ADVERTISEMENT

Last Updated:
2024-09-22 08:21:10

Texas

Largest state in South Central US
Largest state in South Central US

Texas, the Lone Star State, is the second-largest US state by area and population. It was once an independent republic and joined the US in 1845. Texas has a diverse economy with major industries including oil, cattle, and technology. It leads in various sectors and has the most Fortune 500 company headquarters in the US. The state boasts diverse landscapes and major urban regions like Dallas-Fort Worth and Houston.

Community for Timeline Editors
Place where unique editors like you interact
235/440
0-01-01
Ancient Puebloan Ceremonies in Hueco Mountains

Ancient Puebloans in Hueco Mountains near El Paso held ceremonies in caves, believing them to be portals to a watery underworld. Artifacts like bracelets and pendants found in Ceremonial Cave indicate extensive trade routes among diverse communities.

100
Ceremonial Cave

Beginning at least 2,000 years ago near El Paso, ancient Puebloans conducted ceremonies in a cave, believing it to be a portal to a watery underworld. Artifacts found in Ceremonial Cave, such as a bracelet and pendants made of shells from distant coastal areas, indicate extensive trade routes.

700
Bow and Arrow

Information not provided.

0800
Origin of Texas Name from Caddo

The Caddo people, known for their agriculture-based lifestyle, lived in villages with earthen mounds and large plazas. The Spanish word 'Tejas' is derived from the Caddo word meaning 'those who are friends,' giving Texas its name.

1150
Antelope Creek People in Texas Panhandle

The Antelope Creek people inhabited present-day Texas panhandle, practicing horticulture and bison hunting in pueblo-like villages. Extensive trade and sudden departure around 1450 suggest factors like drought, disease, or conflicts with Apaches.

1400
Arrival of Lipan Apache in Texas

Historians believe Lipan Apache migrated to Texas from Canada between 1000 and 1400. Their settlement in Texas by the 1600s, alongside the Mescalero Apache, influenced trade and territorial dynamics among the region's tribes.

1519
Spanish explorer Alonso Alvarez de Pineda maps the coastline of Texas

In 1519, Spanish explorer Alonso Alvarez de Pineda created the first known map of the Texas coastline.

1520
Alonso Álvarez de Pineda's Expedition

Alonso Álvarez de Pineda, on an expedition for the governor of Jamaica, Francisco de Garay, in 1520, became the first European to see Texas. He created the first map of the northern Gulf Coast during his search for a passage between the Gulf of Mexico and Asia.

1528
Karankawa Encountered Spaniards

In 1528, Spanish explorer Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca encountered the Karankawa tribe when he washed up on a Galveston beach. This event marked the first recorded meeting between Europeans and Texas American Indians, as documented in Cabeza de Vaca's diary.

1536
Álvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca Returns to Mexico City

In 1536, Spanish soldiers returned Álvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca to Mexico City after several years of captivity among various Texas American Indian tribes. His detailed diary became a valuable primary source for understanding the early life and peoples of Texas.

1542
Publication of The Narrative of Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca

In 1542, Álvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca published his memoirs, The Narrative of Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, after returning to Spain. The memoirs provided insights into his harrowing experiences as a captive slave and his encounters with Texas American Indians.

1543
Hernando de Soto Expedition in Texas

In 1543, the Hernando de Soto expedition entered Texas from the east, becoming the first Europeans to visit the Caddo peoples. The expedition turned back to the Mississippi River after leaving Caddo territory and finding nomadic tribes without food stores to sustain the Spanish.

1581
First Catholic mass in Texas

In 1581, Franciscans traveling through La Junta performed the first Catholic mass in Texas.

1598-04-30
Ceremony of Thanksgiving near El Paso

On April 30, 1598, Juan de Oñate and his expedition, along with natives of the region, held a ceremony of thanksgiving near present-day El Paso. The event included a feast with Spaniards providing game, Indians supplying fish, Franciscan missionaries celebrating mass, and Oñate claiming land for King Philip II of Spain.

1610
Establishment of Pueblo Missions in Texas

By 1610, Spanish conquistadors had set up a capital in Santa Fe and began efforts to convert Native Americans to Christianity and Spanish culture. Franciscan friars were tasked with establishing missions, with some priests venturing into West Texas from the pueblos of New Mexico.

