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2024-04-04 03:38:04

John Locke

English philosopher and 'father of liberalism'
English philosopher and 'father of liberalism'
John Locke, an influential Enlightenment thinker, contributed to epistemology and political philosophy. His ideas on empiricism and social contract theory greatly impacted later philosophers and influenced the American Revolutionaries.
525
Locke's Definition of Knowledge
Locke's definition of knowledge focuses on the perception of the agreement or disagreement of any of our ideas, contrasting with the Cartesian definition of clear and distinct ideas.
1398
Locke's rejection of innate ideas
John Locke argues against the concept of innate ideas by stating that they are not inherent but rather acquired through experience. He refutes the existence of speculative, practical, and moral innate principles, as well as innate ideas of God, identity, or impossibility.
1632-08-09
John Locke Born
John Locke, an influential English philosopher and physician, was born on August 29, 1632. He is known for his contributions to empiricism and social contract theory.
1632-08-29
Birth of John Locke
John Locke, the influential English philosopher and physician, was born on August 29, 1632.
1637
Locke adopts Descartes' 'way of ideas'
In his work 'An Essay Concerning Human Understanding', John Locke incorporated Descartes' concept of 'way of ideas' into his own philosophy, although with modifications.
1642-08-29
Birth of John Locke
John Locke was born in Wrington, Somerset on 29 August 1642.
1647
John Locke's Education at Westminster School
In 1647, John Locke began his education at Westminster School in London with the support of his father's commander, Alexander Popham. Westminster School was considered one of the most important English schools at the time.
1652
John Locke's Enrollment at Christ Church, Oxford
In the autumn of 1652, at the age of twenty, John Locke continued his education by enrolling at Christ Church, Oxford. Christ Church was regarded as the most important college in Oxford during that period.
1656-02
John Locke receives his B.A.
In February 1656, John Locke completed his Bachelor of Arts degree at Oxford University.
1658-06
John Locke becomes a Master of Arts
In June 1658, John Locke achieved the qualification of Master of Arts at Oxford University, and was elected as a Senior Student of Christ Church College.
1660-12
Locke elected Lecturer in Greek at Christ Church
In December of 1660, John Locke was elected as a Lecturer in Greek at Christ Church, marking the beginning of his academic career.
1662
Second Tract of Government
A Latin manuscript by John Locke further elaborating on political theories and the concept of natural law.
1663
Locke appointed senior censor in Christ Church
In 1663, John Locke was appointed as the senior censor in Christ Church. This role involved supervising the studies and discipline of undergraduates and delivering a series of lectures.
1664
Questions Concerning the Law of Nature
John Locke's exploration of the principles of natural law and moral philosophy.
1666
Locke Learning about Atomism from Boyle
Locke learned about atomism or the corpuscular hypothesis from Boyle, a member of the English Royal Society.
1667
John Locke Becomes Lord Ashley's Personal Physician
In 1667, John Locke accepted Lord Ashley's invitation to become his personal physician in London. This marked a significant turning point in Locke's career, as he transitioned from informal studies of medicine to a formal role in the medical field.
1668
Locke's medical operation on Lord Ashley
In 1668, while living at Lord Ashley's residence, Exeter House, John Locke performed a successful medical operation on Ashley using his medical training. This operation was one of the most well-documented procedures of the 17th century.
1669
Locke's involvement in writing the fundamental constitution of the Carolinas
John Locke, as the secretary to the Lords Proprietors, participated in drafting the fundamental constitution of the Carolinas, which was one of Ashley's commercial projects.
1670
Locke's role in promoting trade and colonies
John Locke played a significant role in advocating for the importance of trade and colonies in England's prosperity. His work as the secretary of the Board of Trade involved collecting crucial information that could benefit the economy and promote trade.
1672
First drafts of An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
In 1672, drafts of the influential work 'An Essay Concerning Human Understanding' were first created.
1673
Samuel Pufendorf publishes On the Law of Nature and Nations
In 1673, Samuel Pufendorf published 'On the Law of Nature and Nations', a significant work in the field of natural law and international relations.
1674
Locke begins work on principles of morality and revealed religion
In 1674, James Tyrrell, a friend of John Locke, recalls a discussion about the principles of morality and revealed religion that sparked Locke's interest. This led Locke, an Oxford scholar and medical researcher, to embark on a project that would engage him for the next two decades.
1675-02
Locke obtained bachelor of medicine
In February 1675, John Locke obtained a bachelor of medicine after studying extensively at Oxford.
