World War I was a deadly global conflict between the Allies and the Central Powers, resulting in millions of casualties. It started with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and ended with the Armistice of 11 November 1918, leading to significant geopolitical changes and setting the stage for World War II.
On June 28, 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, nephew of Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria-Hungary, and his wife Sophie were on an official visit to Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina. The Black Hand, a Serbian terrorist group, planned to assassinate Franz Ferdinand during his motorcade. A bomb thrown by an intended assassin missed its target and exploded under the car behind, injuring several people.
Churchill orders the British naval fleets to take up battle stations. Britain declares war on Germany on August 4, 1914.
Germany declares war on Russia, France, and Belgium in August 1914, marking a significant escalation in the conflict.
On 2 August 1914, many people in Europe, including young Germans, English, and French, responded with enthusiasm to the start of the First World War. The war was initially seen as an opportunity for change and action, leading to widespread volunteer enlistment and nationalist celebrations.
Germany and the Ottoman Empire sign a secret treaty of alliance on August 2, 1914.
On August 4, 1914, Great Britain declared war on Germany and issued an order to the Royal Navy to commence hostilities against Germany, marking the beginning of World War I.
The Battle of Liege was the first land battle of World War I, lasting for twelve days from 5-16 August 1914. It was considered a moral victory for the Allies, particularly Belgium, against the German forces.
In August 1914, Germany initiated its invasion of Luxembourg and Belgium as part of its military strategy during World War I.
The French invasion of Lorraine, also known as the Battle of Morhange-Sarrebourg, was a key part of the French pre-war offensive strategy against Germany. It began on 14 August 1914 with the French First and Second Armies entering the city.
The Battle of Mons took place in Mons, Belgium, with a British Expeditionary Force fighting an estimated 150,000 Germans in an attempt to hold the Mons-Conde Canal. The British forces were overpowered and forced to retreat, handing the Germans a strategic victory.
The Battle of Tannenberg was a significant win for the Germans against the Russians along the Eastern Front. Intercepting unencrypted radio messages allowed the Germans to reorganize their strategy, leading to the annihilation of the Russian armies with 30,000 casualties and more than 90,000 taken prisoner.
German forces invade Belgium, leading to the First Battle of the Marne where they are halted. This marks a significant turning point as the Schlieffen Plan fails.
The First Battle of the Marne took place between 6-12 September 1914. It was a crucial battle as the French and British forces, exhausted from continuous retreats, managed to halt the German advance near Paris under the leadership of Joseph Joffre.
In September 1914, Austria-Hungary launched an invasion of Russia during the early stages of World War I.
The second victory of the Germans over the Russian army during World War I, following the Battle of Tannenberg. It took place between 9-14 September 1914.
In October 1914, Lt. Col. Ernest Swinton recognized the necessity for a vehicle capable of destroying enemy guns in rough terrains during the First World War.
Organizing the defence of Antwerp.
The First Battle of Ypres was part of the 'Race to the Sea' and involved an estimated 600,000 Germans and 420,000 Allies. Both sides engaged in trench warfare and suffered massive casualties, but neither made significant gains.
Allied and German troops engaged in the First Battle of Ypres, resulting in the onset of trench warfare due to the inability to secure a decisive victory.
On November 3, 1914, Winston Churchill, then First Lord of the Admiralty, ordered the bombardment of the Dardanelles in an attempt to weaken Ottoman defenses. This move was part of the broader Dardanelles campaign during World War I, which ultimately faced challenges and setbacks.
Britain and France declare war on the Ottoman Empire, expanding the scope of the conflict and reshaping alliances in the Middle East.
On November 5, 1914, Britain declared war on Turkey after the Ottomans attacked Russia's Black Sea coast. This decision was made despite initial reluctance, as there seemed to be no alternative.
Mustard gas was first used in the trenches of World War I, introducing chemical warfare and posing a terrifying threat to troops and civilians.
