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2024-04-20 22:45:48

Magna Carta

Historic royal charter of rights in England
Historic royal charter of rights in England

Magna Carta, also known as Great Charter, was agreed to by King John of England in 1215. It promised various rights and limitations on feudal payments. Despite being annulled, reissued, and modified, it influenced English political life and later legal principles. Magna Carta's significance extended to the United States Constitution.

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156
Signing of the Magna Carta

The Magna Carta was signed in 1215. It was a historic document that limited the power of the English monarchy and established certain legal rights for the people.

659
Magna Carta

The Magna Carta was signed in 1215, limiting the power of King John of England and establishing the principle of the rule of law. This historic document laid the foundation for constitutional governance and the protection of individual rights.

1215-06-10
Meeting at Runnymede

Rebel leaders met with King John at Runnymede to present their demands for reform, which eventually led to the creation of the Magna Carta.

1215-06-15
Signing of Magna Carta

The Magna Carta was a peace treaty between King John and his barons, emphasizing the principle that nobody, not even the King, is above the law.

1215-06-19
Formal Issuance of Magna Carta

The rebel barons renewed their oaths of loyalty to King John and formal copies of the Magna Carta were issued on this date.

1215-07-15
Formal document drafted by Royal Chancery

The formal document drafted by the Royal Chancery on 15th July 1215, known as the first version of the Magna Carta, was created as a record of the agreement between the ruling monarch and the barons.

1215-08-15
Barons' Refusal to Surrender London

As part of the peace deal, the barons were supposed to surrender London by 15 August 1215, but they refused to do so, leading to further tensions between the royalist faction and the rebels.

1215-09-05
Excommunication of Rebel Barons in England

In September 1215, the papal commissioners in England excommunicated rebel barons and clerics who were part of the Council of Twenty-Five, following instructions from Rome.

1216-10-18
Death of King John

King John died on the night of 18 October 1216, leading to the ascension of his nine-year-old son, Henry III, as the new monarch, amidst the backdrop of the First Barons' War.

1216-10-19
Death of King John

King John died from dysentery on October 19, 1216 while mounting a siege in the East of England. His death marked a significant moment in history.

1216-10-28
Coronation of Henry III at Gloucester Cathedral

After King John's death, young Henry III was crowned at Gloucester Cathedral under the oversight of Cardinal Guala Bicchieri, solidifying ties between England and the Papacy.

1216-11-12
Reissuing of the Magna Carta by Henry III

King John's successor, Henry III, reissued the Magna Carta on November 12, 1216, in an attempt to regain the support of rebellious barons who were backing French King Louis VIII's efforts to control England. The reissuance aimed to reaffirm the rights and liberties enumerated in the charter.

1217-09-12
Treaty of Lambeth (Treaty of Kingston)

On 12 and 13 September 1217, the final Treaty of Lambeth, also known as the Treaty of Kingston, was agreed upon between the factions involved in the conflict, marking the end of the war.

1225
Second Reissue of the Magna Carta

In 1225, the Magna Carta was reissued for the second time, emphasizing the importance of the document in shaping the legal and political landscape of England during the medieval period.

1227
Reissuing of a Shorter Version of the Magna Carta by Henry III

In 1227, upon reaching adulthood, Henry III reissued a condensed version of the Magna Carta, which was the first to be incorporated into English Law. This decree mandated that all future charters must bear the King's seal.

1258
Barons seize power from Henry

In 1258, a group of barons seized power from King Henry III in a coup d'état, aiming to enforce Magna Carta and the Charter of the Forest. This led to the establishment of a new baronial-led government and the introduction of the Provisions of Oxford.

1265
Magna Carta: Its Confirmation at Simon de Montfort's Parliament

The Magna Carta was confirmed at Simon de Montfort's Parliament in 1265, solidifying its importance and impact on English history. This event further emphasized the significance of the Magna Carta in establishing principles of justice and rights.

