The Human Genome Initiative (HGI) was a significant project aimed at advancing research and understanding of the human genome.

In 1974, the gene mapping technique of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was developed during the search for the breast cancer gene. This technique played a crucial role in the larger effort of mapping the human genome.

In 1977, legislation was enacted to enable the Genome Project, laying the legal foundation for future genomic research initiatives. This legislative milestone was pivotal in shaping the landscape of genomics.

In 1983, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) commenced the production of DNA clone libraries that represented individual chromosomes. This marked a crucial milestone in the development of genomic research.

The Alta Summit in December 1984 marked the beginning of the Human Genome Project, laying the foundation for the groundbreaking research that followed.

In May 1985, a workshop was organized at the University of California, Santa Cruz, to discuss the feasibility of building a systematic reference genome using gene sequencing technologies, laying the groundwork for the Human Genome Project.

Mark Bitensky wrote a letter to Charles DeLisi summarizing the March 1986 Santa Fe meeting on April 2, 1986.

Alvin Trivelpiece sent a letter to Mortimer Mendelsohn along with several supporting documents on May 22, 1986.

A meeting focusing on the molecular biology of Homo Sapiens held at Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology in New York.

An article by Charles DeLisi published in Nature on October 16, 2008, discussing the significance of the Santa Fe 1986 meeting in the context of the Human Genome Project.

On April 2, 1987, the Department of Energy's advisory committee, HERAC, recommended a 15-year scientific and technological undertaking to map and sequence the human genome, leading to the establishment of multidisciplinary human genome centers.

On December 13, 1987, an article in the New York Times Magazine discussed the Genome Project, highlighting its significance and implications in the realm of genetics and biotechnology.

In February 1988, NIH Director James Wyngaarden gathers scientists, administrators, and science policy experts in Reston, Virginia, to establish a roadmap for the Human Genome Project.

On August 15, 1988, a program advisory committee on the human genome is formed to provide guidance to the National Institutes of Health regarding genomic analysis research.

The Office for Human Genome Research is established within the National Institutes of Health's Office of the Director on October 1, 1988. Additionally, a memorandum of understanding is signed between NIH and the Department of Energy to coordinate human genome-related research and technical activities.

The program advisory committee on the human genome convenes for its inaugural meeting on January 3-4, 1989, in Bethesda, Md.

On September 29, 1989, articles discussing new strategies for genome mapping were published, providing insights into the evolving field of genetics.

In 1989, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) establishes the National Center for Human Genome Research (NCHGR) to lead the NIH component of the Human Genome Project. James D. Watson, known for co-discovering the double helical structure of DNA, becomes the center's first director.

The first DOE Human Genome Program Contractor-Grantee Workshop took place in Santa Fe, NM on November 3–4, 1989, bringing together key stakeholders in the project.

In April 1990, Charles Cantor and J.D. Watson published articles in Science discussing the orchestration and future of the Human Genome Project.

On May 18, 1990, Science reported that the genetic map progress was back on track after delays.

In October 1990, the Human Genome Project officially starts with the goal of mapping the human genome, sequencing its 3.2 billion letters, and developing DNA analysis technology.

The National Advisory Council for Human Genome Research meets for the first time on January 22, 1991, in Bethesda, MD.

The DOE Human Genome Program Contractor-Grantee Workshop II took place in Santa Fe, NM, from February 17 to 20, 1991, facilitating collaboration and progress in genomic research.

In June 1991, ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tags) were first proposed as a valuable method to identify genes in the genome, as detailed in the publication by M.D. Adams et al. in Science.

In April 1992, James D. Watson resigns as the first director of the National Center for Human Genome Research (NCHGR). Michael Gottesman is appointed as the acting director.

On October 2, 1992, the NIH/CEPH Collaborative Mapping Group released a comprehensive genetic linkage map of the human genome in the journal Science, contributing significantly to genetic mapping efforts.

In December 1992, the Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) announced guidelines for data release and resource sharing.

The DOE Human Genome Program Contractor-Grantee Workshop III took place in Santa Fe, New Mexico from February 7 to 10, 1993.

On April 4, 1993, NIH Director Bernadine Healy appoints Francis S. Collins as director of NCHGR. Collins had previously led groundbreaking research in identifying genes responsible for various genetic disorders.

The concept of Sequencing by Hybridization (SBH) was validated through the publication 'DNA sequence determination by hybridization: A strategy for efficient large-scale sequencing' in Science journal.

