T. E. Lawrence, also known as Lawrence of Arabia, was born as Thomas Edward Lawrence in Tremadoc, North Wales. He was the second son of Thomas Chapman and Sarah Judder, who assumed the surname Lawrence.

Thomas Edward Lawrence, also known as Lawrence of Arabia, is born in Tremadog, North Wales.

In the summer of 1896, the Lawrence family moved to 2 Polstead Road in Oxford, where they resided until 1921. This period in Oxford was formative for Thomas Edward Lawrence during his upbringing.

Lawrence and his schoolfriend Cyril Beeson cycled around Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, and Oxfordshire, studying parish churches' monuments and making rubbings of their brasses. They presented their findings to the Ashmolean Museum, being praised for securing valuable antiquarian items.

Lawrence cycled 2,200 miles through France to the Mediterranean and back, researching French castles. This expedition contributed to his fascination with medieval architecture and history.

In 1909, T. E. Lawrence visited Syria and Palestine after studying at Oxford University.

In December 1910, T. E. Lawrence joined an archaeological dig in Syria, where he would stay until 1914 and learn Arabic.

Lawrence briefly worked with Flinders Petrie at Kafr Ammar in Egypt, gaining further experience in archaeological excavations and research.

In December 1914, T. E. Lawrence continued his stay in Syria, where he was involved in archaeological activities and further immersed himself in Arabic culture.

In December 1914, T. E. Lawrence was summoned by Lieutenant Commander David Hogarth to join the Arab Bureau intelligence unit in Cairo. This marked the beginning of Lawrence's involvement in military intelligence activities during World War I, where he played a crucial role in liaising with Arab leaders and advocating for British interests in the region.

In 1915, T.E. Lawrence and Sir Leonard Woolley published The Wilderness of Zin, a scholarly study resulting from their exploration in northern Sinai. The publication held both scientific and strategic value.

On May 1, 1916, T. E. Lawrence was sent to Mesopotamia for negotiations to secure the release of a British force that was surrounded by Turkish forces.

On May 30, 1916, T. E. Lawrence was awarded the Knight of the Legion of Honour by France for his contributions.

T.E. Lawrence arrived in Jeddah on October 16, 1916, describing the intense heat of Arabia as a drawn sword. This marked the beginning of his involvement in the Arab revolt against the Turks.

On the night of July 1, 1917, a Turkish force of 550 soldiers camping in Aba el Lissan was virtually wiped out by Arab forces led by Lawrence, with only two Arab casualties. The battle resulted in the path being cleared for Lawrence and his men to rush on for Aqaba.

Lawrence proposed a joint action with Arab irregulars and forces to capture the strategically located town of Aqaba on the Red Sea. The expedition led by Sharif Nasir of Medina successfully took Aqaba after a surprise overland attack.

On August 7, 1917, T. E. Lawrence was appointed as a Companion of the Order of the Bath for his services.

While reconnoitring Dera'a in disguise, Lawrence was captured by the Ottoman military, beaten, and sexually assaulted by the local bey and his guardsmen. The incident had significant psychological effects on Lawrence.

After capturing Aqaba, Lawrence and his forces continued their military campaign.

On April 16, 1918, T. E. Lawrence was awarded the Croix de guerre by France for his acts of bravery.

Lawrence was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel.

On May 10, 1918, T. E. Lawrence was appointed as a Companion of the Distinguished Service Order in recognition of his achievements.

T.E. Lawrence, an intelligence officer, played a key role in aiding the Arabian army of Hussein's son Faisal during the capture of Damascus in 1918.

On September 27, 1918, T.E. Lawrence ordered his men to give 'no quarter' to the fleeing Turks at the village of Tafas, resulting in the rebels slaughtering a retreating column of 4,000 individuals. Lawrence's actions that day were described as brutal and explicit in his battlefield report and in Seven Pillars.