The Gallipoli Campaign was a military campaign in World War I that took place on the Gallipoli Peninsula in the Ottoman Empire. It was a costly and ultimately unsuccessful attempt by the Allied Powers to control the sea route to Russia.
The Stock Exchange reopened on 4 January 1915 under strict restrictions, with transactions limited to cash only. Due to the challenges brought by the war, almost a thousand members left the Exchange between 1914 and 1918.
German zeppelin raids on Great Britain commence, bringing the war directly to British civilians and impacting the home front.
A significant naval battle took place off Dogger Bank during World War I, involving the British and German fleets.
In 1915, during World War I, the British defended the strategically important Suez Canal against Turkish attempts to seize control, leading to a diversion of British forces from other campaigns.
On 17 February 1915, a trial was conducted by the War Office using a Holt tractor as the basis for an armored vehicle, but the project was abandoned due to the vehicle getting stuck in the mud.
Following failed attempts to break through Turkish fortresses, a naval effort was made on 18 March 1915 to force the Narrows during the Gallipoli Campaign in World War I.
On April 17, 1915, the Wales VS England uncapped match took place to raise funds for military charities and support recruitment to the Welsh Guards during World War I.
The Second Battle of Ypres begins, with the German army initiating the modern era of chemical warfare by launching a chlorine attack on Allied trenches, leading to significant casualties and shaping the tactics of the war.
The Allied landings at the Gallipoli Peninsula result in a disastrous campaign, with significant casualties and long-term implications for Australian, New Zealand, and British forces.
In May 1915, the U.S. oil tanker Gulflight is torpedoed and sunk by German forces before completing its delivery of fifty thousand barrels of oil to France during World War I.
The sinking of the Lusitania by a German submarine in 1915 led to a major outcry and contributed to the United States eventually entering World War I.
Lord Fisher resigned in protest over the Dardanelles action, reflecting the internal conflicts and controversies within the British military leadership during World War I.
Italy declared war on Austria-Hungary, joining the Allies in World War I.
Following his resignation as the First Lord of the Admiralty, significant changes in the British naval leadership and strategy were anticipated during World War I.
The Royal Naval Air Service, created by Winston Churchill, was placed under the Royal Navy, signifying an important organizational and strategic decision during World War I.
On August 10, 1915, a soldier passed away at Gallipoli, Turkey at the age of 27.
Construction of the No1 Lincoln Machine, a smaller experimental landship, began on 11 August 1915, but the trials were unsuccessful due to unsatisfactory tracks.
The Battle of Scimitar Hill in 1915 was a part of the Gallipoli Campaign during World War I. It was a last-ditch effort by the Allied forces to break north from Anzac Cove and link the sectors near Suvla Bay, resulting in significant casualties.
Allied troops advanced through Mesopotamia and captured Baghdad from the Ottomans during World War I.
In October 1915, French and British forces arrived in Thessaloniki, establishing the Salonika front during World War I.
A combined force of Austro-Hungarians and Germans, later joined by Bulgarians, launched an invasion of Serbia. The Serbian Army put up a stubborn resistance but was eventually forced to retreat through Montenegro and Albania.
Winston Churchill resigned from the Cabinet and prepared to join the troops on the Western Front, demonstrating his commitment and involvement in the military efforts during World War I.
Sir John French resigned as British commander and was replaced by Sir Douglas Haig, as proposed by Prime Minister Asquith.
In 1916, amidst the turmoil of World War I, the antiwar movement gained momentum as people protested against the ongoing conflict. This period marked a significant shift in public opinion towards war and its consequences.
On January 8, 1916, the evacuation of Gallipoli was completed, marking the end of a significant military campaign during World War I.
By January 9, 1916, the Allied forces had completed their evacuation of the Gallipoli Peninsula. This marked the end of a significant chapter in World War I.
The Battle of Verdun begins, leading to a prolonged and costly conflict between the French and German armies, with significant casualties and lasting impact on the landscape and memory of the war.
