The Houthi movement began as a moderate theological movement with the formation of 'the Believing Youth' in 1992 in Saada Governorate, aiming to promote a Zaidi revival in the region.

In 2003, influenced by Hezbollah, the Houthis adopted their official slogan against the United States, Israel, and the Jews, leading to increased tensions with the Yemeni government.

A Houthi group in northern Yemen protests marginalisation of the local Zaydi Shia Muslim sect, and engages in wars with Saleh’s forces and Saudi Arabia.

Fighting between the Houthis—now led by Hussein’s brother, Abdul-Malik al-Houthi—and government forces surges, leaving hundreds dead.

Fighting ceases after the sides reach an agreement, resulting in the surrender of the Houthis’ top military commander.

In March 2006, Saleh grants amnesty to 600 Houthi fighters. Saleh goes on to win the 2006 election.

In early 2007, the Houthi rebels and Saleh's government engage in a conflict that lasts for five months until a ceasefire agreement is reached with the help of Qatar.

By July 2008, Ali Abdullah Saleh declares an end to the fighting in the Houthi-dominated Saada governorate.

Houthis reportedly established courts and prisons in areas they control, imposing their own laws, demanding protection money, and dispensing rough justice, as per a leaked US Embassy cable.

In 2010, the Yemen Post claimed that the Houthi movement had over 100,000 fighters, showing a significant increase in their membership.

In 2013, an Iranian vessel was seized carrying Katyusha rockets, heat-seeking surface-to-air missiles, RPG-7s, Iranian-made night vision goggles, and artillery systems en route to the Houthis, indicating Iranian support for the group.

Thousands gathered in Dahiyan, Sa'dah and Heziez to celebrate Mawlid al-Nabi, the birth of Mohammed, organized by the Houthi movement.

The Houthi movement rose to power in 2014, gaining control over significant areas in Yemen and becoming a major nationalist force.

The Houthi movement has been accused of expelling and restricting members of the rural Yemeni Jewish community, with reports of abuse and harassment. Despite Houthi officials denying involvement, Yemeni Jews reportedly retain a negative sentiment towards the Houthis, alleging persecutions against them.

In July 2016, the Houthis and the government of former President Saleh announced the formation of a political council to govern Sana’a and much of northern Yemen.

In the summer of 2016, a UN effort to broker peace talks between allied Houthi rebels and the internationally recognized Yemeni government stalled.

On October 1, 2016, the Houthi Navy was able to hit the UAE Navy's HSV-2 Swift hybrid catamaran with a single AShM fired from a shore battery, causing severe damage.

The Houthi rebels launched a Burkan 2-H ballistic missile at the Saudi capital Riyadh and targeted oil facilities in southern Najran and Jizan. The missile traveled over 500 miles into Saudi Arabia before being intercepted by Saudi air defenses. The Saudi-led coalition also shot down two drones in southern Saudi Arabia.

Saudi air defense forces intercepted a Houthi missile targeting southern Jizan.

The Houthis fired a missile at Saudi Arabia for the third consecutive day, targeting Jizan but being intercepted by Saudi defense systems.

The Houthis fired a ballistic missile at southern Najran, which was intercepted by Saudi air defenses. However, the shrapnel scattered over residential areas and caused a fire at a farm belonging to a citizen.

The Houthis launched a mortar attack on the Saudi city of Najran, resulting in the deaths of three individuals and prompting the closure of the local airport.

On 19 May 2017, Saudi Arabia intercepted a Houthi-fired ballistic missile targeting a deserted area south of the Saudi capital and most populous city Riyadh.

Saudi Arabia intercepted a Scud missile fired by the Houthis in retaliation for coalition airstrikes in Yemen. The missile was successfully shot down near Khamis Mushait by a Patriot missile battery.

Houthi rebels launched a Scud missile towards an oil facility near the port city of Yanbu in Saudi Arabia.

Houthi fighters reportedly attempted to cross the border near Najran but were killed by Saudi warplanes.

Houthi-controlled television broadcasted images of fighters allegedly crossing the border into Saudi Arabia, raising tensions in the region.

Pro-Houthi Yemeni army units fired a Scud missile into Saudi Arabia, targeting an electricity station in Jizan province. The missile was intercepted by the Saudi military.

Following the collapse of peace talks over the conflict in Yemen, a Houthi-fired rocket killed two girls in Najran.