Lawrence and the Arab troops marched alongside General Sir Edmund Allenby's forces when they entered Damascus on 1 October 1918, marking a significant moment in the Arab Revolt.

T. E. Lawrence, known as Lawrence of Arabia, resigned from his position in the Arab Army on 3 October 1918 in Damascus. He adopted Arab dress for practical reasons and due to his strong identification with the Arab people.

On October 30, 1918, King George V offered a knighthood to T. E. Lawrence for his services in the Arab Revolt, which Lawrence declined due to his country's betrayal of the Arabs.

During the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, Lawrence advocated for the Arab cause but was dissatisfied with the final outcome.

On 17 May 1919, Lawrence survived a plane crash in Roma-Centocelle while being taken to Egypt. The pilot and co-pilot died, but Lawrence survived with injuries.

On July 31, 1919, Lawrence was demobilized as a lieutenant colonel, marking the official end of his military service after his intense involvement in the Arab Revolt and World War I.

In 1920, Lawrence continued working on his book 'Seven Pillars of Wisdom'.

In a letter to Robert Graves on May 21, 1921, Lawrence expressed regret about his bureaucratic work at the Colonial Office, stating that he felt locked up and that sequels are rotten things.

Lawrence enlisted in the Royal Air Force under the name Ross in 1922.

In February 1923, T. E. Lawrence was forced out of the Royal Air Force after his true identity was revealed.

In August 1925, T. E. Lawrence was readmitted to the Royal Air Force after repeatedly petitioning to rejoin.

In late 1926, T. E. Lawrence was assigned to bases in Karachi and Miramshah in British India (now Pakistan) after the publication of Revolt in the Desert.

An abridged version of Seven Pillars of Wisdom, started in 1926 by T. E. Lawrence, was published in March 1927 in limited and trade editions. Lawrence undertook a publicity exercise to promote the book, which became a best-seller.

By the end of 1928, T. E. Lawrence was forced to return to Britain due to rumors of his involvement in espionage activities.

In 1930, Lawrence's hut in Chingford was removed when the land was acquired by the Chingford Urban District Council.

Private Napoleon Meek in George Bernard Shaw's 1931 play Too True to Be Good was inspired by Lawrence. Meek is depicted as conversant with the language and lifestyle of the native tribes. He repeatedly enlists with the army, quitting whenever offered a promotion.

In 1935, at the age of 46, T.E. Lawrence decided to retire from the military, which was the only 'family' he had known for 20 years. This decision filled him with uncertainty about his future.

On May 13, 1935, T. E. Lawrence was fatally injured in an accident on his Brough Superior SS100 motorcycle in Dorset, close to his cottage Clouds Hill. He swerved to avoid two boys on bicycles, lost control, and was thrown over the handlebars. He passed away six days later at the age of 46.

On May 19, 1935, T. E. Lawrence passed away at the age of 46, six days after being fatally injured in a motorcycle accident near his cottage Clouds Hill in Dorset. His funeral was attended by notable figures like Winston Churchill and E. M. Forster.

On January 29, 1936, a bronze bust of T. E. Lawrence sculpted by Eric Kennington was placed in the crypt of St Paul's Cathedral, London, among Britain's military leaders.

In 1939, a recumbent stone effigy of T. E. Lawrence sculpted by Eric Kennington was installed in St Martin's Church, Wareham, Dorset.

In 1940, Ronald Storrs likely wrote about 'Lawrence of Arabia, Zionism and Palestine', exploring the connections between T. E. Lawrence, Zionism, and Palestine.

In 1954, B. H. Liddell Hart, along with a group known as 'The Lawrence Bureau', attempted to suppress Richard Aldington's critical biography of T. E. Lawrence. Despite their efforts, the book was eventually published and received harsh criticism.

In 1955, Richard Aldington released a critical biography of T. E. Lawrence, accusing him of lying, exaggerating, and promoting misguided policies in the Middle East. Aldington's book received backlash and negative reviews from the literary community.