The Battle of Verdun in 1916 was the longest battle of World War I, lasting from February to December. It had a significant impact on the French Army and led to the British launching the Battle of the Somme to relieve pressure on the French forces.
Great Britain and France secretly sign the Sykes-Picot Agreement to divide the Middle East assuming they will defeat the Ottoman Empire. France claims Syria and Lebanon, while Britain claims Jordan, Iraq, the Gulf states, and the Palestine Mandate.
On May 16, 1916, Britain and France sign the secret Sykes–Picot Agreement, outlining the division of Arabia between the two countries after World War I. This agreement significantly impacts the post-war Middle East.
In the largest naval battle of World War I, Britain’s Royal Navy Grand Fleet and the German Navy’s High Seas Fleet fought to a draw, with both sides claiming victory.
Lord Kitchener was killed in the sinking of HMS Hampshire on 5 June 1916.
The Siege of Medina in 1916 was part of the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire. It was a key event in the revolt led by Sharif Hussein of Mecca.
During World War I, the evacuation of wounded soldiers posed significant challenges to the Army's medical services. The speed at which a soldier received medical treatment greatly influenced their chances of survival, emphasizing the importance of rapid evacuation and early surgery.
The First Battle of the Somme begins, resulting in significant casualties and marking the bloodiest day in the history of the British army, with enduring consequences for the course of the war.
The Battle of the Somme in 1916 was the main Allied attack on the Western Front during World War I. It is remembered for the significant loss of 58,000 British troops on the first day, with one-third of them killed, making it a one-day record.
The Battle of Romani in August 1916 halted the Turkish threat to the Suez Canal and marked the beginning of the British forces' advance out of Egypt and into Palestine. The British defenses, located east of the canal, successfully repelled the Turkish attack.
On September 15, 1916, British tanks were first sent into action at the Western Front during World War I. Despite limited success with only 49 tanks available, a significant breakthrough was achieved at the Battle of Cambrai on November 20, 1917.
On November 19, 1916, the command of the 6th Battalion, The Royal Scots Fusiliers was assumed, signifying a significant leadership role during World War I.
The Battle of Verdun, a major engagement of World War I, concludes with a high number of casualties on both the French and German sides.
British intelligence intercepts the Zimmermann Telegram, a secret communication from Germany proposing an alliance with Mexico should the United States enter World War I.
The Battle of Cambrai in November 1917 was significant for being the first major use of tanks in warfare. Despite initial success, the effectiveness of tanks was questioned due to operational limitations and malfunctions.
Germany recommences unrestricted submarine warfare, a significant naval tactic during World War I, which had been halted following the sinking of the Lusitania.
On February 3, 1917, the United States cut off diplomatic ties with Germany.
In March 1917, British forces successfully captured the city of Baghdad during World War I.
The Capture of Baghdad on March 11, 1917, was a key event during World War I, marking the British victory over the Ottoman Empire and the occupation of Baghdad. This victory played a crucial role in the Mesopotamian Campaign.
Tsar Nicholas II abdicates the throne following the Russian Revolution, leading to the overthrow of the Romanov dynasty and the rise of Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks.
In April 1917, the United States entered World War I on the side of England against Germany. This marked a significant shift in global power dynamics and led to various changes in American society, including the passing of immigration restriction laws.
Germany sinks the SS Aztec, a U.S. cargo ship bound for France.
The United States declares war on Germany, citing reasons such as unrestricted submarine warfare and the 'Zimmermann Telegram', significantly altering the dynamics of the global conflict.
The Liberty Loan program was initiated by the U.S. government during World War I to raise funds through the sale of war bonds to support the war effort.
The Canadian Corps launched an Easter Sunday offensive at Vimy Ridge in northern France, claiming a quick and decisive victory over the Germans in three days, marking the corps as an elite force.
President Woodrow Wilson formally requests Congress to declare war, marking the beginning of the United States' involvement in World War I, which will last until November 11, 1918.