A senior Houthi military officer was killed while attempting to infiltrate Najran, according to Reuters.

The Houthis launched a ballistic missile at the Taif military base in Saudi Arabia in response to a coalition airstrike that killed 140 mourners at a funeral in Yemen. The missile was intercepted before reaching its target but went further than any other missile launched from Yemen previously.

The Houthis fired a Scud missile across the border near Khamis Mushait, prompting Saudi warplanes to bomb missile launchers in Sana’a in response.

Saudi Arabia reported the interception of a missile near Mecca. The Houthis denied firing the missile and stated they would not target holy areas.

Saudi Arabia intercepted a ballistic missile fired from Yemen near King Khaled Airport in Riyadh.

Saudi Arabia blamed Iran for the Houthi missile attack on Riyadh airport.

The Houthis threatened to attack warships and oil tankers in retaliation for Saudi Arabia closing Yemen’s ports.

Saudi Arabia intercepted a ballistic missile over southern Riyadh, targeted at the royal Yamama Palace in the capital. The Houthis claimed responsibility for the attack, and no damage was reported.

Saudi civil defense authorities claimed three civilians were killed in Saudi Arabia from cross-border missile attacks, escalating tensions in the region.

In 2018, a senior Houthi military official revealed that the group had enlisted 18,000 child soldiers, with some as young as 10 years old, into its army. This led to the signing of an 'action plan' by the Houthi rebels to prevent the recruitment and use of children in armed conflict.

Saudi Arabia claimed to intercept a ballistic missile over the border region of Najran. The Houthis claimed responsibility for the attack.

Houthi rebels threatened to block the Red Sea shipping lane if the Saudi-led coalition continued advancing towards the Hodeidah port. The threat was made by the Houthi political council chief, Saleh al Samad.

The Houthis fired a ballistic missile at a special forces camp and a facility for helicopter gunships in the Saudi border province of Najran. The missile was shot down mid-air by Saudi air defense forces with no casualties, according to Colonel al Malki.

The Houthi rebels launched seven missiles targeting four Saudi cities, including Riyadh, Khamis Mushait, Najran, and Jizan. The missiles were aimed at airports and other locations. The Saudi coalition claimed to have intercepted and destroyed all the missiles, but fragments from the intercepted missiles resulted in the death of an Egyptian resident, marking the first casualty on Saudi soil since the military intervention in 2015.

Houthi rebels launched a ballistic missile from Saada, Yemen, targeting the Saudi city of Jizan. However, Saudi air defenses successfully intercepted the missile before it could hit its intended target.

Saudi air defense forces intercepted a missile fired by the Houthis, which was aimed at a Saudi National Guard base in Najran. The attack resulted in an Indian resident being injured by falling debris.

Saleh Ali al-Sammad, president of Yemen’s Supreme Political Council, is killed in a Saudi-led coalition drone strike, marking a significant loss for the Houthi movement.

In May 2018, the United States imposed sanctions on Iran's IRGC for its role in providing support for the Houthis, including assistance in manufacturing ballistic missiles used in attacks targeting cities and oil fields in Saudi Arabia.

In August 2018, IRGC commander Nasser Shabani was quoted as saying that the IRGC instructed the Houthi rebels to strike two Saudi oil tankers, despite denials from the IRGC and the Iranian government about any military support for the Houthis.

In 2019, Iranian supreme leader Ali Khamenei openly announced his 'spiritual' support of the Houthi movement in a personal meeting with the Houthi spokesperson Mohammed Abdul Salam in Tehran, amidst ongoing conflicts in Aden.

Houthi rebel fighters were seen raising their weapons and shouting slogans at a gathering in Sanaa, Yemen on March 16, 2019.

On May 14, the Houthis carried out a drone attack that damaged two oil pumping stations over 200 miles from Riyadh, leading to Saudi Arabia pausing oil pumping through the east-west pipeline in response.

Saudi Arabia intercepted two missiles fired at Mecca province on May 20, with the Houthis denying that the missiles were intended for Mecca.

The Houthis claimed responsibility for a drone attack against Najran airport on May 21, targeting an arms depot. The coalition spokesman stated that the Houthis attempted to target a civilian site.

In June 2019, the Saudi-led coalition stated that the Houthis had launched 226 ballistic missiles during the insurgency so far.

On June 11, the Houthis launched two drones at Khamis Mushait, which were intercepted by the Saudi Press Agency.

