American political philosopher in liberal tradition
American political philosopher in liberal tradition
John Rawls was a prominent figure in political philosophy, known for his theory of justice as fairness. His work has had a significant impact on the field, influencing scholars, politicians, and legal systems in the US and Canada.
The Original Position and Political Constructivism
Rawls describes the original position as a useful device for reaching greater reflective equilibrium. He holds that the value of the original position as a method of reasoning is affirmed when it selects the first principle of justice, since the first principle accords with many people’s settled convictions about the importance of assuring the basic rights and liberties for all.
1900
John Rawls condemns Nietzsche and Emerson
In response to John Rawls' criticism of Nietzsche and Emerson in his book 'A Theory of Justice' for advocating the production of great human beings, Cavell engages with perfectionism by arguing that the focus on great individuals does not necessarily involve economic or political implications.
1921-02-21
Birth of John Rawls
John Rawls, the influential political philosopher, was born in Baltimore. His upbringing in a family with a prominent lawyer father and a mother involved in women's rights activism influenced his future work.
1928
Tragedy Strikes Rawls's Family
In 1928, tragedy struck John Rawls's family when he contracted diphtheria, leading to the fatal infection of his brother Bobby. This event, along with the death of another brother due to illness, had a profound impact on Rawls's childhood.
1939
Rawls Graduated from Princeton University
In 1939, John Rawls graduated from Princeton University with a Bachelor of Arts, summa cum laude. During his time at Princeton, he was influenced by Norman Malcolm and became deeply concerned with theology.
1943
Bachelor's Degree from Princeton University
In 1943, John Rawls earned his bachelor's degree from Princeton University. This academic achievement laid the foundation for his future career as a philosopher.
1946
John Rawls Returned to Princeton University after World War II
In 1946, John Rawls returned to Princeton University after serving army stints in New Guinea, the Philippines, and Japan during World War II. He resumed his studies at Princeton after the war.
1949
John Rawls Married Margaret
In 1949, John Rawls married his wife, Margaret, during the final years of his doctoral studies. They have since raised four children together.
1950
John Rawls joins Princeton faculty as an instructor
In 1950, John Rawls started working as an instructor at Princeton University. Drawing inspiration from his moral theory and the works of economists like J. R. Hicks and Frank Knight, Rawls began exploring the concept of how individuals can establish just principles.
1951
Outline of a Decision Procedure for Ethics
An article by John Rawls published in the Philosophical Review in April 1951. It presents an outline of a decision procedure for ethics.
1953
John Rawls becomes assistant professor at Cornell University
In the fall of 1953, John Rawls started working as an assistant professor at Cornell University in the Philosophy Department under his mentor Norman Malcolm.
1955
Publication of John Rawls' Two Concepts of Rules
John Rawls published an article titled 'Two Concepts of Rules' in 1955, where he discussed the similarity between his views and Friedrich Hayek's views on the utility of practices.
1957
Justice as Fairness
An article by John Rawls published in the Journal of Philosophy on October 24, 1957. It explores the concept of justice as fairness.
1958
Justice as Fairness
An article by John Rawls published in the Philosophical Review in April 1958. It delves into the idea of justice as fairness.
1960
John Rawls appointed as a professor at MIT
In 1960, John Rawls was appointed as a professor in the humanities division at MIT, after serving as a visiting professor at Harvard during the 1959-60 academic year.
1962
John Rawls joins Harvard University faculty
In 1962, John Rawls became a part of the faculty at Harvard University. This move marked a significant point in his academic career, allowing him to further develop and teach his theories on justice and equality.
1963
Constitutional Liberty and the Concept of Justice
An article by John Rawls published in Nomos VI in 1963. It explores constitutional liberty and the concept of justice.
1968
Distributive Justice: Some Addenda
An article by John Rawls published in the Natural Law Forum in 1968. It provides addenda on distributive justice.
1970
Rawls's manuscript survives bombing
During the 1969-1970 academic year, John Rawls intended to finish his book at Stanford University's Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences. The year almost ended in disaster when the Center was bombed, but Rawls's manuscript survived despite being soaked.
1971
Publication of A Theory of Justice
In 1971, John Rawls published 'A Theory of Justice,' a seminal work that defended egalitarian liberalism and outlined principles for a just society.
1972
Reply to Lyons and Teitelman
An article by John Rawls published in the Journal of Philosophy on October 5, 1972. It is a reply to Lyons and Teitelman.
1974
Critique by Robert Nozick
Robert Nozick critiqued Rawls's dialectical clarification of the moral import of desert, suggesting alternative perspectives on justice and distribution.
1975
Reading Rawls: Critical Studies on Rawls’ A Theory of Justice
In 1975, the book 'Reading Rawls: Critical Studies on Rawls’ A Theory of Justice' edited by N. Daniels was published in New York by Basic Books. It provided critical analysis and insights into Rawls' influential work 'A Theory of Justice'.
1989
Political Liberalism
Political liberalism, a concept developed by John Rawls, delves into the questions of legitimacy and stability in a democratic society. It sets the foundation for Rawls's theory of justice by establishing the context and starting points for justice as fairness.
1990
Publication of A Theory of Justice
John Rawls's book 'A Theory of Justice' was published in 1971, marking the beginning of the rebirth of normative political philosophy. The book introduced the concept of 'justice as fairness' and recommended principles of social justice.
1991
John Rawls officially retires
In 1991, John Rawls retired from his official position. Despite his retirement, he continued to impart knowledge through teaching until 1995, leaving a lasting impact on the field of philosophy.
