The Scientific Revolution (1500-1700) marked a shift in scientific thinking, introducing the scientific method and new technologies like the telescope.
On May 24, 1543, Copernicus, the astronomer who proposed the heliocentric model of the universe, passed away.
Tycho Brahe, a Danish nobleman known for his accurate astronomical observations and instruments, was born in 1546. His contributions to the field of astronomy played a significant role in the Scientific Revolution.
Francis Bacon, born in 1561, introduced a new radical approach to knowledge by proposing a scientific method based on observation and reasoning. He emphasized the importance of rigorous experimentation to challenge and test old accepted knowledge, aiming to enhance human understanding of the universe.
Galileo Galilei, a prominent Italian scientist, astronomer, and philosopher, made significant contributions to the field of physics and astronomy, challenging the existing beliefs of his time.
Hans Lippershey, a spectacle-maker from the Netherlands, is credited with inventing the microscope around 1570. This invention revolutionized the way we observe and understand the microscopic world.
German astronomer Johannes Kepler, known for his laws of planetary motion and advancements in astronomy, was born in 1571. Kepler's work built upon the heliocentric model proposed by Copernicus during the Scientific Revolution.
Tycho Brahe first observes a new star or supernova in the Cassiopeia constellation on November 11, 1572.
Tycho Brahe publishes his research on the 1572 supernova in his work De Nova Stella in 1573.
The Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe publishes his Tychonic model of the cosmos in his book Of More Recent Phenomena of the Ethereal World in 1588.
René Descartes, a doubter of the new scientific instruments and experimentation, was born on March 31, 1596. He questioned the value of practical experimenters' work and contributed to the division between philosophy and science.
William Gilbert shares his discoveries from experiments with magnets in his publication On the Magnet.
Johannes Kepler introduces his theory about light being concentrated by the lens onto the retina in his work Supplement to Witelo.
Francis Bacon releases The Advancement of Learning, the initial installment in a series of writings outlining his scientific methodology.
Galileo Galilei creates a revolutionary telescope with enhanced capabilities.
In 1609, Johannes Kepler announced two new planetary laws which stated that planets travel around the Sun in elliptical orbits and that a line drawn from the planet to the Sun always sweeps out equal areas in equal times. These laws challenged the Copernican system and abandoned the idea of uniform circular motion of planets.
In 1610, Galileo Galilei used the telescope to make groundbreaking observations that contradicted traditional cosmological assumptions. He observed the jagged and mountainous surface of the Moon, discovered that Earthshine on the Moon revealed Earth shines by reflected light, and observed satellites around Jupiter, challenging the geocentric model of the universe.
In 1618, Johannes Kepler stated his third law which stated that the square of the period in which a planet orbits the Sun is proportional to the cube of its mean distance from the Sun. This law was part of Kepler's efforts to understand the harmonies of planetary motions.
Johannes Kepler writes Dioptrics, a treatise on optics specifically for astronomical telescopes, contributing to the advancement of telescope technology.
Francis Bacon introduced the inductive method as a key element of his scientific revolution, emphasizing the idea that knowledge is power. This method laid the foundation for future scientific advancements.
Francis Bacon publishes Novum Organum, a work that lays down the foundations of the scientific method and advocates for empirical observation and experimentation.
New Atlantis, a work by Francis Bacon, presents a utopian society where his scientific method is implemented.
In 1628, William Harvey published his groundbreaking findings on blood circulation, explaining how the heart propels blood through the body. His discoveries revolutionized the understanding of the circulatory system and had a profound impact on the future of medicine.
In 1633, Galileo Galilei was found guilty of heresy by the Catholic Holy Office for his support of the heliocentric model and was forced to denounce his own work. This event highlighted the conflict between science and religion during the Scientific Revolution.
Galileo's work, Discourse on Two New Sciences, is released.
Johannes Hevelius establishes the Stellaeburg observatory in Danzig, Poland.
Blaise Pascal creates a calculating machine.
Evangelista Torricelli, an Italian scientist, invented the barometer in 1643, which helped scientists understand atmospheric pressure.
Johannes Hevelius' book Selenographia, which includes his map of the Moon, is published.
On January 30, 1649, the brilliant scientist Galileo Galilei passed away.
Around 1650, the liquid thermometer was invented in Florence, transforming medicine by allowing doctors to accurately measure a patient's temperature.