1629
Spanish revisiting the Jumano people

In 1629, the Spanish revisited the Jumano people, who had been trading partners with the Spanish for centuries. This encounter marked a continuation of the relationship between the Spanish and the Jumano in the region.

1632
First Mission in Texas

In 1632, Fray Juan de Salas and Fray Diego León became the first Spanish missionaries in Texas. They established a mission near present-day San Angelo to evangelize the Jumanos, but had to abandon it after six months due to lack of supplies and defense.

1670
La Junta Mission

The La Junta Mission was established in 1670 in Texas.

1682
Construction of Ysleta Mission by Tigua tribe

The Tigua tribe built the Ysleta Mission in El Paso in 1682, which is one of the longest continually occupied religious buildings in the United States.

1685-02-18
Establishment of Fort St. Louis at Matagorda Bay by Robert Cavelier, Sieur de LaSalle

In 1685, Robert Cavelier, Sieur de LaSalle founded Fort St. Louis at Matagorda Bay, which laid the foundation for France's claim to Texas. However, two years later, LaSalle was killed by his own men.

1689-04-22
Alonso de Leon's Expedition to Fort St. Louis

In 1689, Alonso de Leon led an expedition to Fort St. Louis in Texas, only to find it deserted. The fort, established in 1685 by Robert Cavelier de La Salle, was a significant site during the French colonization of Texas.

1716
Establishment of Catholic missions in Texas by Spain

From 1716 to 1789, Spain initiated the establishment of Catholic missions in Texas, including the towns of San Antonio, Goliad, and Nacogdoches. One of these missions, San Antonio de Valero, later became known as The Alamo.

1718-05-01
Founding of San Antonio

On May 1, 1718, the Spanish established a mission-presidio complex midway between the Rio Grande Valley and East Texas, founding the city of San Antonio. The mission of San Antonio de Valero, later known as the Alamo, was relocated to its current location in 1724.

1719-06
French Takeover of Mission San Miguel de los Adaes

In June 1719, seven Frenchmen from Natchitoches seized control of the mission San Miguel de los Adaes from its defender, leading to the Spanish colonists fleeing to San Antonio due to the War of the Quadruple Alliance.

1730
Ranching in Texas Originated near San Antonio and Goliad

In the 1730s, ranching in Texas began near San Antonio and Goliad as individual ranchers gained prominence with generous land grants from the Spanish Crown, following the decline of missions in the region.

1731-08-01
First Election in Texas

In the first election held in Texas, voters choose officials of the municipal government of San Fernando.

1743
Comanche

In 1743, the Comanche tribe played a significant role in the history of Texas, impacting various aspects of the region's development and interactions with other groups.

1745
Cotton Production at San Antonio Missions

The missions at San Antonio are producing several thousand pounds of cotton annually.

1749
Apache and Spanish Peace

In 1749, there was a peace agreement between the Apache and Spanish forces. This event marked a significant diplomatic development in the region, potentially impacting the interactions between various indigenous groups and European colonizers.

1758-03-16
Destruction of Santa Cruz de San Sabá Mission

Santa Cruz de San Sabá mission near present-day Menard is destroyed and eight residents are killed by Comanches and their allies.

1762
France relinquishes claim to Texas

In 1762, France ceded all of Louisiana west of the Mississippi River to Spain, relinquishing their claim to Texas as part of the treaty to end the Seven Years' War. This led to the closure of Los Adaes and the relocation of its residents.

1763
Alabama Coushatta migration to Big Thicket

Due to British colonial expansion, the Alabama and Coushatta Tribes migrated from Alabama to Big Thicket in Texas, eventually moving into Spanish Texas by 1780.

1766-09-04
First Recorded Hurricane in Texas

Texas' first recorded hurricane strikes near Galveston.

1779
Trade Opens Up between Texas and Louisiana

In 1779, the trade ban between Texas and Louisiana was lifted, allowing Spanish ranchers to drive their cattle into the French territory of Louisiana along the Old San Antonio Road. This led to increased profitability in ranching and the emergence of New Orleans as a major market for ranchers.

1780
Reversal of Trade Ban by Spanish Colonial Government

Shortly after lifting the trade ban in 1779, the Spanish colonial government reversed their decision due to increased smuggling. Despite the ban, illicit trade with Louisiana continued, with ranchers and missionaries uniting against Spain's trade regulations.

