De Stijl, meaning 'The Style' in Dutch, was an art movement promoting pure abstraction and simplicity in form and color. Founded in 1917, it included artists and architects advocating for universality through vertical and horizontal compositions with black, white, and primary colors. The movement's key figures were painters like Piet Mondrian, architects like Gerrit Rietveld, and designer Theo van Doesburg, who also published a journal to spread their ideas.
Theo van Doesburg was the founder and leader of the De Stijl movement, actively promoting it throughout Europe.
Around 1912, Piet Mondrian began experimenting with abstracted forms inspired by Cubism but aimed to move towards pure abstraction, emphasizing line, color, and geometric shape to highlight formal characteristics.
Around 1915, Theo van Doesburg met Piet Mondrian at an exhibition in Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam. This encounter eventually led to Mondrian becoming one of the founders of the De Stijl movement.
De Stijl movement influenced composer Jakob van Domselaer, who composed Proeven van Stijlkunst inspired by Mondrian's paintings, introducing revolutionary minimalistic music.
De Stijl movement was founded in Dutch in the year 1917.
Journal De Stijl was established in November 1917 as a platform for the De Stijl movement.
In 1918, architect Gerrit Thomas Rietveld designed the iconic 'Red and Blue' chair, which had a significant impact on furniture design and architectural history. The chair is now part of the Museum of Modern Art's collection.
In 1919, Gerrit Rietveld, upon becoming an architect, joined the 'De Stijl' movement. Influenced by the movement, he modified the chair's color and style to align with the movement's principles.
Composition A, painted by Piet Mondrian in 1920, exemplifies his early geometric abstraction within the De Stijl aesthetic. The work features rectilinear forms in solid colors, reflecting Mondrian's exploration of mathematical theory and a simplified visual language. Mondrian's later works would further reduce compositions to basic blocks of primary colors.
On April 29, 1921, Mondrian created the artwork 'Composition Red Blue Yellow'. The piece is a significant example of his iconic style within the De Stijl movement, showcasing his use of primary colors and geometric abstraction.
Piet Mondrian painted 'Composition with Blue, Red, Yellow, and Black' in 1922. This artwork is a significant representation of the De Stijl movement, characterized by geometric abstraction, primary colors, and horizontal and vertical lines.
The Red and Blue Chair, designed by Gerrit Rietveld in 1923, is one of the most iconic works of the De Stijl movement. It embodies the movement's design philosophy by using only primary colors and black, showcasing a unique and clearly defined construction.
In 1924, architect Rietveld completed the Rietveld Schröder House, a unique architectural building that followed the aesthetic properties of the De Stijl movement. The house featured a grand open space without walls, movable walls in each room, and utilized the iconic black and white color palette of De Stijl.
In 1926, Theo van Doesburg expressed his belief in breaking down the distinctions between visual arts and everyday objects. He emphasized the importance of a common understanding between different disciplines and called for progress by destroying traditional notions of art.
Piet Mondrian created Composition No. IV with red, blue, and yellow in 1929. This artwork is a quintessential example of De Stijl principles with its precise geometric forms and primary colors.
Piet Mondrian's Composition II in Red, Blue, and Yellow from 1930 is a significant artwork in his Composition series, showcasing his use of primary colors and non-colors in a geometric composition.
Theo van Doesburg passed away in Davos, Switzerland in 1931, leading to changes within the De Stijl group.
Van Doesburg passed away in 1932, marking the end of an era for the De Stijl movement, although his contributions continued to influence the development of art.
In 1983, the Dutch Post, PTT, honored the iconic modern art movement of De Stijl by issuing a stamp set designed by Wim Crouwel. The stamps featured minimalist typographic design and iconic works of De Stijl artists, showcasing the movement's principles in a functional and beautiful composition.
The design aesthetics of the Rumyantsevo and Salaryevo stations of Moscow Metro, opened in 2016, were inspired by the De Stijl movement.
Throughout 2017, museums, galleries, and outdoor spaces in the Netherlands marked the 100-year anniversary of the De Stijl movement in various ways, exploring different viewpoints and angles of the movement. The celebration highlighted the lasting impact of De Stijl on modern art, design, and architecture.