1993
Publication of Political Liberalism
In 1993, John Rawls wrote 'Political Liberalism' as a refinement of his ideas in 'A Theory of Justice,' addressing criticisms and defending his theory of liberalism.
1994
Symposium on John Rawls’s Political Liberalism
In 1994, a symposium on John Rawls's Political Liberalism was held, organized by Griffin and Solum, providing a platform for scholarly discussions on Rawls's political philosophy.
1995
John Rawls suffers from strokes
In 1995, John Rawls had the first of several strokes which severely impeded his ability to continue working.
1996
Method of avoidance in political philosophy
Rawls pioneers the 'method of avoidance' in political philosophy, neither asserting nor denying truth claims to preserve the possibility of an overlapping consensus on political liberalism.
1997
Reath, Herman, and Korsgaard Collection of Essays
A collection of essays written by Rawls's students focusing on his work in the history of philosophy, specifically his interpretations of various philosophers like Hume, Leibniz, Kant, Hegel, Hobbes, Locke, Mill, Marx, Sidgwick, and Butler.
1999-11-24
Death of John Rawls
John Rawls, the modest and eminent political philosopher known for his contributions to political philosophy, passed away. His impact on the field is widely recognized.
2000
Publication of Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy
In 2000, John Rawls published 'Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy', delving into the historical development of moral philosophy.
2001
Release of Justice as Fairness: A Restatement
In 2001, John Rawls presented 'Justice as Fairness: A Restatement', offering a revised edition of his ideas on justice and fairness.
2002-11-24
John Rawls passes away
On November 24, 2002, John Rawls died from heart failure at his home in Lexington, Massachusetts at the age of 81.
2003
Publication of Kukathas' 4-volume work
Kukathas published a 4-volume work in 2003 that contains many older scholarly articles on Rawls's work, categorized by specific themes and types of criticisms.
2004
Rawls and the Law
A special issue of Fordham Law Review edited by J. Fleming in 2004 focusing on the relationship between Rawls' philosophy and the law.
2005
Focus on political legitimacy
Rawls introduces the 'liberal principle of legitimacy' in 'Political Liberalism', emphasizing that political power is justifiable only when exercised in accordance with a constitution endorsed by all citizens.
2006
Rawls’s Law of Peoples: A Realistic Utopia?
A book edited by Martin, R. and Reidy, D. in 2006, exploring Rawls's concept of a realistic utopia within the framework of the Law of Peoples.
2007
Publication of 'John Rawls: His Life and Theory of Justice'
The book 'John Rawls: His Life and Theory of Justice' by Thomas Pogge was published in 2007. It explores the life and theories of John Rawls, a prominent political philosopher.
2008-03-25
Publication of John Rawls' Entry in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
The entry on John Rawls was first published on March 25, 2008, in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. It provides a comprehensive overview of Rawls' philosophical ideas and contributions.
2009
Publication of Rawls’s A Theory of Justice: An Introduction
In 2009, J. Mandle published 'Rawls’s A Theory of Justice: An Introduction' in Cambridge, offering an introductory analysis of John Rawls's influential work 'A Theory of Justice'.
2010
A Brief Inquiry into the Meaning of Sin and Faith
A volume published in 2010 by Harvard University Press, including a brief late essay by John Rawls entitled 'On My Religion.' The book also features introductions and commentary by Thomas Nagel, Joshua Cohen, and Robert Merrihew Adams.
2011
Publication of Voice
Voice (2011) is a summary and defense of Rawls’s three main books, aimed at readers with some undergraduate philosophical training.
2012
O'Neill and Williamson on institutional design of a Rawlsian property-owning democracy
In 2012, O'Neill and Williamson delved into the institutional design aspects of a society based on Rawls' concept of a property-owning democracy.
2013
Publication of A Companion to Rawls
In 2013, J. Mandle and D. Reidy edited 'A Companion to Rawls', a comprehensive companion book on the works and philosophy of John Rawls, published in Chichester by John Wiley & Sons.
2014
Bailey and Gentile anthology on religious believers in a Rawlsian society
An anthology by Bailey and Gentile in 2014 explores the extent to which religious believers can participate in the political life of a society based on the principles of John Rawls.
2015
Publication of Brooks and Nussbaum's Collection on Rawls's Political Liberalism
In 2015, Brooks and Nussbaum released a collection of articles discussing Rawls's political liberalism, contributing to the understanding of his political philosophy.
2016
Reflections on Rawls: An Assessment of His Legacy
The book edited by Young in 2016 provides an evaluation of John Rawls's legacy.
2017
John Rawls: Reticent Socialist
In 2017, William Edmundson's book 'John Rawls: Reticent Socialist' was published by Cambridge University Press. The book explores Rawls' political views and his relationship with socialism.
2019
Publication of 'John Rawls: The Path to A Theory of Justice'
In 2019, the book 'John Rawls: The Path to A Theory of Justice' was published by Galisanka, exploring the intellectual journey of John Rawls towards his influential theory of justice.
2020
Debating the Major Questions
A book edited by Mandle, J. and Roberts-Cady, S. in 2020, focusing on the debates surrounding John Rawls' major questions.
2021-02-20
Publication of 'Rawls at 100' in Boston Review
On February 20, 2021, Boston Review released 'Rawls at 100' containing essays on Rawls's work, current affairs, and a letter from Rawls on baseball.
2024-05-04
Publication of The Historical Rawls: Introduction
The introduction of The Historical Rawls was published on May 4, 2024. It discusses the rich scholarship that has emerged in the years following John Rawls' death in 2002, focusing on understanding the nature, development, and impact of Rawls's thought from historical perspectives.