1679
Locke's Involvement with Scholars Advocating Religious Toleration
John Locke fled to Holland after the discovery of the Rye house plot and joined a group of scholars advocating religious toleration. The group included Benjamin Furly, Pierre Bayle, Dutch theologians, and others, who discussed arguments for religious intolerance.
1681
Correspondence with Lady Damaris Masham
Since 1681, John Locke had been in regular correspondence with Lady Damaris Masham, with whom he lived at Oates. Historian A. Gottlieb suggests they were in love at different times.
1682
Meeting with Damaris Cudworth
In 1682, John Locke met Damaris Cudworth, the daughter of Ralph Cudworth, a Cambridge Platonist. They became intellectually and romantically involved.
1683-06
Discovery of Plot to Fire Upon the King
In June of 1683, a plot to fire upon the King and his brother was discovered. This event led to significant political repercussions.
1683-09
Locke's Exile to Holland
By September 1683, John Locke went into exile in Holland after the plot to fire upon the King was revealed. This exile period had a profound impact on Locke's life and work.
1684
Discussion with Edward Clarke about education
John Locke discussed the education of Edward Clarke's son and daughters since 1684.
1685
Publication of Epistola de Tolerantia
In 1685, John Locke published the Epistola de Tolerantia in Latin while in exile in Holland. This work discussed religious toleration and became influential in the development of ideas on religious freedom.
1686
Locke's Method of Creating Indexes
Locke devised his own method of creating indexes using a grid system and Latin keywords, shortening words to their first letter and vowel. This method was published in French in 1686 and later republished in English in 1706.
1687
Locke read Newton's Principia Mathematica Philosophiae Naturalis
Locke read Newton's Principia Mathematica Philosophiae Naturalis while in exile in Holland.
1688
Glorious Revolution
The Glorious Revolution of 1688 in England marked a significant shift in power from the throne to Parliament. This event allowed John Locke, a key figure in the Whig party, to rise to prominence and become a hero in his native country.
1689
Locke's Two Treatises of Government Published
In 1689, John Locke published 'Two Treatises of Government', a seminal work in political philosophy. Locke's ideas on natural rights and the social contract have had a profound impact on political thought.
1689-02
Locke's Return to England
In February 1689, John Locke returned to England after the Glorious Revolution. His return marked a significant period in his life and intellectual contributions.
1690-01-01
Publication of An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
On January 1, 1690, John Locke published 'An Essay Concerning Human Understanding', which delves into the foundations of human knowledge and understanding. This work significantly contributed to empiricism in modern philosophy and influenced prominent enlightenment thinkers like David Hume and George Berkeley.
1691
Locke's Monetary Theory
John Locke's monetary theory is based on the idea that the demand for money is regulated by its quantity, regardless of whether the demand is unlimited or constant. He also explores the determinants of demand and supply, explaining the value of goods based on scarcity and ability to be exchanged and consumed.
1692
Publication of A Third Letter for Toleration
In 1692, John Locke published 'A Third Letter for Toleration', further advocating for religious tolerance and the importance of individual conscience in matters of faith.
1693-01-01
John Locke Publishes 'Some Thoughts Concerning Education'
John Locke published an essay titled 'Some Thoughts Concerning Education' on January 1, 1693. This work was a significant source of empiricism in modern philosophy and had a profound influence on enlightenment philosophers like David Hume and George Berkeley.
1695
The Reasonableness of Christianity
In 1695, John Locke published The Reasonableness of Christianity, where he defends Protestant Christianity's place in society and emphasizes the importance of reason over faith.
1696
Revival of the Board of Trade
In 1696, the Board of Trade was revived, and John Locke played a significant role in its revival and served on it.
1697
Locke's Conduct of the Understanding
Locke's work on understanding behavior acts as a bridge between his philosophical and political works.
1699
Locke's Role in the Constitution of Carolina
Historian Holly Brewer argues that Locke's role in the Constitution of Carolina has been exaggerated, stating that he was paid to revise and make copies of a document that had already been partially written. Locke was paid in Royal African Company stock for his work as a secretary for a governmental sub-committee.
1700
Locke's Influence on the Board of Trade
Until 1700, John Locke was the most influential member of the Board of Trade, which had administrative powers and dealt with various issues such as the Irish wool trade, suppression of piracy, treatment of the poor in England, and governance of the colonies. The Board was crucial in administering the United States before the American Revolution.