The Houthis launched a cruise missile against Saudi Arabia’s Abha airport on June 12, injuring 26 people. Saudi Arabia accused Iran of being behind the attack.

On June 19, the Houthis fired a missile targeting a Red Sea desalination plant in al Shuqaiq, causing no casualties.

Saudi Arabia intercepted a drone aimed at the Jizan airport on June 20, launched by the Houthis.

On June 23, the Houthis hit the Abha airport with a drone, resulting in one death and 21 injuries.

Saudi Arabia intercepted two drones launched at Jizan and Asir.

The Houthis conducted a drone attack against Abha airport, wounding eight Saudis and one Indian national.

The Houthis claimed they disrupted air traffic with drone attacks on Abha and Najran airports. A spokesperson for the coalition denied either airport had been hit.

The Houthis fired 10 ballistic missiles at Jizan airport, killing and wounding dozens. Saudi Arabia said it intercepted at least six missiles.

The Houthis claimed to hit a military target in Riyadh with an armed drone, but Saudi Arabia denied that the attack occurred.

On September 14, an explosive drone attack damaged a processing facility and oil field in Abqaiq and Khurais, Saudi Arabia. The Houthi rebel movement in Yemen claimed responsibility for the attack, although U.S. and Saudi officials claimed the attacks originated outside of Yemen. Both countries blamed Iran.

As of April 28, 2020, the Houthis exert de facto authority over the bulk of North Yemen, controlling all of North Yemen except for Marib Governorate.

The UN Panel of Experts on Yemen documented instances of Houthi rape of female detainees for punishment, coercion of confessions, and forcing them to become sex workers to gather information for the Houthis.

On 11 January, the Houthi rebels fired an anti-ship ballistic missile into the international shipping lanes in the Gulf of Aden, near a commercial vessel. The missile caused no damage or injuries.

On 12 January, the Houthis mistakenly targeted the MT Khalissa, a vessel carrying Russian crude oil, with a missile near the coast of Aden. The attack caused no injuries or damage.

On 15 January, the Houthis struck the MV Gibraltar Eagle with an anti-ship missile, causing a small fire on board. The attack did not cause injuries or significant damage.

On 16 January, an anti-ship ballistic missile fired by the Houthis struck the MV Zografia, causing material damage but no injuries. The vessel was able to continue transiting the Red Sea.

On 17 January, the Houthis struck the US-owned bulk carrier MV Genco Picardy with a drone while it traversed the Gulf of Aden, causing minimal damage and no injuries to the crew.

On 18 January, the Houthis launched two anti-ship ballistic missiles at the MV Chem Ranger while it was traveling through the Gulf of Aden. The ship reported no damage or injuries.

On 24 January, a Houthi missile exploded near the US-flagged container ship Maersk Detroit. The incident led to the suspension of sailings in the Red Sea by Maersk Line Limited.

On 26 January, a Houthi ballistic missile fired toward the USS Carney was shot down. The incident highlighted the escalating tensions in the region.

On 6 February, the Houthis claimed they hit a British and an American ship in the Red Sea. The attacks caused minor damage, raising concerns about maritime security.

On 12 February, the Houthis fired two missiles at the Star Iris, causing minor damage to the vessel. The incident added to the series of maritime security concerns in the region.

On 16 February, a missile lightly damaged a Panama-flagged ship off the coast of Mokha. The incident raised further concerns about the security of maritime traffic in the area.

In April 2021, the Iranian intelligence vessel Saviz, disguised as a regular cargo vessel, was damaged in an Israeli limpet mine attack. It was replaced by the Behshad, based on a cargo ship.

On April 23, 2021, Saudi Arabia intercepted two ballistic missiles at a Saudi Aramco oil production facility in southern Jizan. The Houthis claimed responsibility for the attack.

On April 26, 2021, Saudi Arabia intercepted four Houthi ballistic missiles over southwestern Jizan. Falling debris from the interception resulted in the death of one person.

On April 29, 2021, the Houthis vowed to intensify rocket attacks on Saudi Arabia and announced that they were manufacturing their own ballistic missiles. Additionally, three Saudi soldiers died in clashes with the Houthis along the Yemen-Saudi Arabia border.

On May 6, 2021, Houthi rebels launched two ballistic missiles at the southern city of Najran. Saudi air defense forces intercepted the missiles, and although debris fell on residential neighborhoods, no injuries or damage were reported.