1267
Issuance of the Statute of Marlborough

In 1267, King Henry III issued the Statute of Marlborough as a conciliatory gesture after defeating the rebellious barons. The statute included a renewed commitment to uphold the terms of Magna Carta.

1297
Clauses of the Magna Carta still in force

Certain clauses of the 1297 Magna Carta are still part of the law in England and Wales. These include clauses related to the freedom of the English Church, ancient liberties of the City of London, and the right to due process.

1300
Surviving Copies of the 1300 Exemplification by Edward I

Seven copies of the 1300 exemplification by Edward I survive in various locations such as Faversham, Oriel College, Oxford, and Westminster Abbey. These copies provide insights into the historical significance of the document.

1305
Annulment of Confirmatio Cartarum

In 1305, Pope Clement V annulled the Confirmatio Cartarum, which was interpreted by Edward I as applying to the Articuli super Cartas, leading to a reassertion of forest law by Edward I over disafforested areas.

1311
Ordinances of 1311

The Ordinances of 1311 were a series of regulations imposed on King Edward II of England by a group of barons and nobles. These ordinances aimed to limit the king's power and prevent abuses, reflecting a similar spirit to the Magna Carta.

1312
Robert the Bruce's refusal to make peace with Edward II

In 1312, Robert the Bruce refused to make peace with Edward II, citing the king of England's failure to keep sworn promises made to his liege men, as accused by contemporary chroniclers of 'perjury'.

1354
Third Statute during Edward III's reign

In 1354, the third statute passed during King Edward III's reign redefined clause 29 of Magna Carta, emphasizing 'due process of law' for 'lawful judgement of his peers or the law of the land'.

1423
Confirmation of Magna Carta by King Henry VI

In 1423, King Henry VI confirmed Magna Carta, marking one of the many reconfirmations of the Charter that took place between the 13th and 15th centuries.

1508
First mechanically printed edition of Magna Carta

The first mechanically printed edition of Magna Carta was published in 1508 by Richard Pynson. However, the early printed versions in the 16th century incorrectly attributed the origins of Magna Carta to Henry III and 1225 instead of John and 1215.

1534
First unabridged English-language edition of Magna Carta

In 1534, George Ferrers published the first unabridged English-language edition of Magna Carta, dividing the Charter into 37 numbered clauses.

1621
Renewal of Magna Carta Bill in Parliament

A bill was presented to Parliament in 1621 to renew Magna Carta, although it ultimately failed. Lawyer John Selden argued during Darnell's Case in 1627 that the right of habeas corpus was supported by Magna Carta.

1628
Petition of Right and Magna Carta

Coke supported the Petition of Right in 1628, which cited Magna Carta in its preamble to extend provisions and make them binding on the judiciary. The monarchy responded by arresting Coke for treason and suppressing his proposed book on Magna Carta.

1679
Passing of Habeas Corpus Act in England

In 1679, the Parliament of England passed the Habeas Corpus Act, building upon the ancient rights established in the Magna Carta. This act aimed to protect individuals from being unjustly imprisoned by allowing them to demand a court appearance and lawful reason for their detention.

1688
Influence of Magna Carta on the Glorious Revolution

The political myth of Magna Carta and its protection of ancient personal liberties persisted after the Glorious Revolution of 1688. It continued to influence legal and political developments in England.

1759
Sir William Blackstone publishes critical edition of Magna Carta

In 1759, Sir William Blackstone published a critical edition of the 1215 Magna Carta, introducing the numbering system still in use today, highlighting the document's significance in legal history.

1763
Arrest of John Wilkes and citation of Magna Carta

In 1763, Member of Parliament John Wilkes was arrested for writing an inflammatory pamphlet and cited Magna Carta in his defense, leading to a debate on the document's relevance in contemporary politics.

1829
Repeal of Clause 26 of Magna Carta

In 1829, clause 26 of Magna Carta was repealed for the first time by the Offences Against the Person Act 1828, marking the beginning of the repeal of obsolete clauses.