The Battle of the Boot in 1917 marked the conclusion of the British army's Samarra Offensive led by Sir Frederick Stanley Maude against the Turkish railroad at Samarra in Mesopotamia.
The U.S. Congress authorizes the Selective Service Act, initiating the first military draft since the Civil War.
On June 7, 1917, General John J. Pershing, the newly appointed commander of the American Expeditionary Forces, arrived in England with his staff.
Lloyd George suggested assisting the Italians in capturing Trieste during a meeting of the War Policy Committee. He explicitly stated his preference for Italian soldiers to be sacrificed rather than British soldiers.
On June 24, 1917, American combat forces arrived in France during World War I.
Captain Thomas Edward Lawrence proposed a daring plan to attack Akaba from the land side, a port on the Red Sea, now part of Jordan, during World War I.
World War I begins, a global conflict that lasted from July 28, 1914, to November 11, 1918.
Appointed as the Minister of Munitions in Lloyd George’s coalition Government, playing a crucial role in the war effort.
The War Policy Committee reluctantly approved the Flanders Offensive on this date, with the condition that it would not turn into a prolonged battle like the Somme.
The Battle of Passchendaele commenced on this date but faced challenges due to adverse weather conditions, turning the battlefield into a swamp.
On July 31, 1917, Congress passed the Espionage Act, which criminalized conveying information intended to interfere with the war effort or to aid the country's enemies, reflecting the government's efforts to maintain national security during World War I.
The Battle of Ypres in 1917 marked the end of the 'Race to the Sea' during World War I, where trench fortifications were hastily constructed as armies attempted to outflank each other.
Lloyd George attempted to involve the King in redirecting efforts against Austria-Hungary, emphasizing the conservation of manpower.
The 27th Infantry Division participated in a send-off parade in New York City before departing for training for World War I.
General Cadorna halted the Italian offensive as soon as heavy guns arrived from Britain and France, diverting resources from Passchendaele.
Lloyd George discussed with Painlevé the establishment of an Allied Supreme War Council and the appointment of Foch as generalissimo.
The 92nd and 93rd Infantry Divisions joined forces during World War I, playing significant roles in the war effort. These divisions were composed primarily of African American soldiers and made important contributions to the war despite facing racial discrimination and challenges.
Hankey noted in his diary that Lloyd George deliberately prolonged Passchendaele to undermine Haig and Robertson, making it easier to prevent similar offensives in 1918.
The decision to release the declaration was taken by the British War Cabinet on 31 October 1917.
The Balfour Declaration was issued, promising to establish a Jewish national home in Palestine.
Allied troops, mainly from the British Empire, launch an attack to capture key ridges near Ypres. They achieve victory after months of fighting in terrible conditions and sustaining heavy casualties.
A brutal World War I battle fought in the Ypres Salient from July to November 1917, resulting in heavy casualties and minimal territorial gains.
On November 7, 1917, Russia withdrew from World War I following the final stage of the revolution, impacting the dynamics of the war and leaving a significant power vacuum in the conflict.
On 12 November 1917, Lloyd George delivered a speech in Paris where he criticized the high casualties of recent Allied victories with sarcasm.
The 92nd and 93rd Infantry regiments, consisting of around 25,000 African American soldiers, fought alongside French infantry units in the Battle of the Argonne and the second Battle of the Marne during World War I. Despite high battle losses, the Buffalo Soldiers received recognition for their heroic service, with 68 soldiers being awarded the Croix de Guerre by the French government.
The Second Battle of Heligoland Bight was an indecisive naval engagement that took place during World War I. British cruisers ambushed German minesweepers in the Heligoland Bight, with the British battlecruiser Repulse scoring a direct hit on the German light cruiser SMS Konigsberg.
An angry debate took place in the Commons on 19 November, following events related to Lloyd George's response to warnings about potential German attacks.
A British offensive at Cambrai marks the first large-scale use of tanks in combat, demonstrating their potential but also highlighting challenges in sustaining breakthroughs and exploiting advantages.