1702
Composes A Discourse on Miracles
In 1702, John Locke composed a work titled A Discourse on Miracles, discussing the concept of miracles and their role in religious belief.
1703
Recognition of Locke's Two Treatises
Locke's 'Two Treatises' were generally ignored until 1703, when they started gaining recognition and making an impact in the political debates of the time.
1704-10-28
Death of John Locke
John Locke, the influential philosopher, died at Oates on October 28, 1704. His works had a lasting impact on political philosophy, particularly on the Enlightenment thinkers and the development of ideas on state power and individual liberty.
1705-07
Publication of A Paraphrase and Notes on the Epistles of St. Paul
Between 1705 and 1707, John Locke's work 'A Paraphrase and Notes on the Epistles of St. Paul' was published. It provided insights and interpretations on the Epistles of St. Paul.
1706
Locke's Method of Creating Indexes
Locke devised his own method of creating indexes using a grid system and Latin keywords, shortening words to their first letter and vowel. This method was published in French in 1686 and later republished in English in 1706.
1707
A paraphrase and notes on the Epistles of St. Paul to the Galatians, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Romans, Ephesians
John Locke's commentary on biblical texts, providing insights and interpretations of the New Testament.
1710
First French and German editions of A Letter Concerning Toleration
In 1710, the first French and German editions of John Locke's 'A Letter Concerning Toleration' were published. This work advocated for religious tolerance and separation of church and state.
1714
First edition of the Works of Locke
In 1714, the first edition of the complete works of John Locke was published. This collection included his influential philosophical and political writings.
1741
Publication of John Locke's De Intellectu humano
A new edition of John Locke's 'De Intellectu humano' was published in 1741, edited by Gotthelff Heinrich Thiele and spanning 1000 pages.
1743
First American edition of A Letter Concerning Toleration
In 1743, the first American edition of John Locke's 'A Letter Concerning Toleration' was published. This further spread Locke's ideas on religious tolerance in the American colonies.
1749
Associationism
Locke's theory that early associations of ideas have a significant impact on an individual's development, influencing 18th-century educational theory and the emergence of psychology.
1773
First American printing of Locke's Second Treatise of Government
Locke's 'Second Treatise of Government' gained new readership in America with the rise of resistance to British taxation, and was first printed in America in 1773 in Boston.
1776
U.S. Declaration of Independence influenced by John Locke
John Locke's political theory directly influenced the U.S. Declaration of Independence by asserting natural individual rights and grounding political authority in the consent of the governed.
1823
Locke's criticism of Malebranche
Locke criticized Malebranche's account of ideas, specifically regarding the representative character of ideas in perception.
1843
Mill criticizes Locke's semantic theory
John Stuart Mill criticizes Locke's semantic theory by providing an example where the meaning of a statement does not imply that the idea of the subject causes the idea of the predicate. This critique challenges Locke's notion of signification.
1876
Publication of 'Life of John Locke' by Fox Bourne
In 1876, H.R. Fox Bourne published a two-volume work titled 'Life of John Locke' in New York, later reprinted in 1969 by Scientia Aalen.
1937
Publication of John Locke's Works
In 1937, the works of the philosopher John Locke were published, contributing to the understanding of political philosophy and empiricism.
1947
Locke's manuscripts and books purchased by Bodleian Library
Locke's manuscripts and books that were left to his cousin King were bought by the Bodleian Library in 1947. The collection remained with King's descendants until then.
1951
Paul Mellon discovers portion of books from Locke's library
In 1951, collector and philanthropist Paul Mellon discovered a portion of the books that Locke left to his cousin King. He later supplemented this discovery with privately bought books from Locke's library.
1954
Publication of Essays on the Law of Nature
In 1954, John Locke's Essays on the Law of Nature was first published. This work presented early expressions of his philosophical beliefs, particularly emphasizing the concepts of natural moral law and empiricism.
1956
John Yolton argues about Locke's view on innate ideas
John Yolton in 1956 argued that in the seventeenth century England, there was a widespread belief that innate ideas and principles were necessary for the stability of religion, morality, and natural law. He also mentioned that Locke's criticism of innate ideas and principles was directed towards commonly held beliefs during that time.
1957
Publication of 'John Locke: A Biography' by Maurice Cranston
Maurice Cranston published 'John Locke: A Biography' in 1957, which was later reprinted in 1985 by Oxford University Press.
1960
Publication of 'An Essay Concerning Human Understanding'
The book 'An Essay Concerning Human Understanding' was published in 1960 by Peter Laslett in Cambridge University Press. It is an abridged version edited by A.D. Woozley.