On October 1, 1993, the Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) issued revised 5-year goals related to the Human Genome Project.

The completion of a comprehensive human linkage map with centimorgan density as published in Science by J.C. Murray et al.

The workshop held in Santa Fe, NM where the 5-year genetic-mapping goal was achieved ahead of schedule and a detailed human genetic map was completed.

The first nonviral whole genome sequence was announced in May for the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae, marking a significant milestone in genomics.

A moderate-resolution map of chromosome 11 was published, contributing to the understanding of the genetic composition of this chromosome.

LANL announced a high-resolution physical map of chromosome 16, providing detailed information about the genetic material on this specific chromosome.

In October 1995, the completion of the genome sequence of the smallest bacterium, Mycoplasma genitalium, was announced, offering insights into the minimal gene requirements for independent survival.

On November 15, 1995, the National Center for Human Genome Research celebrates its 5th anniversary and establishes the James D. Watson Lecture.

A physical map containing over 15,000 STS markers was published in Science journal on December 22, 1995, contributing to the advancement of genomic research.

The Wellcome Trust sponsored a large-scale sequencing strategy meeting for international coordination of human genome sequencing, where policies for sequence data release were established.

Human DNA sequencing begins with pilot studies at six universities in the United States on April 11, 1996.

NHGRI organized a workshop focusing on DNA Sequence Validation, aiming to enhance the accuracy and reliability of genetic sequencing.

An international team completes the DNA sequence of the first eukaryotic genome, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or common brewer's yeast, on April 24, 1996.

The sequence of the human T-cell receptor region was finalized, marking a significant milestone in genetic research.

The genome sequence of Methanococcus jannaschii was revealed, confirming the existence of a third major branch of life on Earth.

From February 27 to March 2, 1997, the second large-scale sequencing strategy meeting was held in Bermuda, with a meeting summary available.

On May 29, 1997, the genome sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) was completed by an international consortium and published in Nature 387, 459–62.

On July 1, 1997, a high-resolution physical map of chromosome 7 was completed and published in Genome Research 7, 673–92.

On September 5, 1997, the genome sequence of Escherichia coli was completed and published in Science 277(5331), 1453–62.

From November 9 to 13, 1997, the 1997 DOE Human Genome Program Contractor-Grantee Workshop VI took place in Santa Fe, NM.

In November 1997, UNESCO adopted the Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights.

The largest-ever ELSI (Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications) meeting, attended by over 800 individuals from diverse disciplines, was sponsored by the DOE, the Whitehead Institute, and the American Society of Law, Medicine, and Ethics on April 23-24, 1998.

Celera Genomics was established to sequence a significant portion of the human genome in 3 years using resources generated by the Human Genome Project, as detailed in Science.

The sequencing of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium was completed on June 11, 1998, as reported in Nature.

On October 23, 1998, Science publishes the new NIH-DOE five-year plan for the Human Genome Project. The plan anticipates completing human genome sequencing by 2003, two years earlier than scheduled, and emphasizes the importance of generating a 'working draft' by 2001.

On December 11, 1998, the genome sequence of Caenorhabditis elegans was completed as published in Science 282(5396), 2011.

From January 12 to 16, 1999, the 1999 DOE Human Genome Program Contractor-Grantee Workshop VII took place in Oakland, California.

In May 1999, the Human Genome Project set an advanced goal to obtain a draft sequence of the entire human genome by 2000.

On November 12, 1999, the National Human Genome Research Institute hosts the first annual Consumer Day conference to educate about the impact of the Human Genome Project.

On November 23, 1999, Bruce Alberts, Francis Collins, Donna Shalala, and Bill Richardson celebrated the completion of the first third of the human genome during The Billion Base Pair Celebration.

Human chromosome 22 was published, marking the first completely sequenced human chromosome.

President Clinton signed an executive order prohibiting federal departments and agencies from using genetic information in hiring or promoting workers.

The 2000 DOE Human Genome Program Contractor-Grantee Workshop VIII took place in Santa Fe, NM.

International collaborators published the genome of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster.

The U.S. Human Genome Project reached a milestone by completing two-thirds of the genome, marking the sequencing of the 2 billionth base.

From April 3-6, 2000, the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Rare Disease Research, and the Don and Linda Carter Foundation sponsor the first NIH Conference on Holoprosencephaly.

Researchers from the Department of Energy (DOE) announced the completion of draft sequences for chromosomes 5, 16, and 19.

Human chromosome 21, the smallest human chromosome and the second to be fully sequenced, was published in the journal Nature.

On June 26, 2000, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium declares the completion of a working draft of the human genome sequence. President Bill Clinton hosts a ceremony at the White House to reveal this significant achievement, bringing together various dignitaries, scientists, and advocates.

On July 7, 2000, the UCSC Genome Bioinformatics Group released the first working draft of the human genome on the web, allowing free and unrestricted access to the scientific community.

In August 2000, scientists discover a genetic 'signature' that may help explain how malignant melanoma can spread to other parts of the body, as reported in the August 3 issue of Nature.

On November 9, 2000, the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) hosts the second annual 'Consumer Day'.

From January 16-18, 2001, a conference sponsored by The National Human Genome Research Institute and the Department of Energy celebrates a decade of research and considers its impact on genetic research, health, and policy.

The International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium announces the publication of a draft sequence and initial analysis of the human genome in the journal Nature. The draft provides valuable information such as the estimated number of human genes and the similarity of DNA sequences among individuals.

Pieter de Jong's team at Oakland Children's Hospital in 2013 played a significant role by providing BAC libraries for sequencing the human genome and other genomes.

Special issues of Science and Nature were published on February 16, 2001, focusing on the human genome sequence. The publications provided insights into the draft sequences generated by both publicly sponsored Human Genome Project and private company Celera Genomics.

In February 2001, National Human Genome Research Institute scientists develop a gene test that differentiates hereditary from sporadic types of breast cancer, as reported in The New England Journal of Medicine.

From November 9-11, 2001, The National Human Genome Research Institute co-sponsors The Human Genome Project Conference focusing on the challenges and impact of human genome research for minority communities. The event is held in collaboration with various organizations.

The publication of human chromosome 20 in the journal Nature on December 20, 2001, provided valuable insights into the genetic makeup of humans. The research findings were also referenced in the HGN article.

An international consortium led by the DOE Joint Genome Institute published the draft sequence of Fugu rubripes in the journal Science. This publication marked a significant advancement in genomics research.

The Mouse Genome Sequencing Consortium published its draft mouse genome sequence in the journal Nature on December 5, 2002.

The publication of Human Chromosome 14 in the journal Nature on January 10, 2003, marking the fourth chromosome to be completely sequenced.

In April 2003, a special issue of Science titled 'Building on the DNA Revolution' was published, summarizing key aspects of the Human Genome Project and its impact on biological research.

The Human Genome Project was officially declared complete on April 14, 2003, after successfully identifying, mapping, and sequencing all the genes of the human genome.

The Human Genome Project was officially declared finished with corresponding papers published in Nature on April 24, 2003, and Science on April 11, 2003.

The publication of Human Chromosome Y in the journal Nature on June 19, 2003.

The publication of Human Chromosome 7 in the journal Nature on July 10, 2003.

On October 14, 2003, the U.S. Senate passed the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2003, preventing the use of genetic information by health insurers and employers for discriminatory purposes.

The publication of Human Chromosome 6 in the journal Nature on October 23, 2003.

On November 7, 2003, NHGRI announced the selection of five centers to conduct large-scale sequencing projects, aiming to expand understanding of human health and disease.

In December 2003, NHGRI established a new branch - the Social and Behavioral Research Branch - within its Division of Intramural Research.

On December 10, 2003, NHGRI announced the first draft version of the chimpanzee genome sequence and its alignment with the human genome.

The International HapMap Consortium publishes a paper outlining the scientific rationale and strategy for creating a map of human genetic variation.

The National Human Genome Research Institute announces the deposition of the first draft version of the honey bee genome sequence into free public databases.

Scientists successfully create transgenic animals using sperm that was genetically modified and grown in a laboratory dish, with implications for various research fields.

The Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center expands its efforts to provide free services to Spanish-speaking healthcare workers, patients, and families.

The National Human Genome Research Institute's Large-Scale Sequencing Research Network announces the sequencing of the genome of the gray short-tailed South American opossum to further understanding of the human genome.

The National Human Genome Research Institute announces the deposition of the first draft version of the chicken genome sequence into free public databases.

The publication of human chromosome 18 in Nature contributed to the ongoing efforts to map the human genome. This publication provided valuable genetic information about humans.

Scientists find variants in a gene that may predispose individuals to type 2 diabetes, the most common form of the disease.

The International Sequencing Consortium launches a free online resource providing information on sequencing projects for animal, plant, and eukaryotic genomes.

The International Rat Genome Sequencing Project Consortium announces the publication of a high-quality draft sequence of the rat genome.

The publication of human chromosome 19 in Nature contributed to the comprehensive mapping of the human genome. This publication enhanced the understanding of genetic variations in humans.

A landmark paper titled 'Human genome: Quality assessment of the human genome sequence' was published in Nature, highlighting the importance of assessing the quality of the human genome sequence. This publication added to the advancements in genomic research.

The National Human Genome Research Institute and the Australian Genome Research Facility announce a partnership to sequence the genome of the tammar wallaby, a member of the kangaroo family.

The National Human Genome Research Institute establishes two new Centers of Excellence in Genomic Science at Harvard Medical School and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.

The National Human Genome Research Institute announces the deposition of the first draft version of the dog genome sequence into free public databases.

The National Human Genome Research Institute launches the NHGRI Policy and Legislative Database, providing information on laws and policies related to genetic issues.

Researchers discover a possible inherited component for lung cancer, a disease typically associated with external causes like smoking.

The National Human Genome Research Institute's Large-Scale Sequencing Research Network announces a comprehensive strategic plan to sequence 18 additional organisms to aid in interpreting the human genome.

The National Human Genome Research Institute establishes four interdisciplinary Centers for Excellence to address ethical, legal, and social questions related to genetic and genomic research.

The publication of the human chromosome 5 in Nature provided valuable insights into the genetic makeup of humans. This significant milestone contributed to the overall understanding of the human genome.

The National Human Genome Research Institute announces the deposition of the first draft version of the bovine genome sequence into public databases.

The National Human Genome Research Institute awards over $38 million in grants to develop new sequencing technologies for genome sequencing goals.

Two medical geneticists from the National Human Genome Research Institute are elected to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies.

On October 20, 2004, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium publishes its scientific description of the finished human genome sequence. This publication represents the culmination of years of research and collaboration in decoding the human genome.

A landmark paper describing the completion of the human genome sequence was published, leading to a change in the estimated number of human genes to 20,000 to 25,000. The paper titled 'Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome' by the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium was published in Nature.

The ENCODE Consortium publishes a paper outlining its strategy to create a comprehensive catalog of functional parts of the human genome.

The National Human Genome Research Institute collaborates to launch a free program for recording family health information to identify common diseases.

The National Human Genome Research Institute and the International Chicken Genome Sequencing Consortium publish an analysis comparing the chicken and human genomes.

The publication of the human chromosome 16 in Nature journal on December 23, 2004.

NHGRI establishes an Office of Ethics and appoints Barbara Fuller as Deputy Ethics Counselor.

The National Institutes of Health conducts the first comprehensive analysis of the human X chromosome sequence, providing new insights into sex chromosome evolution.

The publication of the human chromosome X in Nature journal on March 17, 2005.

The publication of the human chromosome 4 in Nature journal on April 7, 2005.

NHGRI awards grants exceeding $32 million to advance innovative sequencing technologies for genomics in research and healthcare.

NHGRI-led research team finds experimental anti-cancer drugs promising for treating a genetic disorder causing premature aging.

The first comprehensive comparison reveals 96% genetic identity between humans and chimpanzees.

The National Institutes of Health announces contracts providing researchers access to knockout mice collections for studying human diseases.

The International HapMap Consortium publishes a comprehensive catalog of human genetic variation, accelerating the search for genes involved in common diseases.

The publication of the human chromosome 8 in Nature journal on January 19, 2006.

The publication of the human chromosome 12 in Nature journal on March 16, 2006.

The publication of human chromosome 11 in March 2006 was documented in Nature journal. This publication likely detailed the sequencing and analysis of chromosome 11 in the human genome.

In March 2006, the publication of human chromosome 15 was released in Nature journal. This publication likely presented the sequencing and analysis of chromosome 15 in the human genome.

The publication of human chromosome 17 in April 2006 was documented in Nature journal. This publication likely detailed the sequencing and analysis of chromosome 17 in the human genome.

In April 2006, the publication of human chromosome 3 was released in Nature journal. This publication likely presented the sequencing and analysis of chromosome 3 in the human genome.

The National Human Genome Research Institute awards over $15 million in grants to support the development of innovative technologies for reducing the cost of DNA sequencing.

The National Human Genome Research Institute establishes the Genomic Healthcare Branch to facilitate the integration of genomic discoveries into healthcare, led by William Gregory Feero, M.D., Ph.D.

The National Human Genome Research Institute announces grants of $30 million to establish a new Center of Excellence in Genomic Science at the Dana Farber-Cancer Institute and continue support for the center at Stanford University.

The National Human Genome Research Institute establishes the Office of Population Genomics, led by Teri Manolio, M.D., Ph.D., to focus on population-based genomic studies.

The National Human Genome Research Institute announces grants of over $80 million to expand the ENCyclopedia Of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project, aiming to further understand the organization and function of the human genome.

The National Human Genome Research Institute establishes two new centers to address ethical, legal, and social questions in genetic and genomic research.

The NIH Intramural Sequencing Center (NISC) celebrates its 10th anniversary with a day-long symposium.

The Human Microbiome Project commenced in 2007, as documented in the paper 'The human microbiome project' published in Nature. This project focused on studying the microbial communities residing in the human body.

An international team of scientists, supported by the National Human Genome Research Institute, identifies a critical gene alteration related to lung cancer that was previously unknown.

NHGRI Director Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D., is awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in a White House Ceremony.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) officially launches the Human Microbiome Project to study the role of microorganisms in human health and disease.

An international research consortium announces the 1000 Genomes Project, aiming to sequence the genomes of at least a thousand individuals worldwide to understand human genetic variation.

Federal scientists from NIH and EPA announce a new toxicity testing agreement to enhance the safety assessment of various chemicals.

NIH establishes the NIH Intramural Center for Genomics and Health Disparities (NICGHD) to research how different populations are affected by diseases using a genomics approach.

Research organizations worldwide announce the establishment of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) to generate high-quality genomic data on various types of cancer over a decade.

A landmark paper titled 'Mapping and sequencing of structural variation from eight human genomes' was published in Nature journal. The paper focused on analyzing structural variations in human genomes.

An international team of scientists publishes the first analysis of the genome sequence of the duck-billed platypus in Nature, providing insights into early mammalian genome organization.

President Bush signs the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) into law to protect Americans from genetic information-based discrimination in health insurance and employment.

Francis S. Collins, the director of the National Human Genome Research Institute, announces his decision to step down to pursue writing projects and other professional opportunities.

RTI International shut down Genome Data Base operations, which were later transferred to Johns Hopkins University but became inaccessible.

Alan Edward Guttmacher assumes the role of Acting Director of NHGRI following Francis S. Collins' departure to explore other professional opportunities.

Researchers, including those from the NIH, develop a novel approach to identify functional regions in the human genome by examining its three-dimensional structure.

NIH researchers discover a gene that inhibits tumor growth in melanoma, a significant finding in the study of skin cancer.

The National Human Genome Research Institute launches a free online toolkit, the first product of the Consensus Measures for Phenotypes and eXposures (PhenX) initiative, to standardize research subjects' physical characteristics and environmental exposures.

The NIH initiates a $24 million program, Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases (TRND), to accelerate research in this area, with NHGRI playing a key role in its laboratory operations.

Former NHGRI Director Francis S. Collins is confirmed as the Director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) by the U.S. Senate, succeeding in managing the NIH component of the Human Genome Project.

Francis S. Collins appoints Eric D. Green as the director of the National Human Genome Research Institute, marking a significant transition within the NIH leadership.

NHGRI launches an online tool called G2C2 to help educators teach nurses and physician assistants about genetics and genomics, addressing the need for knowledge in this area.

NHGRI appoints Lawrence C. Brody as the new chief of its Genome Technology Branch, known for developing innovative methods to understand genomes.

An international research team, including NHGRI researchers, produces the first whole genome sequence of the Neanderthal genome, revealing genetic links between Neanderthals and present-day humans.

NIH and Wellcome Trust announce the H3Africa project to support genetic studies in Africa on various diseases, to be conducted by African researchers.

Daniel L. Kastner becomes the Scientific Director of NHGRI, bringing his experience from NIAMS to lead genomic research.

NIH announces awards to support the GTEx project, aiming to understand genetic variation's role in controlling gene activity and disease susceptibility.

The 1000 Genomes Project Consortium published a pilot paper titled 'A map of human genome variation from population-scale sequencing' in the journal Nature.

The U.S. justice department filed a court brief arguing that genes should not be patented as they are products of nature, following a similar ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court in June 2013.