On November 20, 1917, 474 British tanks were concentrated at the Battle of Cambrai during World War I, leading to a spectacular breakthrough. However, the tanks were deemed too slow and had a short operating range to fully exploit the breakthrough.
On November 23, 1917, the Bolsheviks released the previously secret Sykes-Picot Agreement, revealing the division of the Middle East between the British and French, which was later published in the Manchester Guardian.
A French munitions ship collides with a Belgian relief ship, resulting in 11,000 casualties.
The Manpower Committee was formed on 6 December 1917, with key figures like the Prime Minister and George Barnes, to address the manpower crisis during World War I.
The British capture Jerusalem from the Ottomans.
On December 11, 1917, Turkish armies were defeated and Jerusalem was entered by Edmund Allenby's troops.
On December 15, 1917, Russia signed an armistice with Germany during World War I.
On December 15, 1917, a temporary armistice was signed between Russia and Germany during World War I. This allowed for a brief cessation of hostilities between the two countries.
On 20 December 1917, Lloyd George argued in the House of Commons for further mobilization of men for the war effort, despite previous pledges to trade unions.
World War I came to an end in 1918, bringing relief and hope for a better future after years of turmoil and destruction.
U.S. President Woodrow Wilson outlines his Fourteen Points for peace.
On January 9, 1918, all Turkish troops withdrew from the Hejaz region after receiving a bribe of $2 million to help pay the Ottoman Empire's debts.
On February 8, 1918, President Woodrow Wilson presented his outline of Fourteen Points to Congress as a requirement for peace. This plan aimed to establish lasting peace after World War I by addressing territorial disputes, national self-determination, and the creation of an international organization.
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk is signed, leading to Russia's withdrawal from the war against Germany.
The Stars and Stripes newspaper starts its publication with an initial print run of one thousand copies. Second Lieutenant Guy T. Viskniskki becomes the first managing editor of the newspaper.
The Soviet government concludes a separate peace with the Central Powers through the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, resulting in significant territorial concessions and reshaping the Eastern Front of the war.
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, signed on March 3, 1918, brought an end to hostilities between Soviet Russia and Germany during World War I. The treaty had significant territorial and political implications for both parties.
Germany launches its ultimate offensive of the war on March 21, 1918.
Germany launched a full-scale Spring Offensive on 21 March against the British and French lines on the Western Front in World War I, aiming for victory before American troops arrived. The Allied armies retreated 40 miles, prompting London to send more troops and appoint French General Foch as commander in chief.
On 7 May 1918, Major-General Sir Frederick Maurice's letter accused Lloyd George and Law of misleading the House of Commons regarding the army's manpower in France, sparking a political controversy.
On 8 May 1918, Asquith proposed a Select Committee to investigate the accusations made by Major-General Sir Frederick Maurice, leading to a heated debate in the House of Commons.
In May 1918, American troops engaged in the Battle of Cantigny, capturing the town and depriving the Germans of a crucial observation point in their first major battle of World War I.
During World War I, the U.S. government took control of telephone and telegraph lines from June 1918 to July 1919. President Wilson later placed them under the management of the U.S. Post Office. The systems were eventually returned to private ownership.
On June 2, 1918, American forces successfully halted a German attempt to cross the Marne River at Chateau-Thierry.
The Second Battle of the Marne takes place, marking Germany’s last offensive during World War I.
In 1914, German forces were advancing towards Paris after victories in Battles of the Frontiers. General Joseph-Simon Gallieni was appointed as the military governor of Paris in anticipation of the German attack.
Adolf Hitler performs an act of bravery by saving the life of the 9th Company Commander.
The Aisne-Marne Offensive is a significant event that marks a major turning point in the fighting on the Western Front during World War I. It is followed by the British attack at Amiens, which is referred to as the 'Black Day of the German Army.'
On July 26, 1918, The Stars and Stripes newspaper suspended its Sporting Page.
Adolf Hitler is honored with the Iron Cross, 1st Class, for his service during World War I.