1863
Repeal of Most Clauses of Magna Carta

The Statute Law Revision Act 1863 led to the repeal of most clauses of Magna Carta in England and Wales, leaving only a few clauses still in force.

1881
Reprinting of Magna Carta in New Zealand

In 1881, the Magna Carta was reprinted in New Zealand as one of the Imperial Acts in force there, with Clause 29 of the document remaining in force as part of New Zealand law.

1898
Formation of the Baronial Order of Magna Charta

The Baronial Order of Magna Charta was established in 1898 to promote the ancient principles and values embodied in Magna Carta.

1899
Frederic William Maitland's Academic History

In 1899, Frederic William Maitland provided an alternative academic history of Magna Carta, returning it to its historical context and challenging previous interpretations that glorified the charter's role.

1904
Edward Jenks's Article 'The Myth of Magna Carta'

In 1904, Edward Jenks published an article questioning the traditional view of Magna Carta, suggesting that the myth of its universal liberty had been largely invented by Edward Coke in the 17th century.

1922
Formation of the Magna Carta Society

The Magna Carta Society was founded in 1922 by legal professionals from England and the United States to protect the meadows at Runnymede from development.

1930
Sellar and Yeatman's '1066 and All That'

In 1930, Sellar and Yeatman published '1066 and All That', a parody on English history that satirized the exaggerated importance of Magna Carta and its impact on democracy.

1956
Lord Denning's Description of Magna Carta

In 1956, Lord Denning referred to Magna Carta as 'the greatest constitutional document of all times', highlighting its role in protecting individual freedoms against authoritarian rule.

1957
Erection of the Magna Carta Memorial at Runnymede

In 1957, the American Bar Association erected the Magna Carta Memorial at Runnymede, emphasizing the significance of Magna Carta in legal history.

1965
J.C. Holt's 750th Anniversary Essay: The Making of Magna Carta

J.C. Holt's essay from 1965, commemorating the 750th anniversary of Magna Carta, offers a concise introduction to the historical context, key figures, and events surrounding the creation of the document in 1215.

1972
Magna Carta and the Idea of Liberty: Edited Collection

The 1972 edited collection features excerpts from significant historical works discussing Magna Carta, along with essays by prominent 20th-century historians. It explores the enduring influence and implications of Magna Carta on the concept of liberty.

1976
UK Loan of Magna Carta to the United States

In 1976, the UK lent one of the four surviving originals of the 1215 Magna Carta to the United States for their bicentennial celebrations, further strengthening the historical ties between the two nations.

1985
Magna Carta and Medieval Government

Published in 1985, this work by J.C. Holt became a leading treatise on the origins of Magna Carta in the late 20th century. It delves into the medieval governance structures that influenced the creation of the historic document.

1992
Magna Carta: 2nd Edition

The 1992 2nd edition of J.C. Holt's work titled Magna Carta provides a comprehensive analysis of the historical context and significance of the document. It includes supplementary essays, original text transcriptions, and translations from the four surviving 1215 copies.

2008
YouGov Survey on Magna Carta

A 2008 survey by YouGov revealed that 45% of British people were unaware of what the Magna Carta was, showcasing a lack of knowledge about this historical document among the population.

2012
Occupy London Protestors' Use of Magna Carta

In 2012, Occupy London protestors attempted to use Magna Carta in their defense against eviction, demonstrating the enduring symbolic value of the charter in legal disputes.

2014
800th Anniversary Celebration of Barons' Charter of Liberties

In 2014, Bury St Edmunds in Suffolk celebrated the 800th anniversary of the barons' Charter of Liberties, which was said to have been secretly agreed upon there in November 1214.

2015-06-15
800th Anniversary Celebration of Magna Carta

The 800th anniversary of the original Magna Carta occurred on 15 June 2015, with celebratory events and exhibitions held by various organizations and institutions. Commemoration ceremonies were conducted in Runnymede and Google even featured a Google Doodle for the occasion.

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Magna Carta

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Magna Carta

Historic royal charter of rights in England
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