A publication titled 'The future is bright: Reflections on the first ten years of the human genomics age' was released, marking the tenth anniversary of the publication of the draft sequence of the human genome. This milestone reflected on the progress and advancements in genomics over the past decade.

P. Paul Liu is appointed as NHGRI's Deputy Scientific Director, known for his expertise in leukemia research and leadership within NHGRI.

A ruling upheld the Myriad gene patent in cancer testing, stating that naturally occurring DNA can be patented. This decision was significant in the field of genetics and had implications for genetic testing and research.

NHGRI appoints Mark S. Guyer as Deputy Director and James C. Mullikin as permanent Director of the NIH Intramural Sequencing Center.

NHGRI proposes a reorganization plan to expand from two divisions to seven, aiming for a more structured approach in genomic research.

NHGRI collaborates with the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History to open a high-tech exhibition in 2013, celebrating the 10th anniversary of producing the first complete human genome sequence and the 60th anniversary of the discovery of DNA's double helix.

Researchers on the ENCODE Project produce a more dynamic picture of the human genome, linking over 80% of the sequence to specific biological functions and mapping more than 4 million regulatory regions, a significant advance in understanding genetic information expression.

NHGRI announces a major reorganization, dividing the institute's Extramural Research Program into four new divisions and promoting other offices to division status, accommodating broad changes in its mission.

April 14, 2013, marks the 10th anniversary of the completion of the Human Genome Project, with NHGRI and genomics field achieving significant milestones in translating genomic findings into medical advances.

The Human Genome Project celebrated its 10th anniversary since its completion.

The Smithsonian Institution opens the exhibition 'Genome: Unlocking Life's Code' to celebrate the 10th anniversary of producing the first complete human genome sequence, in collaboration with NHGRI.

NHGRI and NICHD announce awards for pilot projects to explore the use of genomic sequencing in newborn healthcare under the Genomic Sequencing and Newborn Screening Disorders research program.

NHGRI selects Lawrence C. Brody as the first director of the newly established Division of Genomics and Society, recognizing his expertise in genomics and society-related research.

NHGRI celebrates the 10th anniversary of the Social and Behavioral Research Branch, highlighting the institute's focus on social and behavioral aspects of genomics.

On May 19, 2014, NHGRI Scientific Director Daniel Kastner implemented the reorganization of NHGRI's 45 intramural investigators and research programs into nine branches, announced at the 71st meeting of the National Advisory Council for Human Genome Research.

Mark Guyer retired from federal service on July 1, 2014. Dr. Guyer played a crucial role in the Human Genome Project and various genomics programs at NHGRI.

After a 14-month engagement at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History, the Genome: Unlocking Life's Code exhibition left for a multi-city traveling exhibition starting on September 1, 2014.

On August 27, 2014, the National Institutes of Health issued the final NIH Genomic Data Sharing (GDS) policy to promote data sharing for improving health outcomes while safeguarding research participant privacy.

Robert Wildin, M.D., assumed the role of chief of NHGRI's Genomic Healthcare Branch on November 10, 2014, after a national search for leadership of the branch focused on integrating genomic discoveries into healthcare.

On January 14, 2015, Carla Easter, Ph.D., was named chief of NHGRI's Education and Community Involvement Branch to lead genomics education and outreach activities for various communities.

Representatives from the Integrative Human Microbiome Project (iHMP) presented findings at the 5th International Human Microbiome Congress on March 27, 2015, focusing on the human microbiome's role in health and disease.

On September 16, 2015, the Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) introduced the UDN Gateway, an online patient application portal, to diagnose patients with challenging conditions despite extensive clinical investigations.

October 1, 2015, marked the 25th anniversary of the Human Genome Project's launch. NHGRI commemorated this milestone with a seminar series reflecting on the project's impact over the past quarter-century.

John Ohab, Ph.D., a neuroscientist and science communicator, was appointed as chief of the Communications and Public Liaison Branch on October 16, 2015, to enhance communication efforts within NHGRI.

In May 2021, the Human Genome Project achieved the 'complete genome' level, covering about 99.7% of the genome with only 0.3% bases remaining to be addressed due to potential issues.

On March 31, 2022, the Telomere-to-Telomere (T2T) consortium announced the filling of remaining gaps in the human genome sequence, producing the first truly complete human genome sequence.

Selfie testimonials and various activities commemorating the 30th anniversary of the initiation of the Human Genome Project.