1785
Comanche Peace Treaty with Spanish

In 1785, the Comanche agreed to a peace treaty with the Spanish, allowing Spaniards to travel through their lands. Spain offered assistance to the Comanche in their conflict with the Apache, leading to 30 years of peace. The Comanche emerged as a dominant force in trade and warfare in the region.

1790-01
Battle against the Mescalero and Lipan Apaches

In January 1790, the Comanche assisted the Spanish in a battle against the Mescalero and Lipan Apaches at Soledad Creek west of San Antonio. The Apaches were defeated, leading to a decrease in raids.

1793
Secularization of mission San Antonio de Valero

In 1793, mission San Antonio de Valero was secularized, marking the beginning of the end for the missions in San Antonio. The following year, the remaining missions were partially secularized.

1795
End of Mustang Fund taxes

In 1795, ranchers were no longer required to pay the Mustang Fund taxes and were given a tax-free year to round up and brand wild livestock, leading to increased transportation of cattle to markets in Louisiana and northern Mexico for trade.

1807
Cherokees settlement in Texas

In 1807, Cherokees were first reported in Texas as they established a village on the Red River, seeking refuge from American expansion. Spanish authorities in Nacogdoches approved their settlement to use them as a buffer against further American expansion.

1812-08-08
Gutierrez-Magee Expedition against Spanish rule in Texas

On August 8, 1812, the Gutierrez-Magee Expedition, comprising around 130 men, crossed the Sabine River from Louisiana in a rebellion against Spanish authority in Texas.

1813-08-18
Battle of Medina

In the bloodiest battle ever fought on Texas soil, the Battle of Medina, a Spanish royalist force defeated a republican force fighting for Mexican independence. There were 1,300 soldiers killed in the battle, which occurred 20 miles south of San Antonio.

1813-12-26
Moses Austin granted permission to establish Anglo-American colony in Texas

The Spanish government allows Moses Austin to create a settlement of Anglo-Americans in the Texas area. After his death, his son Stephen F. Austin continues the colonization efforts.

1817-03-27
Last Spanish governor of Texas appointed

On March 27, 1817, the last Spanish governor of Texas was appointed. This event marked the end of Spanish colonial rule in Texas as it transitioned towards Mexican control.

1820
From Austin to Texas

In 1820, Moses Austin secured permission to settle 300 Anglo American families in Texas, but his plans were carried out by his son, Stephen F. Austin, after Moses' death. Stephen F. Austin renegotiated the grant and began bringing settlers to Texas in December 1821.

1823-01-03
Stephen F. Austin's plan approved to bring 'Old Three Hundred' families to Texas

Mexican officials approve Stephen F. Austin's proposal to bring three hundred families to settle along the Brazos River, forming the group known as the 'Old Three Hundred'.

1823-08-04
Stephen F. Austin Hires Texas Rangers for Defense

On August 4, 1823, the Mexican government informed Stephen F. Austin that it would not provide resources to administer or defend the Tejas colonies. Austin then hired ten men to act as rangers for defense, marking the beginning of the Texas Rangers.

1824
Mexico Wins Independence from Spain; Austin Founds New Colony

In the period between 1820 and 1824, Mexico gained independence from Spain. During this time, Stephen F. Austin also established a new colony in Texas, contributing to the region's development and growth.

1826-10-30
Irish trader takes citizenship oath

An Irish trader officially becomes a citizen by taking an oath.

1826-12-21
Declaration of Independence of Fredonia signed

The Declaration of Independence of the republic of Fredonia is signed at Nacogdoches, marking the Fredonian Rebellion led by empresario Haden Edwards in an attempt to separate his colony from Mexico.

1828
Conflict on the Horizon

In 1828, tensions were rising in Texas as a result of the Fredonian Rebellion and the restrictions on immigration imposed by Mexico, foreshadowing future conflicts in the region.

1829-09-15
Guerrero Decree

President Vincente R. Guerrero issued a decree on September 15, 1829, which aimed to abolish slavery throughout the Republic of Mexico. This decree caused concern among Anglo settlers in Texas, leading to petitions to exempt Texas from the law and sowing the seeds of revolution.

1829-09-25
First Issue of the Texas Gazette Published

On September 25, 1829, the first issue of the Texas Gazette was published in San Felipe de Austin. The newspaper provided English translations of Mexican government laws and decrees to keep settlers informed until 1832.

1830-04-06
Mexico Bans U.S. Immigration

Mexico prohibited further immigration from the United States on April 6, 1830, due to fears of losing control of Texas. This led to increased migration from Mexico and European countries, stricter slavery regulations, and heightened military presence in the region.