1964
Publication of 'An Essay Concerning Human Understanding'
The abridged version of 'An Essay Concerning Human Understanding' was published in 1964 by A.D. Woozley in Fontana Library, London.
1968
Kretzmann criticizes Locke's main semantic thesis
Norman Kretzmann criticizes Locke's claim that words only signify the ideas in the mind of the speaker, calling it Locke's main semantic thesis. This view has been widely debated and criticized in the field of semantic theory.
1969
Publication of The Political Thought of John Locke by John Dunn
In 1969, John Dunn published 'The Political Thought of John Locke' in Cambridge. The book delves into the political ideas and theories of the influential philosopher John Locke.
1970
Publication of John Locke and the Compass of Human Understanding
In 1970, the book 'John Locke and the Compass of Human Understanding' was published by Cambridge University Press. It explores John Locke's ideas and their impact on human understanding.
1971
Locke, Berkeley, Hume: Central Themes
Jonathan Bennett's book delves into the central themes of Locke, Berkeley, and Hume's philosophies.
1975
Publication of An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
The Clarendon editions of Locke's works, starting with An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, were published by Peter Nidditch in 1975.
1976
Problems from Locke
J. L. Mackie's work 'Problems from Locke' was published in 1976, delving into critical issues and challenges arising from the philosophical ideas of John Locke.
1977
Locke on Human Understanding: Selected Essays
A collection of selected essays on Locke's views on human understanding edited by I.C. Tipton and published in 1977.
1978
Paul Mellon transfers his collection to Bodleian Library
In 1978, Paul Mellon transferred his collection of books from Locke's library to the Bodleian Library. This collection included books he discovered and privately acquired.
1980
Analysis of Locke's Concept of Persons
Ruth Mattern's 1980 article 'Moral Science and the Concept of Persons in Locke' explores the philosophical aspects of John Locke's views on persons.
1981
John Locke: Symposium
In 1981, Reinhard Brandt edited a symposium on John Locke, discussing various aspects of his philosophy and ideas.
1982
From Locke to Saussure: Essays on the Study of Language and Intellectual History
In 1982, Hans Aarsleff published a collection of essays exploring the transition from Locke to Saussure in the study of language and intellectual history.
1983
Publication of '80 Years of Locke'
In 1983, the book '80 Years of Locke' by Hall, Roland, and Roger Woolhouse was published, providing a comprehensive bibliographical guide on Locke's scholarship.
1984
Locke’s Education for Liberty
Nathan Tarcov's work published in 1984, focuses on John Locke's philosophy of education for liberty.
1985
Ideas Qualities and Corpuscles: Locke and Boyle on the External World
Peter Alexander's 1985 work 'Ideas Qualities and Corpuscles' delves into the perspectives of Locke and Boyle on the external world, contributing to the understanding of their philosophies.
1986
Publication of 'Locke: A Biography' by Roger Woolhouse
In 1986, Roger Woolhouse published 'Locke: A Biography', which provides a detailed examination of John Locke's potential involvement with English rebels while in exile.
1987
Locke's argument for the right of the majority
Locke's argument emphasizes the importance of majority rule in establishing a political community and the distinction between duty to society and duty to government.
1988
Debate on Locke's Views on Aristotelian Natural Kinds
There is a debate on John Locke's views regarding Aristotelian natural kinds, with some scholars arguing that Locke believes there are natural kinds on the atomic level but we cannot access or understand them, while others argue that Locke denies the existence of Aristotelian natural kinds altogether.
1989
Publication of Vol. 8: Letters Nos. 3287–3648
In 1989, Volume 8 of John Locke's letters, containing numbers 3287 to 3648, was published.
1990
Publication of 'A Locke Miscellany' by Jean S. Yolton
In 1990, Jean S. Yolton published 'A Locke Miscellany' in Bristol, a collection of various works related to John Locke.
1991
Locke's Critique on the Use of Force in Religion
John Locke criticizes the use of force by magistrates to make people profess beliefs, stating that it leads to hypocrisy and lies. He questions the effectiveness of using force in matters of faith and salvation.
1992
Essays on Early Modern Philosophy, John Locke—Theory of Knowledge
Vere Chappell's 1992 publication 'Essays on Early Modern Philosophy' delves into John Locke's Theory of Knowledge, offering insightful perspectives on Locke's philosophical contributions.
