Saladin, a significant figure in the Crusades for Muslims, was born on September 8, 1137.

Saladin, a prominent figure in Islamic history, is born in Tikrit, Iraq.

Saladin's father, Ayuub, is appointed as the governor of Baalbek in Lebanon.

In 1146, Nur ad-Din became the regent of Aleppo after the death of his father, Zengi.

Saladin's military career started under his uncle Asad ad-Din Shirkuh, a prominent military commander under Nur ad-Din, the Zengid emir of Damascus and Aleppo.

Saladin rises to the position of chief of police in Damascus, showcasing his early leadership roles.

Saladin was appointed as the vizier of Egypt on March 26, 1169. He gained significant power and independence in his career, facing challenges of loyalty between al-Adid and Nur ad-Din.

On August 23, 1169, Saladin decisively quelled an uprising in Cairo led by Egyptian soldiers and emirs, solidifying his control over the region.

In 1170, Saladin launched a campaign against the Crusaders, besieging Darum and capturing Gaza in 1187. He continued to challenge the Crusaders in the region.

Saladin takes on the role of Vizier in the Fatimid Caliphate in Cairo.

Saladin's father Ayyub was wounded in a horse-riding accident on 31 July 1173, leading to his death on 9 August.

Ayyubid dynasty founder, Ayuub, passes away in Cairo.

Nur al-Din, a key figure in the Islamic world, dies, leading Saladin to prepare for the establishment of the Ayyubid dynasty.

Saladin besieged Aleppo after Gumushtigin refused to abdicate his throne, leading to a tense situation where as-Salih appealed to the inhabitants not to surrender to Saladin.

Saladin faced off against the combined forces of Mosul and Aleppo in Hama, where he strategically surrounded and defeated them, leading to a decisive victory for Saladin.

Rashid ad-Din Sinan, chief da'i of the Assassins, attempted to assassinate Saladin in his camp, but the attempt was foiled by Nasih ad-Din Khumartekin.

Saladin's forces captured the fortress of A'zaz on June 21, 1176, after a siege, during which an Assassin attempted to assassinate Saladin but failed.

Saladin and his men were surprised near Ramla in the battle of Montgisard by a Crusader force led by Knights Templar. Despite initial attempts to organize his troops, Saladin saw defeat as inevitable and fled with a small remnant of his army to Egypt.

In the spring of 1178, Saladin's forces in Homs won a victory over the Crusader army, bringing back spoils and prisoners of war. Saladin ordered the captives to be beheaded for 'plundering and laying waste the lands of the Faithful'.

Saladin successfully besieged the fortress defended by the Templar knights, resulting in its fall on August 30, 1179.

Saladin hosted a reception for Nur ad-Din Muhammad, the Artuqid emir of Keyfa, to cement an alliance and impress other emirs in Mesopotamia and Anatolia.

In June 1181, Saladin changed his plans regarding the hajj pilgrimage and was seen inspecting the Nile River banks, possibly for strategic or administrative purposes.

In August 1181, Saladin laid siege to Beirut after rendezvousing with the Egyptian fleet, but ultimately withdrew after a few days without making significant progress.

On May 11, 1182, Saladin left Cairo for Syria with a significant portion of the Egyptian Ayyubid army, marking a crucial military campaign in his imperial expansions.

Saladin arrived at Mosul on 10 November 1182 and laid siege to the heavily fortified city after facing resistance from Izz ad-Din and his forces.

After a 15-day siege, Sinjar fell to Saladin's forces on 30 December 1182, with his soldiers plundering the city but sparing the governor and officers.

Saladin sent his brother to capture Tell Khalid, but the governor surrendered upon Saladin's arrival before a siege could take place.

Saladin positioned his forces outside Aleppo, encircling the suburb of Banaqusa and Bab Janan, hoping for an early success.

Saladin crossed the Jordan River to attack Beisan after Raynald of Châtillon threatened to attack the holy cities of Mecca and Medina. His forces sacked and burned the town and intercepted Crusader reinforcements.

Saladin opened his campaign of 1184 with a second siege of Kerak, hoping to draw the Crusader army into battle on open ground. The Crusaders outmaneuvered him and successfully relieved the fortress.

By 1185, Saladin had gained control of Mosul and signed a treaty with the Byzantine Empire, forming alliances against common enemies like the Seljuks. This strengthened his position and allowed him to focus on the Latin states.

After facing resistance and falling ill, Saladin signed a peace treaty with the defenders of Mosul in March 1186.

In 1187, Saladin, the sultan of Egypt and Syria, successfully recaptured Jerusalem from the Crusaders.

On April 1, 1187, Saladin launched an attack on the Franks at Kerak and Shawbak in Jordan, showcasing his military prowess in the region.

In July 1187, Saladin achieved a significant victory over the Franks army at the Battle of Hattin, a crucial event in the history of the Crusades.

Under Saladin's leadership, the Ayyubid army achieved a decisive victory over the Crusaders at the Battle of Hattin in July 1187. This victory led to the capture of Jerusalem and marked a significant shift in the balance of power in the Levant.

On August 6, 1187, Saladin successfully captured Acre, Haifa, Caesarea, Jaffa, and Sidon in Palestine, as well as Beirut in Lebanon.

On October 2, 1187, Saladin's army captured the city of Jerusalem from the Crusaders, marking a significant turning point in the Crusades.

Josias, the Archbishop of Tyre, imposed a tax known as the Saladin Tithe in 1188 to raise funds for a new Crusade.

The Third Crusade was organized by European leaders in response to Saladin's control of Jerusalem. It was primarily led by Richard the Lionhearted, King of England, and ended with a truce between Richard and Saladin in 1192.

Saladin captured Beaufort Castle in April 1190 after a long siege.

King Richard I landed at Tyre in June 1191 and attacked Acre, where he held Saladin's men hostage.

A full-scale battle took place on the plain of Arsuf on 7 September 1191 between the Crusaders and Saladin's army. The Crusaders emerged victorious, although the Muslim losses were not significant.

Conrad of Montferrat was assassinated in April 1192 by two Assassins disguised as monks.

Richard the Lionheart signed a peace treaty with Saladin on September 2, 1192.

Saladin passed away in Damascus on March 4, 1193. Known for his generosity towards his subjects, he left behind a legacy of military prowess and cultural significance, being revered in various cultures.

Saladin, a revered leader among Muslims and Christians, died.

Saladin's legacy includes the founding of the Ayyubid dynasty, which ruled Egypt until 1250 and Syria until 1260 before being overthrown by the Mamluks. He also left a lasting impact on literature, being admired for his diplomacy and leadership skills by both Muslim and Christian sources.

After Saladin's death, conflicts among his sons led to the decline of the Ayyubid Dynasty. In 1260, the dynasty lost its independence to the Mamluks, marking the end of their rule in the region.

In 1898, German Emperor Wilhelm II visited Saladin's tomb to pay his respects. This visit contributed to the image of Saladin as a hero in the Arab World's struggle against the West.

Stanley Lane-Poole's book 'Saladin and the Fall of the Kingdom of Jerusalem' was published in 1906, focusing on the historical events related to Saladin and the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

David Nicolle's book 'Saladin' was published on December 20, 2011, shedding light on the life and achievements of Saladin.

Mark Cartwright's article 'Saladin' was published on World History Encyclopedia on August 30, 2018. The content is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike.