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Last Updated:
2024-09-22 08:20:01

Balochistan

Historical region in Western and South Asia.
Historical region in Western and South Asia.

Balochistan is a region in Western and South Asia, populated by ethnic Baloch people. It is divided among Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, with arid desert and mountainous terrain.

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644
Battle of Rasil

In 644, the Arabs defeated the Rai Dynasty of Sindh at the Battle of Rasil, leading to the conquest of Makran (Balochistan) and its conversion to Islam.

976
Arab governor residing in Khuzdar during Ghaznavid Empire

Around 976, an Arab governor was found residing in Khuzdar, representing the Arab presence in Balochistan during the Ghaznavid Empire.

1013
Baloch participation in Sistan invasion

In 1013, the Baloch were part of Saffarids Amir Khalaf's army and fought against Mahmud when the Ghaznavids forces invaded Sistan.

1398
Pir Muhammad fighting Afghans in Sulaiman mountains

In 1398, Pir Muhammad, the grandson of Timur, engaged in a battle against the Afghans in the Sulaiman mountains, marking a significant event in the history of Balochistan.

1470
Wars between Mir Chakar Khan Rind and Mir Gwahram Khan Lashari

Wars took place between Mir Chakar Khan Rind and Mir Gwahram Khan Lashari, which are celebrated in Baloch verse. Amir Zunnun Beg, Arghun, played a prominent role in these wars.

1515
Shah Esmāʿīl's Treaty with the Portuguese

In 1515, Shah Esmāʿīl was forced to accept the Portuguese occupation of Hormoz and concluded a treaty with the admiral, Alfonso de Albuquerque. The treaty included provisions for the Portuguese to assist the shah in suppressing a revolt in Makrān.

1522
Bābor takes Qandahār

Bābor captures the city of Qandahār, leading to significant political changes in the region.

1556
Mīr Čākar Rind acknowledges Mughal suzerainty

Mīr Čākar Rind, a prominent figure in the region, recognizes the authority of the Mughal Empire shortly before his death.

1613
Sir Robert Sherley's Recommendation to East India Company

In 1613, Sir Robert Sherley recommended to the East India Company in London to set up a factory in Gwadar, as it was autonomous, tributary to Iran, safe from the Portuguese, and promised lucrative trade opportunities.

1638
Mughal Empire control over Pakistani and Iranian Balochistan

The army of Akbar the Great brought what is now Pakistani and Iranian Balochistan under the control of the Mughal Empire until 1638.

1666
Khanate of Kalat established

In 1666, the local vassal of the Mughal Empire organized the Khanate of Kalat in central Balochistan, which later ruled over the vassals of the states of Las Bela, Kharan, and Makran, forming most of Pakistani Balochistan.

1708
Rise of the Ghilzai in Baluchistan

In 1708, the Ghilzai rose to power in Baluchistan, defeating the Safavids.

1740
Cession of Kachhi to Ahmadzai ruler

In 1740, the Ahmadzai ruler obtained the cession of Kachhi as compensation for the blood of Mir Abdullah and his men.

1749
Khanate of Kalat under Afghan Durrani Empire

In 1749, Ahmad Shah Durrani made the Khanate of Kalat a vassal of the Afghan Durrani Empire.

1751
New Treaty between Kalat and Qandahār

After an act of insubordination by Naṣīr, a new treaty was negotiated with Aḥmad Shah Abdālī. The khanate of Kalat no longer paid tribute to Qandahār and provided a fighting force only when the Afghans fought outside their kingdom.

1758
Revolt of Mir Naseer Khan I

In 1758, the Khan of Kalat, Mir Naseer Khan I, revolted against Ahmed Shah Durrani, defeated him, and made his Khanate independent from the Durrani Empire.

1778
Compromise with Gīčkī and Bulēdī tribes

Naṣīr reached a compromise with the Gīčkī and Bulēdī tribes, dividing the revenues of the country equally between the Gīčkī leaders and the khan, with the Gīčkī retaining direct administration.

1783
Granting of Gwadar Port to Sultan of Oman

In 1783, the Khan of Kalat granted suzerainty of the port of Gwadar to the Sultan of Oman, who later decided to keep it as part of his domains. The port eventually came under Pakistani control after being bought back from Oman in 1958.

1839
British attack on Kalat

In 1839, the British attacked Kalat as part of their invasion of Afghanistan, installing a friendly ruler. This marked the beginning of British involvement in the region.

1840-05-11
Mari tribe revolt against British

In 1840, the Mari tribe in Balochistan revolted against British rule, leading to a conflict where the Mari forces attacked British troops near Filiji. The British retaliated with excessive force.

1854
Kalat becomes associated state of the British

In 1854, Kalat became an associated state of the British Empire. This further solidified British influence in the region.

1877
Establishment of Baluchistan Agency by the British

In 1877, the British established the Baluchistan Agency to deal with the Baluch princely states in its Indian Empire and directly rule the northern half of Balochistan, including Quetta.

1909
Annual rebuilding of barrages in Sīstān

The annual rebuilding of the barrages in Sīstān, as described in 1909, was a significant event that required all available labor and was crucial for managing seasonal river discharge onto agricultural lands.

1947-08-12
Declaration of Balochistan's Independence

Mir Ahmad Yar Khan, the Khan of Kalat, declared Balochistan's independence on August 12, 1947.

1948-03-27
Accession of Balochistan into West Pakistan

The Khan of Kalat agreed to the accession of Balochistan into West Pakistan on March 27, 1948.

1955
Absorption of princely state of Kalat by Pakistan

In 1955, Pakistan absorbed the princely state of Kalat, which had allegedly considered joining India instead. This absorption reconfirmed the boundary between Pakistan and Iran in Balochistan.

1958-10-06
Attack on the Residence of the Khan of Kalat

Government troops attacked the residence of the Khan of Kalat in the city of Kalat on October 6, 1958.

1958-10-07
Declaration of Martial Law

The government declared martial law on October 7, 1958.

1967
Establishment of Baloch Students Organization (BSO)

The Baloch Students Organization (BSO) was established in support of Balochi independence in 1967.

1970-03-30
Establishment of Provincial Assembly of Balochistan

The Provincial Assembly of Balochistan was established on 30th March, 1970, following the dissolution of one unit and the declaration of Balochistan as a separate province.

1970-12-17
First Election of Balochistan Provincial Assembly

The first election of the Balochistan Provincial Assembly took place on 17th December, 1970, with 21 members, including 20 general seats and one reserved for women.

1971-07-01
Formation of the Province of Balochistan

The government announced the formation of the province of Balochistan on July 1, 1971.

1972-05-02
First Session of Balochistan Assembly

The first session of the Balochistan Assembly, comprising 21 members, was held on 2nd May, 1972, at the Historic Shahi Jirga Hall in Quetta.

1973-02-10
Discovery of Weapons in the Iraqi Embassy

Government officials found weapons and ammunition in the Iraqi embassy in Islamabad on February 10, 1973.

1973-02-12
Dismissal of Governor Bizenjo and Appointment of Sardar Akbar Khan Bugti

Prime Minister Zulfiqar Bhutto dismissed Governor Bizenjo and Provincial Assembly of Balochistan on February 12, 1973, and appointed Sardar Akbar Khan Bugti as governor.

1973-05-18
Balochi rebels kill government policemen near Sibi

On May 18, 1973, Balochi rebels attacked and killed eight government policemen near Sibi, escalating the conflict between the Balochi rebels and government forces.

1973-08-07
Clash between government troops and Balochi rebels near Gumbaz

A clash between government troops and Balochi rebels near Gumbaz on August 7, 1973, resulted in the deaths of two government soldiers, intensifying the ongoing conflict in Balochistan.

1973-12-02
Assassination of Samad Khan Achazai

On December 2, 1973, Samad Khan Achazai, leader of the NAP in Balochistan, was assassinated in Quetta, leading to further instability in the region during the conflict.

1974-05-15
Ceasefire and amnesty declared by Prime Minister Zulfiqar Bhutto

Prime Minister Zulfiqar Bhutto declared a ceasefire and offered amnesty to the Balochi rebels on May 15, 1974, in an attempt to bring an end to the conflict in Balochistan.

1974-08-21
Government military offensive against rebels in Balochistan

Between August 21 and October 15, 1974, government troops launched a military offensive against Balochi rebels in Balochistan, resulting in significant casualties on both sides.

1975-01-12
Balochi tribesmen flee to Afghanistan as refugees

On January 12, 1975, around 200 Balochi tribesmen fled as refugees to Afghanistan to escape the conflict and violence in Balochistan.