1831
First German Family Arrives in Texas

Johann Friedrich Ernst, his wife, and five children become the first German family to settle in present-day Austin County, Texas. Ernst's letter describing Texas as an earthly Eden attracts more German families to migrate to southeastern Texas.

1832-06-10
Conflict at Anahuac

Texan insurgents occupying buildings at Anahuac are fired upon by Mexican military, resulting in the death of five Mexican soldiers and one Texan.

1832-06-26
Battle of Velasco

The Battle of Velasco in June 1832 marked the first significant conflict between Texas and Mexico, resulting in the surrender of Mexican forces led by Domingo de Ugartechea due to lack of ammunition.

1832-08-02
Attack at Nacogdoches

Texan insurgents in Nacogdoches attack Mexican military forces, resulting in the death of 47 Mexican soldiers and four Texans. Around 300 Mexican soldiers are taken prisoner and marched to San Antonio.

1833-04-01
Second Convention at San Felipe de Austin

A second convention at San Felipe de Austin reiterates the petitions of the Convention of 1832 and drafts a proposed constitution for the new state of Texas.

1835-10-02
Battle of Gonzales

On October 2, 1835, Texans successfully repelled Mexican cavalry troops at the Battle of Gonzales, marking the beginning of the Texas Revolution.

1836-02-23
Battle of the Alamo

In February 1836, the Alamo became a fortress for rebel fighters and a hiding place for women and children of San Antonio. After a twelve-day siege, the compound was overrun by Mexican forces, resulting in a bloody battle and significant damage to the site.

1836-03-01
Convention of 1836 at Washington-on-the-Brazos

On March 1, 1836, 59 delegates gathered at Washington-on-the-Brazos for the Convention of 1836. During this event, the Texas Declaration of Independence was drafted and adopted on March 2, along with the Texas Constitution. This marked a crucial step towards establishing the new Republic of Texas.

1836-03-02
Texas Declaration of Independence

On March 2, 1836, 58 delegates at Washington-on-the-Brazos signed the Texas Declaration of Independence, marking the birth of the Republic of Texas. The document outlined the reasons for separating from Mexico and establishing Texas as an independent nation.

1836-03-06
Battle of the Alamo

The 13-day siege of the Alamo by Mexican troops led by Santa Anna ends with a battle where all remaining defenders are killed.

1836-04-21
Battle of San Jacinto

Texans under Sam Houston defeated the Mexican forces of Santa Anna, securing independence in a pivotal battle.

1836-12-02
Historic steamer arrives in Texas

A significant historic steamer docks in Texas.

1837-03-13
Greenberry Logan's Petition to Remain in Texas

Greenberry Logan, a free person of color who fought in the Siege of Bexar, submitted a petition with his wife Caroline in March 1837 to stay in Texas despite the Texas Constitution seeking to remove free persons of color. Their request was honored by Congress.

1837-06-12
Texas Legislature Authorizes Rangers to Employ Friendly American Indian Tribes

In June 1837, the Texas Legislature passed an act allowing Rangers to utilize the services of 'friendly' American Indian tribes as scouts and spies. This led to the collaboration between Ranger John (Jack) Coffee Hays and Lipan Apache chief Flacco, who played a crucial role in battles against the Comanches.

1838
Zylpha “Zelia” Husk emigrates to Texas from Alabama

In 1838, Zylpha “Zelia” Husk moved to Texas from Alabama and worked as a laundress in Houston.

1839-01-01
Austin becomes capital of Texas

Under the leadership of the second president of Texas, Mirabeau B. Lamar, the capital was moved to Austin from Houston. The decision was made to relocate the capital closer to the original Texas settlements, leading to the selection of the village of Waterloo, which was later renamed Austin.

1839-01-26
Texas Adopts Lone Star Flag

In January 1839, the official State flag of Texas, known as the Lone Star flag, was adopted as the official flag of the Republic of Texas.

1839-07-16
Cherokee War

In July 1839, Republic of Texas President Mirabeau B. Lamar ordered the expulsion or extermination of American Indian tribes, leading to the Battle of the Neches where Cherokees were defeated in their attempt to retain land granted by a previous treaty.

1840-03-19
1840 Council House Fight

President Lamar ordered the Rangers to attack Comanche villages in Texas, leading to a deadly confrontation at the Council House in San Antonio where both Texans and Comanche war chiefs, women, and children lost their lives.

