Qasem Soleimani, a key figure in the IRGC, led operations in the Syrian Civil War and was considered a top strategist in the Middle East. He was assassinated by the US in 2020, leading to tensions between the two countries.
Qasem Soleimani was born in 1955 in Iran's southeastern province of Kerman. He rose to prominence as the commander of the Quds Force and played a significant role in Iran's military operations.
Qassem Soleimani, the Iranian major general and commander of the Quds Force, was born in Qom, Iran. He grew up in a poor rural family and worked from a young age to help pay off the family's debt.
In 1970, Qassem Suleimani's family owed a significant amount of money to the government, indicating their status as landless peasants who struggled despite initial benefits from land reforms. This financial burden likely impacted Suleimani's early life and choices.
In 1975, Qassem Suleimani began working as a contractor for the Kerman Water Organization, showcasing his transition from manual labor to more specialized roles. This period marked a shift towards his future career in strategic military operations.
Qasem Soleimani began his revolutionary activities in 1976 through the influence of Martyr Kamyab. This marked the beginning of his involvement in revolutionary movements.
After the victory of the revolution, Qasem Soleimani joined the association of 'honorary Guardsmen' in Kerman, which was established by the father of Martyr Qazi. This marked his initial involvement with the IRGC.
In September 1980, Soleimani joined the battlefield during the Iran-Iraq War, quickly rising through the ranks due to his bravery and successful operations. He eventually became the commander of the 41st Tharallah Division and played a significant role in retaking lands occupied by Iraq.
Suleimani participated in the joint Islamic Republic of Iran Army and IRGC operation to liberate Bostan during the war with Iraq.
Suleimani took part in the operation to liberate Western parts of Dezfoul and Dehloran, and protect Andimeshk, Shoush, Dezfoul, and the Andimeshk/Ahwaz road during the war with Iraq.
Ahmad Motevasselian, who was kidnapped in Lebanon on July 5, 1982, was chosen as the head of an IRGC expeditionary force to Lebanon due to his past role in suppressing the Kurdish rebellion. This incident sheds light on the IRGC's tactics and strategies.
Suleimani was involved in the operation threatening Basra during the war with Iraq.
On July 17, 1985, Soleimani opposed the IRGC leadership's plan to deploy forces to two islands in western Arvand Rud, on the Shatt al-Arab River.
Suleimani participated in the operation to liberate Mehran during the war with Iraq.
Suleimani led the operation invading Shalamcheh and advancing toward Basra during the war with Iraq.
Suleimani's unit faced Iraqi forces using mortars with chemical agents during the advance toward Sulaymaniah.
Suleimani's division broke Iraqi encirclement attempts following the defeat of the Nasr IV operation.
Suleimani was involved in the operation aiming to conquer the Shakh-e Shemiran heights during the war with Iraq.
In 1994, a bombing took place in Buenos Aires, which was linked to Iran and Qasem Soleimani. The event raised questions about the actions of the U.S. in response to such incidents.
The Quds Force, under the leadership of Brigadier-General Ahmad Vahidi, cultivated relations with Hamas and the Palestinian Islamic Jihad through the 1995 Kfar Darom bus attack.
Brigadier General Qassem Suleimani was appointed as the chief of the Quds Force of the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) between September 10, 1997, and March 21, 1998. He was selected due to his extensive battlefield experience and cultural background, making him a strategic choice during the rise of the Taliban in Afghanistan.
Qasem Soleimani took over as the leader of the Quds Force in 1998 and became known for masterminding Iranian military operations in Iraq and Syria.
In 1999, Soleimani signed a letter to then-President Mohammad Khatami regarding student protests, expressing concerns about the situation and urging decisive action.
Following the September 11 attacks in 2001, Soleimani, under his leadership, collaborated with U.S. officials to destroy the Taliban in Afghanistan. This collaboration was instrumental in capturing key Al-Qaeda operatives.
Qasem Soleimani allegedly authorized the Riyadh compound bombings in May 2003, targeting Saudi and American interests, with involvement of an al-Qaeda cell operating from Iran with the approval of the Quds Force.
In 2005, Qasem Soleimani was designated as a terrorist by the United States due to his involvement in orchestrating or attempting attacks against American and other targets abroad.
Soleimani was in Lebanon during the 2006 Israel-Hezbollah War, managing the conflict and supporting Hezbollah by sending operatives to retake southern Lebanon.
On January 11, 2007, the United States raided the Iranian Liaison Office in Erbil, Iraq, based on false intelligence that IRGC Commander-in-Chief Mohammad Ali Jafari and Soleimani were present.