On May 9, 2021, the Houthis fired missiles at economic targets in Riyadh. Saudi Arabia intercepted one missile, and another landed in an uninhabited area in the desert south of the capital. The Houthis also attempted to launch a short-range Badr-type rocket toward Najran, which landed in a desert area.

In September 2021, Houthi rebels renewed their offensive in the Marib Governorate, capturing the key district of Rahabeh in the south of Marib. This offensive marked a continuation of the battle for Marib city.

Houthi spokesperson announced the capture of Marib’s al-Jubah and Jabal Murad districts, adding to their previous capture of al-Abdiyah and Harib. This has put around two million civilians in Marib Governorate at risk.

Houthis claimed responsibility for a missile attack on a Greece-flagged bulk carrier east of Aden, and identified another vessel struck in the attack.

Houthis fired two missiles at the cargo ship MV Islander in the Red Sea, causing a fire and resulting in damage to the vessel and minor injuries to one person.

On February 23, 2022, the US Treasury Department announced new sanctions against individuals involved in a funding network for the Houthis, reflecting the international efforts to address the conflict in Yemen.

The Houthis reached an agreement with the United Nations to address the issue of the abandoned oil tanker FSO Safer in the Red Sea, which posed a threat of a massive oil spill.

The Houthis launched a large attack on US warships and commercial shipping, firing anti-ship missiles at a Singapore-flagged bulk carrier and drones at American naval vessels.

Houthis threatened to expand attacks to include Israel-linked vessels passing through the Indian Ocean towards the Cape of Good Hope, and claimed to have launched drones and anti-ship missiles at American and Israeli vessels in the Indian Ocean.

Yemeni Houthis launched a cruise missile that successfully struck Israel, reportedly hitting an open area north of Eilat. Israel stated there was no damage or injuries caused.

In 2023, the global consequences of the Houthi movement’s ascendance moved to center stage when, in response to the Israel-Hamas War, it launched missiles and drones toward Israel and disrupted global trade by attacking commercial ships in the Red Sea.

In March 2023, Saudi Arabia and Iran agree to restore relations, raising hopes that the Yemen peace process could see progress.

In April 2023, Saudi and Omani envoys visit Sanaa aiming to negotiate a permanent ceasefire deal with the Houthis. The same month, Yemeni rebels and government forces free scores of prisoners on the last of a three-day exchange of more than 800 detainees.

Three days after the October 7 attack on Israel, Yemen's Houthi leader Abdel-Malek al-Houthi warned the United States against direct intervention in the Hamas-Israel War, threatening military action in response.

U.S. officials announced that the USS Carney downed several Houthi cruise missiles and drones fired toward Israel, marking a significant escalation in the conflict.

The Iran-backed Houthi movement in Yemen launched missiles and armed drones at Israel, demanding an end to the invasion of the Gaza Strip, initiating the Red Sea crisis.

Two loitering munitions were fired from the southern Red Sea towards Israel, with one falling short and hitting a building adjacent to a hospital in Taba, Egypt, and the other being shot down near an electricity plant close to the town of Nuweiba, Egypt.

The Houthis officially announced their entry into the war to support Palestinians in the Gaza Strip, leading to a further intensification of the conflict.

On 1 November 2023, the Israeli Defense Forces intercepted an air threat fired from Yemen and identified it south of Eilat.

A US MQ-9 Reaper drone was shot down off the coast of Yemen by Houthi air defenses on 8 November 2023.

On 9 November 2023, the Houthis fired a missile toward the city of Eilat, which was intercepted by an Arrow 3 missile, marking the first time it was used in an interception.

On 14 November 2023, the Houthis fired numerous missiles, one of which was aimed toward the city of Eilat. The missile was intercepted by an Arrow missile according to Israeli officials.

The Houthis hijacked a commercial ship in the Red Sea, marking a significant escalation in their aggressive actions in the region.

On 23 November 2023, US officials said that the destroyer USS Thomas Hudner had shot down several attack drones launched from Yemen.

On 29 November 2023, US officials said the US Navy destroyer USS Carney shot down a Houthi KAS-04 drone as the destroyer approached the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait.

On 30 November 2023, Saudi media reported that an Israeli airstrike caused an explosion at a Houthi arms depot in Sana'a, the capital of Yemen.

On 6 December 2023, the Houthi movement launched several ballistic missiles at Israeli military posts in Eilat.