1840-08-11
Battle of Plum Creek

The Battle of Plum Creek marked the end of a significant Comanche challenge to the Texas Republic near Lockhart.

1840-08-12
1840 Battle of Plum Creek

John (Jack) Coffee Hays led a group of Rangers in a battle against raiding Comanches near Plum Creek, resulting in the death of 150 Comanches and a significant victory for the Texans.

1841-10-30
Pioneer Texas doctor born in Alabama

A pioneer doctor, who later becomes associated with Texas, is born in Alabama.

1842-03-05
Mexican Invasion of Texas under Rafael Vasquez

A Mexican force led by Rafael Vasquez invaded Texas, briefly occupying San Antonio before returning to the Rio Grande.

1842-09-11
Mexican Capture of San Antonio under Adrian Woll

San Antonio was captured by 1400 Mexican troops under Adrian Woll, who retreated with prisoners after the capture.

1842-12-20
Mier Expedition Surrender

Some 300 members of the Somervell force continued raids into Mexico, leading to the ill-fated Mier Expedition surrendering at the Mexican town of Mier.

1842-12-29
Archives War in Texas

Under orders of Sam Houston, officials arrived in Austin to remove the records of the Republic of Texas to Houston, sparking the bloodless Archives War.

1843-03-25
Black Bean Episode Execution

Seventeen Texans were executed in the Black Bean Episode, a consequence of the Mier Expedition and other raids into Mexico by Texans.

1843-03-28
Tehuacana Creek Council

The Tehuacana Creek Council took place on March 28, 1843, where various Indian tribes such as the Caddos, Delawares, Wacos, and others met with Texas officials for the first council. This significant event occurred just south of present-day Waco.

1843-05-27
Texan’s Snively Expedition reaches Santa Fe Trail

The Texan’s Snively Expedition reached the Santa Fe Trail with the intention of capturing Mexican wagons in the territory claimed by Texas, but the campaign was halted due to intervention by American troops.

1844
Navarro Escapes from Prison

In 1844, Navarro escaped from prison and was taken to Cuba and New Orleans by a British vessel before returning to Texas. His involvement in the Santa Fé Expedition and time in a Mexican prison further enhanced his reputation as a hero for signing the Texas Declaration of Independence.

1845-02-04
Secessionist paper founded in Marshall

A secessionist newspaper is established in Marshall.

1845-12-29
Texas becomes the 28th state of the United States

U. S. President James Polk fulfilled his promise to annex Texas by signing legislation that officially made Texas the 28th state of the United States.

1845-12-29
Texas becomes the 28th state of the United States

On December 29, 1845, Texas officially became the 28th state to join the United States, marking a significant event in the nation's history.

1846-01-13
Fort Inge established on Texas frontier

Fort Inge is established on the Texas frontier.

1846-02-19
Transfer of Texas Republic to United States

On February 19, 1846, in Austin, Texas, the Texas Republic's president formally transferred power to the new governor of the U.S. state of Texas. The Texas Republic officially became part of the United States. The transfer, welcomed by the majority of Texans, was the culmination of years of negotiation and effort.

1846-04-25
Mexican-American War

The Mexican-American War began due to disputes over Texas boundaries, resulting in fixing Texas' southern boundary at the Rio Grande River.

1846-05-08
Annexation of Texas to the United States

After a decade of independence from Mexico, Texas was annexed to the United States during President James Polk's administration following a lengthy diplomatic process.

1846-05-13
Declaration of War by U.S. Congress

The U.S. Congress officially declared war on Mexico on May 13, 1846, following the Battle of Palo Alto and escalating tensions over the Texas-Mexico border dispute.

1846-10-30
German furniture artist arrives in Texas

A German furniture artist arrives in Texas.

1847-02-19
Treaty between Comanche Chiefs and German Settlers

Head chiefs for the Comanche, including Buffalo Hump and Santa Anna, signed a treaty with John O. Meusebach on behalf of German settlers. The treaty allowed settlers to travel into Comancheria and for the Comanche to visit white settlements, opening up more than three million acres of land for settlement.

1848-01-15
Texas Germans declare slavery to be evil

Texas Germans make a declaration denouncing slavery as evil.

1848-02-02
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

The Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, signed on February 2, 1848, marked the end of the U.S.-Mexican War and resulted in Mexico ceding a significant amount of territory to the United States, including present-day Texas.

1850-11-25
Texas signs the Compromise of 1850

On November 25, 1850, Texas' governor signed the Compromise of 1850, relinquishing its claim to vast territories including parts of New Mexico, Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Wyoming in exchange for the United States assuming $10 million of Texas' debt. Texas retained its public lands.

1851-08-19
First Czech Immigration to Texas

The first Czech immigrants, led by Jozef Šilar, began their journey to Texas on August 19, 1851, attracted by the rich farmland of Central Texas.

1852-05
Lone Star State Fair

The first Lone Star State Fair in Corpus Christi marked a period of prosperity in Texas during the 1850s, organized by Henry L. Kinney with Dr. Ashbel Smith as the fair's manager.

1853-10-29
Alabama Reservation Established in Polk County

On October 29, 1853, Alabama Chief Antone and tribal subchiefs, along with prominent citizens of Polk County, successfully petitioned the Texas legislature for a reservation. This was a gesture of gratitude for the tribes' support during the Texas Revolution in 1836.

1854
Upper and Lower Brazos Reservations

Upper and Lower Brazos Reservation was established in northern Texas for about 2,000 Caddo, Keechi, Waco, Delaware, Tonkawa, and Penateka Comanche tribes. However, due to attacks by white settlers and encroachments, the tribes were forcibly removed to Indian Territory in present-day Oklahoma.

1856-04-29
Texas Camel Experiment

In 1856, a shipment of 32 camels arrived at the port of Indianola, backed by the US military. The Texas Camel Experiment utilized the camels to transport supplies across the 'Great American Desert'.

1858-01-27
Governor Hardin Runnels funded 100 Rangers led by Senior Captain John 'RIP' Ford

In January 27, 1858, Texas Governor Hardin Runnels allocated $70,000 to support a force of 100 Rangers under the leadership of Senior Captain John 'RIP' Ford to combat attacks from American Indian tribes and Mexican soldiers.

1860
Texas joined Confederacy; Civil War began

Between 1860 and 1865, Texas joined the Confederacy and the Civil War began, impacting the state significantly during this period.

1861-02-01
Texas Secession from the Union

On February 1, 1861, Texas seceded from the Federal Union after a 171 to 6 vote by the Secession Convention. Governor Sam Houston was among the minority who opposed secession.

1861-03-02
Texas Joins the Confederate States of America

On March 2, 1861, Texas officially joined the Confederate States of America after declaring its secession from the United States.

1861-10-22
Brigade of General H. H. Sibley March

In October 1861, advance units of the Brigade of General H. H. Sibley marched from San Antonio to claim New Mexico and the American southwest for the Confederacy.

1861-12-21
Formation of 1861 Ranger Frontier Regiment

In response to the requirement for all able-bodied men to report for service to the Confederate Army, the Texas Legislature authorized the formation of the Frontier Regiment in 1861. These Rangers were tasked with defending Texas colonies and forts from Comanche and Kiowa raids along a 500-mile line from the Red River to the Rio Grande.

1863-01-01
Battle of Galveston

The Battle of Galveston on January 1, 1863, restored the island to Texas control after weeks of Federal occupation, lasting for the remainder of the Civil War.

1864-09-12
Battle of Adobe Walls

U.S. Army Col. Kit Carson led 350 California and New Mexico volunteer cavalry against Comanche and Kiowa camps near the abandoned 'Adobe Walls' trading post in the Texas Panhandle. After a battle of several hours, Carson and his troops narrowly escaped, outnumbered by about 1,400 Comanche, Kiowa, and Apache warriors.

1865-01-15
Former Texan rallies Union troops, awarded Medal of Honor

A former Texan leads and motivates Union troops, receiving the Medal of Honor for bravery.

1865-05-10
Confederate guerilla leader arrested by own side

A Confederate guerilla leader is apprehended by their own faction.

1865-05-12
Battle of Palmito Ranch

The last battle of the Civil War, the Battle of Palmito Ranch, was fought in Texas on May 12, 1865, involving the 2nd Texas Cavalry Battalion (U.S.).

1865-05-13
Battle of Palmito Ranch

On May 13, 1865, the Battle of Palmito Ranch in far south Texas became the last land engagement of the Civil War, occurring after Gen. Lee's surrender at Appomattox, VA.