A book titled 'Lawrence of Arabia: The Man and the Motive' by A. Nutting was published in 1961, examining the life and motivations of Lawrence of Arabia.

The 1962 film 'Lawrence of Arabia' masterfully portrays T.E. Lawrence's journey and his struggle with divided loyalties, raising his saga to the level of Shakespearean tragedy.

In 1963, V. Ocampo published '338171 T. E. (Lawrence of Arabia)', a work that likely explores aspects of T. E. Lawrence's life or legacy.

In 1966, a book titled 'T. E. Lawrence: An Arab view' by S. Mousa was published, offering a unique perspective on T. E. Lawrence from an Arab viewpoint.

Desmond Stewart's book 'T. E. Lawrence' was published in 1977, offering insights into the life of T. E. Lawrence.

In 1982, Canadian poet Gwendolyn MacEwen published The T. E. Lawrence Poems, which relied on primary material including Seven Pillars and Lawrence's collected letters.

In 1986, the trusts related to the RAF Benevolent Fund and various projects were merged. This unified trust then obtained all the remaining rights to T. E. Lawrence's works that were not previously owned, including those of A. W. Lawrence's works.

A biography of T. E. Lawrence written by Malcolm Brown and Julia Cave in 1988.

After the death of A. W. Lawrence in 1991, the unified trust acquired all the remaining rights to T. E. Lawrence's works that it did not already possess, as well as the rights to A. W. Lawrence's works.

In 1997, Angus Calder proposed the idea that T. E. Lawrence's masochistic tendencies and self-loathing could have been a result of feeling guilty for surviving while his brothers and school friends died during World War I.

Phillip M. O’Brien published a comprehensive listing of books and articles related to T.E. Lawrence in 2000, followed by a supplement with 2,500 additional entries.

In 2002, T. E. Lawrence was ranked 53rd in the BBC's list of the 100 Greatest Britons after a UK-wide vote.

The documentary 'Lawrence of Arabia: The Battle for the Arab World' was directed by James Hawes and released on October 21, 2003.

A selection of letters related to Lawrence of Arabia compiled by Malcolm Brown in 2005.

The UK copyrights on T. E. Lawrence's works that were published during his lifetime and within 20 years of his death expired on January 1, 2006.

Lawrence's life and legend explored in Lawrence James' book published in 2008.

A book by John C. Hulsman published in 2009 focusing on Lawrence of Arabia's journey from Damascus to Baghdad.

In 2010, François Sarindar published 'Lawrence d'Arabie. Thomas Edward, cet inconnu', a work likely focusing on the enigmatic figure of T. E. Lawrence.

Jacob Rosen's article 'The Legacy of Lawrence and the New Arab Awakening' was published in 2011, likely exploring the enduring impact of T. E. Lawrence and the Arab Awakening.

Andrew Norman's book 'Lawrence of Arabia and Clouds Hill' was published in 2014, shedding light on the life of Lawrence of Arabia and his connection to Clouds Hill.

His 1922 retreat from public life forms the subject of Howard Brenton's play Lawrence After Arabia, commissioned for a 2016 premiere at the Hampstead Theatre to mark the centenary of the outbreak of the Arab Revolt.

In 2018, T. E. Lawrence was featured on a £5 coin issued by the Royal Mint as part of a six-coin set commemorating the Centenary of the First World War.

Swedish power metal band Sabaton wrote the song 'Seven Pillars Of Wisdom' about Lawrence for their 2019 album The Great War.

In 2022, a 'deleted chapter' from Seven Pillars of Wisdom reappeared. Lawrence's writing in this chapter sheds light on his involvement in the Arab front and the promises made during the Arab Revolt.

The article on T.E. Lawrence was last updated on March 21, 2024, ensuring that the information provided is current and accurate.

Works by T. E. Lawrence published more than 20 years after his death were protected either for 50 years from their publication date or until January 1, 2040, whichever came earlier.