Blaise Pascal conducts practical tests of a barometer at different altitudes to study atmospheric pressure.
Christiaan Huygens, a Dutchman, invented the first working model of the pendulum clock in 1657. This invention revolutionized timekeeping by using the regularity of the pendulum's swing to control the falling of a weight, leading to much more accurate time measurement.
Christiaan Huygens creates the first functional pendulum clock, revolutionizing timekeeping.
Christiaan Huygens presents his discovery of Saturn's rings and its moon Titan, expanding our knowledge of the solar system.
In 1660, the Royal Society was established, marking the institutionalization of the sciences and the promotion of research and innovation in various scientific fields.
Robert Boyle releases a groundbreaking work on the properties of air and its effects.
Blaise Pascal, a Frenchman, used a barometer to show that air pressure changes with altitude.
The Royal Society was founded in London in 1663, following the principles of Francis Bacon, to promote scientific method, data sharing, and communication among scientists.
Marcello Malpighi shares his discovery of capillaries in the human circulatory system in his work 'On the Lungs'.
Isaac Newton's 'year of wonder' is marked by numerous significant scientific discoveries.
Robert Hooke's Micrographia showcases detailed images of flora and fauna under magnification using a microscope.
The Royal Academy of Sciences in Paris was established in 1667, becoming a significant scientific institution in Europe for research, collaboration, and dissemination of scientific knowledge.
Isaac Newton conducts optical experiments and discovers that white light is actually composed of a spectrum of colored light.
Isaac Newton designs and constructs the first reflective telescope for the Royal Society in England.
The term 'experimental method' is used in English for the first time.
In 1677, Christiaan Huygens created the first functional chronometer using a balance spring, a significant advancement in timekeeping technology.
In 1679, Edmond Halley set up an observatory on the island of St. Helena to take astronomical readings, contributing to the advancement of observational astronomy.
In 1686, Edmond Halley compared astronomical data with Johannes Hevelius in Danzig, possibly leading to collaborative efforts and advancements in astronomy.
In 1687, Isaac Newton published Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, a groundbreaking work in the field of physics that introduced the laws of motion and universal gravitation.
In 1690, Isaac Newton published his groundbreaking work 'Principia' which introduced his laws of motion and the universal law of gravity, revolutionizing the field of physics.
The Berlin Academy was established in 1700, contributing to the growing network of scientific institutions across Europe that facilitated collaboration, communication, and advancement of scientific knowledge.
In 1703, Isaac Newton became the President of the Royal Society. His publication of 'Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy' laid the groundwork for classical mechanics and introduced revolutionary laws of motion and gravitation.
In 1704, Isaac Newton published Opticks, a work focusing on the nature of light and color, discussing topics such as reflection, refraction, and diffraction.
In 1705, Isaac Newton published his discoveries on light in his work 'Optics'.
In 1714, German scientist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit created the Fahrenheit scale for thermometers, which was a significant advancement in standardizing temperature measurements.
The St. Petersburg Academy was founded in 1724, further expanding the international network of scientific societies that promoted scientific exchange, research, and public engagement.
In 1727, Isaac Newton, a key figure in the development of scientific methodology and experimentation, passed away. His contributions during the Scientific Revolution era significantly influenced the progress of science and laid the groundwork for modern scientific principles.
In 1961, E. J. Dijksterhuis published 'The Mechanization of the World', a significant work in the history of science discussing the impact of mechanization on society.
David C. Lindberg and Robert S. Westman edited a book in 1990 titled 'Reappraisals of the Scientific Revolution' which provides new perspectives on the historical period of scientific revolution.
Steven Shapin's book delves into the Scientific Revolution, focusing on its impact and significance.
A book titled 'Rethinking the Scientific Revolution' was published in 2000 by Margaret Osler, exploring new perspectives on the Scientific Revolution.
William E. Burns authored 'The Scientific Revolution' in 2001, focusing on the significant period of scientific advancements.
In 2006, Stephen Gaukroger published 'The Emergence of a Scientific Culture: Science and the Shaping of Modernity' in Oxford. This work likely explored the development of a scientific culture and its impact on modernity from 1210 to 1685.
The rise of the new science, also known as the scientific revolution, is discussed in Henry's work from 2008.
The book 'Scientific Revolution' authored by Mark Cartwright was published on November 8, 2023, providing insights into the significant period of scientific advancements in history.