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Last Updated:
2024-09-22 08:21:10

Nord Stream

Offshore gas pipelines from Russia to Germany
Offshore gas pipelines from Russia to Germany

Nord Stream is a network of offshore natural gas pipelines under the Baltic Sea, consisting of Nord Stream 1 and Nord Stream 2. It bypasses Ukraine and Poland to deliver Russian gas directly to Western Europe. Nord Stream 2 faced delays due to political tensions.

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1997
Joint Venture North Transgas

Gazprom and Finland's Neste established a joint venture named North Transgas to explore the route from Finland to Germany for the Baltic Sea pipeline.

2003
UK-Russia Bilateral Energy Pact

In 2003, the UK and Russia signed a bilateral energy pact which included plans for the extension of pipelines through Germany and the Netherlands, across the North Sea.

2005
Signing of Nord Stream 1 deal by Gerhard Schröder

Former Chancellor Gerhard Schröder signed the deal creating the Nord Stream 1 project in 2005, one of his last acts in office. He later became chairman of the company behind the project and took directorial positions in Russian energy companies.

2006
Founding of Nord Stream Headquarters in Zug, Switzerland

In the summer of 2006, a group of employees gathered in Zug, Switzerland to establish the Nord Stream headquarters. They faced challenges such as leasing office space, legal setup, and work permits before initiating the pipeline construction.

2011-11-08
Inauguration of Nord Stream System in Lubmin

On 8 November 2011, European leaders gathered in Lubmin to ceremoniously inaugurate the Nord Stream system, despite opposition from Central Europeans and concerns raised by Scandinavians about environmental risks.

2012
Completion of Nord Stream Project

After six years of hard work, the Nord Stream project was finalized in 2012. It aimed to provide Europe with a stable supply of Russian natural gas for the next five decades, setting a new benchmark for successful project execution.

2017
Kvaerner awarded $73m contract for Nord Stream onshore facilities

Kvaerner was awarded a contract worth $73m in 2017 for the civil, mechanical, and piping works for onshore facilities at the export landfall of the Nord Stream pipeline in Russia.

2018-08
Nord Stream construction approvals received

Nord Stream project received construction approvals from Russia, Sweden, Finland, and Germany in August 2018.

2018-09
Offshore construction works for Nord Stream pipeline started in Gulf of Finland

The offshore construction works for the Nord Stream pipeline started in the Gulf of Finland, with the use of the pipe-laying vessel Solitaire in September 2018.

2019-12
Allseas suspends work on Nord Stream 2 project

Swiss-Dutch deep-sea pipe-laying company Allseas suspended work on the Nord Stream 2 project in December 2019 following sanctions announced by the US on companies engaged in the project.

2021-01
Gazprom restarts construction on Nord Stream 2 with Fortuna vessel

Gazprom restarted construction using Russia's own pipe-laying vessel Fortuna in January 2021 and completed the pending 160km stretch in Danish waters as well as works on pipeline endpoints in Russia and Germany in September 2021.

2022-02-06
Joe Biden's Warning on Nord Stream 2

On February 6, 2022, American president Joe Biden issued a warning during a joint news conference with German chancellor Olaf Scholz regarding the Nord Stream 2 pipeline, stating that if Russia invades Ukraine again, the project will be terminated.

2022-02-07
Chancellor Scholz's response to US questions on Nord Stream 2

During a press conference in the US, Chancellor Scholz affirmed unity between the US and Germany regarding the Nord Stream 2 project. President Biden stated that the project would end if Russia invaded Ukraine.

2022-02-15
Nord Stream explosions

Russia clashed with the United States and other Western nations over the Kremlin’s call for a U.N. investigation of last September’s sabotage of the Nord Stream 1 and 2 gas pipelines from Russia to Western Europe.

2022-02-22
Germany Withholds Opening Permission for Nord Stream 2

Germany refused to grant opening permission for Nord Stream 2 on February 22, 2022, due to Russia's actions in recognizing Ukrainian separatist regions as independent. This decision was made in alignment with a warning issued by the US president.

2022-02-24
Germany withdraws permission for Nord Stream 2

After Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, Germany revoked its approval for the Nord Stream 2 pipeline, which was not yet operational.

2022-02-27
Announcement of LNG terminals construction by Chancellor Scholz

In response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine and global gas supply crises, Chancellor Scholz announced the construction of two LNG terminals in Germany for seaborne imports. This decision aimed to reduce dependency on Russian gas.

2022-03-02
End of Business Operations for Nord Stream 2 AG

Nord Stream 2 AG, a Gazprom subsidiary, ended its business operations and laid off all staff members on March 2, 2022, due to international sanctions. Reports of bankruptcy were denied.

2022-08-31
Gazprom Halts Delivery for Nord Stream 1

Gazprom stopped gas delivery through Nord Stream 1 on August 31, 2022, citing maintenance reasons. This move impacted the natural gas supply to Western Europe.

2022-09-02
Gazprom halts gas flows through Nord Stream 1

Gazprom stopped the gas flow through Nord Stream 1 in September 2022 due to issues related to European sanctions imposed on Russia following the conflict in Ukraine.

2022-09-23
Explosions damage Nord Stream 1 and Nord Stream 2

Both Nord Stream 1 and Nord Stream 2 were hit by explosions in September 2022, rendering them inoperable and causing significant gas leaks. The blasts were speculated to be the worst methane release in history, with unclear environmental damage.

2022-09-26
Rupture in Nord Stream 1 and 2 due to Sabotage

A severe drop in pressure in both Nord Stream 1 and Nord Stream 2 on September 26, 2022, was associated with a rupture in both pipes caused by sabotage.

2022-09-28
Leak from Nord Stream 2

A leak from the Nord Stream 2 pipeline was observed on September 28, 2022, as depicted in a picture provided by the Swedish Coast Guard. The pipeline is part of the infrastructure that transports natural gas from Russia to Europe under the Baltic Sea.

2023-02-21
Nord Stream explosions

Russia clashed with the United States and other Western nations over the Kremlin’s call for a U.N. investigation of last September’s sabotage of the Nord Stream 1 and 2 gas pipelines from Russia to Western Europe.

2023-03-27
U.N. Security Council declines Russian request

On March 27, 2023, the U.N. Security Council rejected a Russian appeal to investigate explosions that occurred on the Nord Stream pipelines, which are crucial for transporting Russian natural gas to Europe. The request was related to incidents on Nord Stream 1 and Nord Stream 2, both primarily owned by Russia's Gazprom.

2023-06-06
European Ally Warns US of Ukrainian Plot to Attack Nord Stream Pipelines

On June 6, 2023, a European ally provided intelligence to the US, revealing a Ukrainian military plan to attack the Nord Stream natural gas pipelines. The attack was reportedly put on hold, with Ukraine's commander in chief taking charge to keep the operation secret from President Zelensky.

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Nord Stream
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