On January 20, 2007, Qais al-Khazali's Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq militia, with the help of Quds Force Brigadier General Abdolreza Shahlaei and Hezbollah operative Ali Musa Daqduq, infiltrated the U.S. Army's Karbala Provincial Joint Coordination Headquarters and killed five American soldiers.
Brigadier General Qassem Suleimani played a crucial role in directing Iran's policy towards Iraq, Lebanon, Gaza, and Afghanistan. He was considered the point man in formulating and implementing Iran's Iraq policy, with significant authority under Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei. Suleimani's leadership of the Quds Force involved organizing, training, and supporting various groups, leading to international sanctions.
During January 2009, Soleimani was present at the Palestinian Joint Operations Room in Damascus, overseeing operations against the Israeli Army during the 2008-2009 Gaza War, as disclosed by Hamas political leader Ismail Haniyeh.
Soleimani was promoted to Major General by Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, who had a close relationship with him and supported him financially.
On May 18, 2011, the U.S. imposed sanctions on Qasem Soleimani for providing support and arms to the Syrian regime. He was accused of being a terrorist and supporter of terrorism by the U.S.
On June 24, 2011, the European Union sanctioned three Iranian Revolutionary Guard members, including Soleimani, Mohammad Ali Jafari, and Hossein Taeb, for providing support to the Syrian government in suppressing protests.
In 2012, the U.S. Treasury Department designated Qaani as a 'specially designated national' for his alleged involvement in overseeing financial disbursements and weapons shipments to Hezbollah and Quds Force elements in the Middle East and Africa.
After the promotion of Ismail Qaani to Quds Force commander on January 3, 2013, Ayatollah Khamenei praised him as 'one of the most distinguished Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps commanders.'
In November 2014, Shia and Kurdish forces under Soleimani's command successfully pushed ISIL out of the Iraqi villages of Jalawla and Saadia in the Diyala Governorate.
Soleimani played a crucial role in organizing and planning the operation to retake the city of Tikrit in Iraq from ISIL. The city's strategic location between Baghdad and Mosul made it highly important.
In November 2015, there were rumors that Qasem Soleimani had been killed or seriously wounded while leading forces loyal to al-Assad in Syria's Aleppo. These rumors were later debunked.
In early February 2016, the 4th Mechanized Division, along with Hezbollah, NDF, Kata'eb Hezbollah, and Harakat Al-Nujaba, launched an offensive in Aleppo Governorate's northern countryside, breaking the three-year siege of Nubl and Al-Zahraa.
On November 13, 2018, the U.S. sanctioned Shibl Muhsin 'Ubayd Al-Zaydi and others for allegedly financing military actions in Syria on behalf of Soleimani and supporting terrorism in the region.
An attack on coalition bases in Iraq on December 27 resulted in the deaths of an American contractor and Iraqi personnel. The Defense Department attributed this assault to Qasem Soleimani's orchestration.
Qasem Soleimani was killed in Baghdad, Iraq on January 3, 2020, at the age of 62.
A funeral procession for Qassem Soleimani was held in Baghdad with thousands of mourners chanting 'death to America, death to Israel'. The procession started at the Al-Kadhimiya Mosque and later his remains were taken to Karbala and Najaf.
The body of Qassem Soleimani arrived in Tehran, where hundreds of thousands or millions of people gathered in the streets for his funeral. Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei led the Islamic prayer for the dead, mourning openly near the coffin.
A stampede occurred at the burial procession for Qassem Soleimani in Kerman, attended by hundreds of thousands of mourners, resulting in 56 deaths and 212 injuries.
In response to Soleimani's death, Iranian military launched ballistic missiles at two U.S. bases in Iraq, resulting in no reported casualties but 100 traumatic brain injuries. The strike was suggested to be deliberately designed to avoid causing casualties to prevent an American response.
President Trump authorized the killing of Soleimani in June 2019 on the condition that he had been involved in the killing of many Americans, a decision backed by U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo.
The Trump administration claimed authorization under both the Constitution and the 2002 Authorization of Use of Military Force Against Iraq for the strike on Soleimani.
Iranian state television reported the execution of Mahmoud Mousavi Majd for providing information to the US and Israel about Soleimani and the Quds Force.
The first anniversary of Soleimani and al-Muhandis was marked in Baghdad with Iran-backed militias marching and chanting anti-American slogans.
The AFC called off a match between Iranian side Sepahan and Saudi side Al-Ittihad in Isfahan after Al-Ittihad refused to play when their requests to remove a bust of Soleimani were denied.
An explosion near a cemetery in Kerman occurred on the 4th anniversary of Soleimani's death, killing 89 people and wounding 284. The attack was claimed by ISIL.