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2024-05-13 21:58:46

Rococo

Ornamental and dramatic Late Baroque style
Ornamental and dramatic Late Baroque style

Rococo, also known as Late Baroque, is a highly decorative architectural and artistic style originating in France in the 1730s. It features asymmetry, scrolling curves, gilding, and pastel colors, and is considered the final expression of the Baroque movement. The style spread throughout Europe and influenced various art forms, including sculpture, furniture, painting, and music.

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1684-10-10
Birth of Jean Antoine Watteau

Jean Antoine Watteau, the father of Rococo painting, was born in 1684 near the Flemish border. He is known for inventing a new genre called fêtes galantes, depicting courtship parties.

1715
Emergence of Rococo Style in French Interiors

The French aristocracy transitioned to a new style characterized by asymmetry, graceful curves, and elegance in interior design after the death of Louis XIV. They decorated their homes with stucco adornments, boiserie, and mirrored glass, moving away from the opulence of the previous baroque style.

1717
The Embarkation for Cythera

Painted by Jean-Antoine Watteau, this artwork depicts amorous couples in an idealized pastoral setting on the mythical island of Cythera. It pioneered the fête galante genre and marked the beginning of the Rococo movement.

1718
Introduction of Pannier and Mantua

In 1718, the pannier and mantua became fashionable, featuring wide hoops under the dress to extend the hips out sideways, becoming a staple in formal wear during the Rococo period.

1720
Introduction of Mahogany in England

Mahogany wood first appeared in England around 1720 and quickly gained popularity for furniture making, along with walnut wood.

1721-07-18
Death of Jean Antoine Watteau

Jean Antoine Watteau, the influential Rococo painter, passed away in 1721. His works often featured elegantly dressed figures in outdoor settings, exchanging pleasantries and enjoying music.

1735
Formation of St Martin's Lane Academy

In 1735, the painter William Hogarth organized the St Martin's Lane Academy, known today as the Royal Academy of Arts, with a group of artists and designers in London. This artistic set, including Hubert-Francois Gravelot and Andien de Clerment, played a significant role in introducing and promoting the Rococo style in England.

1736
First Appearance of Term 'Rocaille'

In 1736, the term 'rocaille' was first used by designer and jeweler Jean Mondon to designate the style of decorative motifs or ornaments that included seashells interlaced with acanthus leaves.

1738
Discoveries of Roman antiquities at Herculaneum

The discoveries of Roman antiquities beginning in 1738 at Herculaneum influenced French architecture towards a more symmetrical and less flamboyant neo-classicism.

1740
Rococo style employed in British furniture designs by Thomas Chippendale

Around 1740, the Rococo style started being used in British furniture designs, notably by Thomas Chippendale. His catalogue, Gentleman's and Cabinet-makers' directory (1754), showcased Rococo designs and became a standard in the industry.

1742
Publication of prints by Matthias Lock and Henry Copland

In 1742, furniture designers Matthias Lock and Henry Copland began publishing prints that introduced a distinctively British form of Rococo scrollwork. This style became dominant in British Rococo design until the mid-1760s, influencing woodcarving and decorative work.

1743
Double-portrait of François de Jullienne and his Wife Élisabeth de Séré de Rieux

A double-portrait by Charles Antoine Coypel depicting François de Jullienne and his wife Élisabeth de Séré de Rieux in 1743, displayed at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

1745
Golden Age of Rococo

In 1745, the Rococo period reached its Golden Age with the introduction of a more exotic, oriental culture in France known as a la turque, popularized by Madame de Pompadour.

1746
Toilette de Venus

François Boucher's sensual painting that became a well-known example of the Rococo style.

1750
Madame de Pompadour's Influence on Rococo Decline

Madame de Pompadour, the mistress of Louis XV, contributed to the decline of the Rococo style by promoting a shift towards classical art and neoclassical architecture in France.

1751
La Toilette de Vénus (The Toilet of Venus)

François Boucher's portrait of Madame de Pompadour as Venus embodies luxury and elegance, reflecting the artist's sensual depictions of notable citizens and past times. The painting was a tribute to Pompadour's role as Venus in a theatrical performance.

1752
Allegory of the Planets and Continents

Tiepolo's painting depicting the sun's course across the sky with allegorical figures representing Europe, Asia, America, and Africa, influenced by Greek mythology and astrology. The painting was created for the Würzburg Residenz in Germany and is known for its dramatic use of color and composition.

1753
Hogarth advocates for serpentine line in The Analysis of Beauty

In his work The Analysis of Beauty (1753), William Hogarth promoted the use of a serpentine line in art, considering it more organic and aesthetically ideal.