The Battle of Amiens saw one of the most successful advances of World War I, with Allied troops securing more than eight miles in the conflict’s first fog-covered day, causing large-scale German casualties and a fatal blow to morale.
The Hundred Days Offensive was a series of offensives launched by the Allies against the Central Powers during the final period of World War I, leading to the eventual defeat of Germany.
Francis Leonard Holtham, a furniture dealer and Benedict Cumberbatch's great-grandfather, was discharged from the British Army on September 11, 1918, under Paragraph 2 (d) of Army Order 265. He survived the war and returned to a career in furniture decoration.
The Battle of Saint-Mihiel is the first major offensive operation by General John J. Pershing’s American Expeditionary Forces during World War I.
The 107th Infantry of the 27th Division is seen advancing through barbed wire entanglements near Beauquesnes, Somme, France on September 13, 1918.
On September 16, 1918, a railway bridge between Amman and Dera'a was destroyed during the conflict.
The battles of the Meuse-Argonne take place, serving as the final confrontations on the Western Front in northeastern France during World War I.
The largest offensive in US military history, involving American forces in World War I against the German Empire on the Western Front.
The Battle of Cambrai was a World War I battle that saw the first large-scale use of tanks, revolutionizing warfare tactics.
The Battle of Le Transloy was a World War I battle between British and German forces in France, part of the larger Somme Offensive.
The Battle of Montbrehain was the last Australian battle on the Western Front during World War I, resulting in a decisive victory for the Australian forces.
The Battle of Courtrai was a World War I battle between British and German forces in Belgium, leading to the liberation of the city.
The Battle of the Selle was a World War I battle fought between the British and Australian forces against the German Empire in France.
Adolf Hitler is exposed to gas near Ypres during World War I.
The Battle of the Selle was a World War I battle fought between the British and Australian forces against the German Empire in France.
The Italian victory at Vittorio Veneto was a significant battle during World War I, leading to the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
The Second Battle of the Piave River was a key military engagement during World War I, resulting in a victory for the Italian forces against the Austro-Hungarian army.
American and French troops advance toward German positions in the Argonne Forest and along the Meuse River after a short artillery bombardment. It was the largest offensive in U.S. history and played a major role in bringing about an end to the war.
The Battle of Vittorio Veneto was the final offensive of the Italian Front during World War I, leading to the defeat of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
The Meuse-Argonne Offensive was the largest operation of the American Expeditionary Forces during World War I, resulting in the liberation of significant French territory.
Austria-Hungary signed an armistice with the Allied powers, effectively ending its participation in World War I.
The Ottoman Empire signed an armistice with the Allies, marking the end of its involvement in World War I.
World War I officially ended on this day with the signing of the Armistice of Compiègne, bringing an end to the devastating conflict.
World War I ended in November 1918, but global turmoil continued to impact the U.S., leading to concerns about revolution and unrest.
World War I comes to an end in November.
German Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates his throne and seeks refuge in Holland, leading to the proclamation of the German Republic, later known as the Weimar Republic.
On November 10, 1918, the Western Union Cable Office in North Sydney, Nova Scotia received a top-secret coded message from Europe predicting the cessation of all fighting on November 11, 1918, ending World War I.
Germany signs the Armistice at Compiègne on November 11, 1918, marking the end of World War I.
World War I came to an end on this day.
Emperor Wilhelm II formally abdicated on November 28, 1918.
Allied troops move into Germany and begin occupation after the signing of the armistice, marking the beginning of the post-war period in Germany.
British and American military forces enter German territory.
The campaign organized by The Stars and Stripes to raise funds and place war orphans for adoption concludes, raising 123,047 francs and placing 3,444 orphans.
The Treaty of Versailles was the peace treaty that officially ended World War I and imposed harsh penalties on Germany, leading to long-term consequences.
The Peace Conference met at Paris on January 12, 1919, to negotiate the terms of peace following the end of World War I.
The peace conference commences in Paris to negotiate terms and agreements following the end of World War I.