1993
An Approach to Political Philosophy: Locke in Contexts
A book titled 'An Approach to Political Philosophy: Locke in Contexts' was published in 1993 by an unknown author. The book discusses Locke's political philosophy within various contexts.
1994
Locke's Influence in The Cambridge Companion to Locke
In 1994, Vere Chappell edited 'The Cambridge Companion to Locke' which discussed Locke's influence, shedding light on his impact on philosophy.
1995
Locke on Human Understanding
E.J. Lowe's book 'Locke on Human Understanding' was published in 1995, focusing on the philosophical ideas of John Locke regarding human cognition and knowledge.
1996
Publication of Essay
Locke's Essay discusses the idea of liberty and the power of the mind over one's actions. It explores the concept of independence of mind and how it can be achieved.
1999
Criticism of Locke's Interpretation
Scholars have criticized the proposed way of interpreting Locke due to lack of textual support and conflicting with some of Locke's own statements.
2000
Naturalization of the Soul: Self and Personal Identity in the 18th Century
Barresi, John, and Raymond Martin's work explores the concept of self and personal identity during the 18th century.
2003
Symposium on Locke's Account of Perception
A symposium including John Rogers, Gideon Yaffe, Lex Newman, Tom Lennon, and Vere Chappell at a meeting of the Pacific Division of the American Philosophical Association in 2003 debated Locke's account of perception, with most participants holding the view that Locke holds a certain perspective.
2004-04
Conceiving Carolina: Proprietors, Planters and Plots 1662–1729
John Roper's book 'Conceiving Carolina' explores the role of proprietors, planters, and land plots in the development of Carolina between 1662 and 1729.
2006
Publication of 'Toleration and Early Enlightenment Culture'
In 2006, John Marshall published 'Toleration and Early Enlightenment Culture', a work focusing on John Locke's ideas on tolerance and their impact on the Enlightenment period.
2007
Roger Woolhouse's biography of Locke
Roger Woolhouse's biography of Locke from 2007 mentions the contradiction between Locke's theories and Afro-American slavery, which has affected Locke's reputation as a champion of liberty.
2008
James Farr's article on Locke and New World Slavery
James Farr's article from 2008 discusses Locke's theory of slavery in relation to English absolutism and Afro-American slavery, suggesting that Locke did not intend his theory to apply to the latter.
2010
Publication of John Locke's Works
John Locke's writings, including 'A Letter concerning Toleration', were edited and published by Mark Goldie in 2010.
2011
Locke's views on nominal essences and substance words
Locke argues that the creation of nominal essences is influenced by existing usage of words and the idea that substance words should reflect the properties of the substances they represent. He suggests that our ideas of different substances are based on the properties that create the appearances we observe and the unity of ideas that are regularly associated.
2013
Locke’s Metaphysics
Matthew Stuart's book on Locke's metaphysics, released in 2013 by Oxford University Press.
2015
Locke’s Touchy Subjects: Materialism and Immortality
In 2015, a publication titled 'Locke’s Touchy Subjects: Materialism and Immortality' was released by Oxford University Press, focusing on John Locke's views on materialism and immortality.
2017
Reconsidering John Locke and the Origins of American Slavery
Holly Brewer's 2017 article in The American Historical Review reevaluates John Locke's role in the origins of American slavery, shedding new light on the connections between slavery, sovereignty, and inheritable blood.
2019
Discovery of Locke's Reflections on Toleration of Catholics
A page of John Locke's reflections on toleration of Catholics was discovered in 2019, revealing that Locke considered the pros and cons of toleration for Catholics.
2020
Debate on Locke's Account of Slavery and Absolutism
In 2020, Johan Olsthoorn and Laurens van Apeldoorn argued that Locke's views on slavery and absolute rule were weak compared to classical contract theories like those of Grotius and Puffendorf. They defended absolutism and colonial slavery. Felis Waldmann responded to their claims in a critique titled 'Slavery and Absolutism in Locke's Two Treatises: A Response to Olsthoorn and van Apeldoorn.'
2022
Publication of Images of Locke
The book 'Images of Locke' was published in 2022, featuring various aspects of John Locke's life and work, including his moral philosophy, political philosophy, and philosophy of science.
2023-11-21
John Locke
World History Encyclopedia provides information about John Locke, a prominent philosopher known for his works on political theory and epistemology. The organization offers resources on Locke's influential writings such as 'The First & Second Treatises of Government' and 'An Essay Concerning Human Understanding.'
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John Locke

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John Locke

English philosopher and 'father of liberalism'
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