1754
Publication of The Gentleman and Cabinet Maker's Director

The book by Thomas Chippendale the Elder, first published in parts and then as a collected edition in 1754, revolutionized furniture design by providing a source of design ideas and patterns for customers, particularly smaller furniture makers outside London.

1756
Portrait of Madame de Pompadour

François Boucher's full-length portrait of Madame de Pompadour symbolizes stylish elegance and intellectual influence, showcasing her engagement in philosophical thought. The work is a social iconography of the time.

1759
Simplicity by Jean-Baptiste Greuze

The painting 'Simplicity' by Jean-Baptiste Greuze, created in 1759, exemplifies the degenerative qualities of the Rococo period in the later half of the 18th Century. It focuses on sentimental themes and emotional value rather than the traditional aristocratic portraits of the time, like Madame de Pompadour. The artwork is criticized for its soft and plain appearance, lacking in interest due to the artist's overt emotion and poor composition.

1760
End of Meissen Porcelain's Dominance

Johann Joachim Kändler was the most important modeller of Meissen porcelain, the earliest European factory, which remained the most important until about 1760.

1761
Apotheosis of the Pisani Family

The painting 'Apotheosis of the Pisani Family' was painted by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo in 1761. It celebrates the Pisani family's achievements and status through a grand allegorical composition, showcasing Tiepolo's mastery of the Rococo style.

1767
End of the Rococo period

The Rococo period ended in 1767, marking a shift in artistic styles and preferences. The elaborate and ornate Rococo style gave way to new artistic movements and trends.

1770
The Blue Boy

Thomas Gainsborough's portrait of a boy in blue satin knee breeches challenging traditional aesthetic assumptions by primarily using blue as the main color. The painting combines Rococo visual appeal with elements of realism and prefigures Romanticism.

1777
Diana, Viscountess Crosbie wearing a wrapping gown

In 1777, Diana, Viscountess Crosbie was depicted wearing a wrapping gown in a painting by Joshua Reynolds. The wrapping gown was a popular informal dress worn inside the house, characterized by its open front, soft colored fabric, and full skirt.

1780
Rococo falls out of favor

By 1780, due to critiques from notable thinkers like Voltaire and Diderot, as well as revolutionary fervor in France, the Rococo style fell out of favor.

1782
Self-Portrait with Straw Hat

Élisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun's self-portrait showcasing aristocratic elegance and artistic prowess, influenced by Peter Paul Rubens. Le Brun was a prominent female Rococo artist known for her innovative portraiture.

1785
End of Rococo in France

By 1785, Rococo had fallen out of fashion in France, being replaced by the Neoclassical style of artists like Jacques-Louis David.

1786
Thomas Gainsborough's Portrait of Mrs. Thomas Hibbert

In 1786, Thomas Gainsborough painted a portrait of Mrs. Thomas Hibbert, which is now displayed at Neue Pinakothek München. The painting showcases the fashion and style of the Rococo era.

1790
Introduction of Robe à l'Anglaise

In 1790, the Robe à l'Anglaise was introduced as a new style in England. It featured a bodice cut in two pieces meeting in the middle front, without Watteau pleats or stomacher.

1825
First Use of Term 'Rococo'

The term 'rococo' was first used in print in 1825 to describe decoration that was considered 'out of style and old-fashioned'. It later evolved to describe the ornate style of the 18th century.

1865
Jean-Honoré Fragonard rediscovered by Edmund and Jules de Goncourt

In 1865, the major Rococo painter Jean-Honoré Fragonard was rediscovered by the de Goncourt brothers. His work subsequently influenced Impressionist artists like Pierre-Auguste Renoir and Berthe Morisot.

1892
Publication of 'Barock- und Rococo- Architektur'

In 1892, 'Barock- und Rococo- Architektur' was published in German, focusing on Baroque and Rococo architecture, offering valuable insights into the styles of that era.

1967
Publication of 'Baroque and Rococo in Latin America'

In 1967, Pál Kelemen published a book titled 'Baroque and Rococo in Latin America', which discusses the influence of Baroque and Rococo styles in Latin American art and architecture.

2006-04-06
Sale of Jean Honoré Fragonard's La coquette fixée

Jean Honoré Fragonard's painting 'La coquette fixée' was sold at Christie's New York on April 6, 2006. The painting is a notable example of Rococo art, which was criticized by some for its triviality during the Enlightenment period.

2007-07-16
Victoria and Albert Museum Rococo Style Guide

On July 16, 2007, the Victoria and Albert Museum released a Rococo Style Guide, providing insights into the Rococo style showcased in the British Galleries.

2021-05-21
Archived History of Rococo

The History & Culture Academy of Latgale archived information on the history of Rococo, shedding light on its significance in art, architecture, and luxury.

End of the Timeline
Rococo

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Rococo

Ornamental and dramatic Late Baroque style
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