On January 18, 1919, the Peace Conference at Versailles was opened.
Many soldiers returned from World War I, marking the end of their service and the beginning of their transition back to civilian life.
The all-black 369th regiment, honored with the Croix de Guerre by the French, receives a victory parade in New York upon returning from Europe.
In June 1919, the Treaty of Versailles was signed, officially ending World War I and imposing heavy penalties on Germany.
On June 28, 1919, the Peace Treaty is signed at Versailles, marking the official end of World War I.
The Treaty of Versailles was signed in Paris, officially ending World War I. It imposed harsh penalties and restrictions on Germany, leading to significant resentment and contributing to future conflicts.
In July 1919, a year after being nationalized during World War I, telephone and telegraph lines in the United States were returned to private ownership. This marked the end of government control over the communication systems.
President Wilson suffered a massive stroke, leading to First Lady Edith Wilson effectively taking over his duties in what was described as a 'silent coup'.
Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg suggests to a parliamentary committee that Germany's defeat in World War I was due to failures on the home front, contributing to the 'stab-in-the-back myth'.
Allied and German representatives sign the Treaty of Versailles, officially ending World War I and imposing heavy penalties and territorial losses on Germany.
Lenah Sutcliffe Higbee was a pioneering nurse who became the first female recipient of the Navy Cross for her exceptional service and leadership as the Superintendent of the Navy Nurse Corps during World War I.
The United States Senate does not approve the Treaty of Versailles, leading to the country's decision not to join the League of Nations and pursue a more isolationist foreign policy.
The Treaty of Versailles, which was signed in 1919, officially comes into force, marking the beginning of a new era in international relations after World War I.
The U.S. Senate declines to ratify the Treaty of Versailles, resulting in the country's inability to join the League of Nations.
In August 24-29, 1921, the United States signed separate peace treaties with Germany, Austria, and Hungary, marking the end of their involvement in World War I.
The March on Rome was a march by Benito Mussolini and his supporters in 1922 to demand the Italian government to be handed over to Fascists. This event marked the beginning of Mussolini's dictatorship in Italy.
The Beer Hall Putsch was a failed coup attempt by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in 1923 to overthrow the Weimar Republic government in Germany. It resulted in Hitler's arrest and subsequent trial.
The Dawes Plan was an agreement in 1924 between the Allies and Germany to resolve World War I reparations that Germany had to pay. It restructured Germany's reparation payments and provided for US loans to Germany.
The Soldiers' Bonus Bill passes in March 1924.
The Liberty Memorial, now known as the National WWI Museum and Memorial, was opened in 1926 as a monument to the men and women who served in World War I. It stands as a symbol of honor and remembrance.
In 1927, Mr. Churchill's views on the war were published in N&A on March 5th, and later reprinted in New Republic on March 23rd.
Lenah Sutcliffe Higbee was a pioneering nurse who became the second Superintendent of the Navy Nurse Corps in 1908 and received the Navy Cross for her service during World War I.
The book explores how the soldiers in the trenches of the Great War understood and explained their battlefield experience, focusing on the evolution of their narratives and the dominance of the story revolving around tragedy and the soldier as victim. It challenges the conventional understanding of the war as tragedy and its soldiers as victims.
Focuses on the experiences and testimonies of French soldiers during World War I, shedding light on their personal struggles and challenges faced on the battlefield.
Investigates the events leading to the outbreak of World War I in July 1914, highlighting the roles of key figures and the escalating tensions among the Great Powers of Europe.
ANZAC Day is a national day of remembrance in Australia and New Zealand that commemorates the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) soldiers who fought at Gallipoli during World War I.
During the same period when Albert Einstein completed his general theory of relativity, he was supposed to take over as Director of the newly-founded Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics. However, this plan was postponed due to the outbreak of World War I.
As the Battle of Amiens approached zero hour, infantrymen made their last physical and spiritual preparations, resigned to the fatalistic nature of their situation after enduring months and years of carnage.