On 10 January 2024, a large-scale attack was initiated by the Houthis against USS Dwight D. Eisenhower, USS Gravely, USS Laboon, USS Mason and HMS Diamond, in which at least 21 UAVs and missiles were launched.

The US announced the creation of a multilateral naval task force of protective escorts for commercial vessels in the Bab-el-Mandeb strait and Gulf of Aden region. The operation was formally launched on 23 December 2023.

In January 2024, the Houthis were redesignated as a terrorist organization by the United States due to their recent attacks on ships in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. This decision marked a significant shift in U.S. policy towards the Houthi movement.

The United States and United Kingdom carried out coordinated air strikes on Houthi targets in Yemen in response to the consistent Houthi attacks in the Red Sea, signaling a major military intervention.

On 14 January, a Houthi-fired anti-ship cruise missile was launched from Hodeida towards USS Laboon but was intercepted by a fighter jet before causing any damage.

On 16 January, the US conducted strikes against Houthi anti-ship ballistic missiles in the Red Sea, targeting 14 missiles across Houthi-controlled areas.

On 21 January 2024, the French frigate Alsace joined defence operations in the Red Sea after transitting through the Suez Canal, reinforcing French assets deployed in the area in response to Houthi attacks against international shipping.

The United States and United Kingdom continued air strikes on Houthi targets in Yemen, indicating a sustained effort to address the escalating conflict in the region.

On 24 January, Houthi claimed to have attacked US destroyers and other warships in the Red Sea, in response to Operation Poseidon Archer. The attack was denied by the United States government.

On the night of 26 January to 27 January, the French frigate Alsace came to the aid of an oil tanker on fire in the Gulf of Aden, alongside Indian and American destroyers INS Visakhapatnam and USS Carney, caused by a missile fired from Yemen.

On 29 January, Danish frigate HDMS Iver Huitfeldt departed for the Red Sea to assist the US-led coalition in safeguarding commercial traffic against Houthi attacks.

On 31 January, top European Union diplomat Josep Borrell announced the bloc's plan to start a naval mission named 'Aspides' to protect merchant shipping in the Red Sea within the following three weeks.

On 2 February, the Houthis claimed that they had fired a ballistic missile towards Eilat, intercepted by the Arrow defense system over the Red Sea.

A day after conducting airstrikes in Iraq and Syria, the US and UK conducted strikes against 36 Houthi sites in Yemen, aiming to degrade their capabilities.

On 8 February, German frigate Hessen departed from Wilhelmshaven for the Red Sea with about 240 people on board to assist the upcoming EU mission.

On 15 February, the US Army announced that the Coast Guard seized a vessel originating from Iran and bound for Houthi-controlled Yemen, carrying advanced weapons and other 'lethal aid'.

On 19 February, the European Union announced the start of the naval mission Operation Aspides to send warships and provide early airborne warning systems to the Red Sea and surrounding waters.

On 20 February, France announced that it shot down two Houthi drones over the Red Sea, while CENTCOM announced the downing of ten bomb-carrying drones and a cruise missile targeting the USS Laboon.

On 22 February, the Houthis' Humanitarian Operations Coordination Center sent statements to shipping insurers and firms announcing a formal ban on vessels owned or partially owned by Israeli, British, or American entities or individuals in the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Arabian Sea.

On 24 February, the US and UK conducted their fourth round of joint airstrikes, resulting in the first civilian casualties during the strikes.

On 26 February, damages were reported to Red Sea undersea communications cables, initially tied to Houthi attacks, while Houthi leaders denied involvement.

On 27 February, Houthi leader Mohammed al-Houthi said they will only allow a salvage operation to take place if humanitarian aid is sent to Gaza Strip. German frigate Hessen intercepted two Houthi drones as they targeted the naval vessel.

A policy analysis published on February 28, 2024, suggests that the United States should adopt a comprehensive approach instead of the Houthi designation.

Reports indicate that the Houthi rebels in Yemen possess a hypersonic missile, potentially escalating the situation in the Red Sea.

An attack, believed to be carried out by Yemen's Houthi rebels, was directed at a ship in the Gulf of Aden.

The Houthi rebels in Yemen detonated a house, resulting in the deaths of at least 9 individuals from the same family.

US fighter jets conducted airstrikes on storage facilities located in areas controlled by the Houthi movement in Yemen.