1975-10-21
Balochi rebels kill government soldiers south of Quetta

Balochi rebels attacked and killed 18 government soldiers south of Quetta on October 21, 1975, escalating the violence in the conflict-stricken region.

1975-10-28
Balochi rebels kill individuals near Iranian border

On October 28, 1975, Balochi rebels killed 15 individuals near the Iranian border, adding to the casualties and tensions in the conflict between the rebels and government forces.

1976-07
Government troops suppress Balochi rebellion

In July 1977, government troops successfully suppressed the Balochi rebellion, bringing an end to the prolonged conflict that resulted in significant loss of lives on both sides.

1985-12-30
Lifting of Martial Law

The government ended martial law on December 30, 1985.

1988-12
Dissolution of Balochistan State Assembly

The Balochistan State Assembly was dissolved in December 1988.

1991-10-12
Clashes in Quetta

Balochis and Pashtuns clashed in Quetta on October 12, 1991, resulting in the deaths of 13 individuals.

2000-07-22
Mortar Shell Attack in Quetta

On July 22, 2000, BLA rebels fired mortar shells into Quetta, resulting in the deaths of nine government soldiers.

2003
Ongoing Low-Intensity Insurgency in Balochistan, Pakistan

Since 2003, there has been an ongoing low-intensity insurgency in Balochistan, Pakistan. The separatist militants demand independence for Baloch regions and greater autonomy in the region's natural resources.

2004-12-10
Military Truck Bombing in Quetta

BLA rebels bombed a military truck in Quetta on December 10, 2004, resulting in the deaths of eleven individuals.

2005-03-17
Clashes between Government Troops and BLA Rebels

On March 17, 2005, government troops and BLA rebels clashed, resulting in the deaths of some 50 BLA rebels and 8 government soldiers.

2005-11-08
BLA Attack on Government Soldiers

BLA rebels attacked and killed 42 government soldiers on November 8, 2005.

2005-12-17
Military Offensive against BLA Rebels

Government troops launched a military offensive against BLA rebels beginning on December 17, 2005.

2006-01-25
Landmine Incident near Dera Bugti

Six individuals were killed by a landmine near Dera Bugti on January 25, 2006.

2006-08-26
Killing of Nawab Akbar Bugti

Government troops killed Balochi tribal leader Nawab Akbar Bugti on August 26, 2006.

2012
Growing Sectarianism in Baloch Separatist Fighting in Iran

Since 2012, separatist fighting in Iran has reportedly become more sectarian, with Sunni Baloch militants showing a greater degree of Salafist and anti-Shia ideology in their struggle against the Shia-Islamist Iranian government.

2013
2013 Balochistan earthquake

In 2013, Balochistan was struck by a major earthquake, known as the 2013 Balochistan earthquake. The region also experienced the 2013 Saravan earthquake.

2018-07-25
Formation of 11th Balochistan Assembly

The current 11th Balochistan Assembly was formed after the General Election held on 25th July, 2018, with Mir Abdul Quddus Bizenjo and Sardar Babar Khan Musakhel elected as Speaker and Deputy Speaker.

2019
United States Designation of Baloch Liberation Army as a Global Terrorist Group

In 2019, the United States declared the Baloch Liberation Army, one of the separatist militants fighting the government of Pakistan, as a global terrorist group. This designation highlighted the conflict and separatist movements in the region.

2021
2021 Balochistan earthquake

In 2021, Balochistan experienced a devastating earthquake that resulted in the loss of many lives. This event came to be known as the 2021 Balochistan earthquake.

2024-03-21
Baloch militants attack Gwadar Port

Baloch militants launched an attack on Pakistan's Gwadar Port, resulting in the death of 7 terrorists.

2024-03-22
Majeed Brigade attack in Gwadar

The Majeed Brigade, a group of Baloch militants, carried out an attack in Gwadar, Pakistan.

2024-03-26
Baloch militants attack Pakistan naval air base

Baloch militants launched an attack on a Pakistan naval air base in Balochistan, resulting in the foiling of the bid and the death of six terrorists.

2024-04-14
Baloch militants attack in Balochistan

Baloch militants were responsible for the killing of 11 people in Pakistan's Balochistan region.

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Balochistan
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