1865-06-19
Juneteenth

Juneteenth is a holiday commemorating the emancipation of enslaved African Americans in the United States. It is celebrated on June 19th each year, marking the day in 1865 when Union soldiers arrived in Galveston, Texas, with news that the Civil War had ended and that the enslaved were now free. The holiday celebrates freedom, achievement, and African American culture.

1866-10-30
Alleged participants in mob killing go on trial

Individuals accused of involvement in a mob killing face trial.

1868
George T. Ruby elected to Texas Senate

George T. Ruby, one of nine African American delegates to the 1868 Constitutional Convention, was elected to the Texas Senate a year later, making him the first African American to serve in the legislature.

1870-03-30
Texas Readmitted to the Union

After meeting the conditions set during Reconstruction, including nullifying acts of secession, abolishing slavery, and ratifying the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments, Texas was readmitted to the United States by President Ulysses S. Grant.

1870-05-20
Stance's Stand

Sergeant Emmanuel Stance of the 9th Cavalry embarked on a mission to rescue two children captured in an Apache raid. Stance and his men engaged in multiple battles with the Apaches, successfully recovering the children and stolen horses. His bravery led to him being awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor, making him the first African American soldier to receive this honor in the post-Civil War era.

1871
Inspecting Texas

General William T. Sherman led the 10th Cavalry on an inspection tour of the Texas frontier to assess the safety of white settlers from Indian threats. Covering over 34,000 miles, they created detailed maps of the region's geographical features, aiding in the development of the unsettled territory.

1872
Battle of North Fork

During an expedition to the Llano Estacado, US Cavalry and Tonkawa scouts attacked a Comanche village on the North Fork of the Red River. The attack resulted in the capture of women, children, and a large horse herd. Casualties included three soldiers killed, seven wounded, 50 Comanche killed, and seven wounded.

1873
Buffalo Soldiers stationed in Texas

Black troops in the U.S. Army, known as Buffalo Soldiers, were stationed in Texas, the Southwest, and the Great Plains. They were given this name by Native Americans. The Buffalo Soldiers from the 9th and 10th Cavalry, and the 24th and 25th Infantry regiments, participated in various frontier campaigns and performed military duties like constructing roads and escorting mail parties.

1874-01-17
Coke-Davis Dispute ended peacefully

The Coke-Davis Dispute in Texas ended peacefully in Austin on January 17, 1874, with E. J. Davis relinquishing the governor's office to Richard Coke. This marked the beginning of a democratic party dynasty in Texas that lasted for over a century.

1874-05-01
Suppression of Lawlessness

In 1874, efforts were made to suppress lawlessness in the region. This action aimed to maintain order and security amidst the changing dynamics brought about by various conflicts and developments.

1874-06-01
Start of the Red River War

The U.S. Army initiated the Red River War campaign on June 1, 1874, aiming to relocate Comanche, Kiowa, Southern Cheyenne, and Arapaho tribes from the southwest plains to reservations in Indian Territory. Led by Comanche Chief Quanah Parker, the tribes engaged in battles against the Army in the Texas panhandle around the Red River.

1874-06-27
Second Battle of Adobe Walls

During the winter of 1873‒1874, Southern Plains Indians, led by Isa-tai and Quanah Parker, launched an attack on buffalo hunters at Adobe Walls in the Texas Panhandle. This event marked the beginning of the Red River War.

1876-02-15
Adoption of Present Texas Constitution

The current Texas Constitution was adopted on February 15, 1876, shaping the governance and legal framework of the state.

1876-10-04
Opening of Texas A&M

On October 4, 1876, the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, now known as Texas A&M, opened its doors. This marked Texas's first foray into public higher education, with a semester tuition of $10.

1877-07-26
Staked Plains Horror

The Staked Plains Horror is mentioned with the date July 26, 1877, but details about this event are not provided in the input.

1878
The Staked Plains Horror

Sixty 10th Cavalry Buffalo Soldiers led by Captain Nicholas Nolan became lost in the waterless Llano Estacado while pursuing raiding Comanches. Soldiers resorted to drinking the blood of their dead horses to survive, resulting in four deaths. The incident, known as 'The Staked Plains Horror,' garnered national attention.

1879
Expansion of Railroads in Texas

By 1879, the railroads had fully extended their reach into Texas, with 2,440 miles of track. This expansion played a significant role in ending the legendary cattle drives as it provided a more efficient means of transportation.

1880-08-06
Battle with Apache Chief Victorio

In August 1880, detachments of the 10th Cavalry and 25th Infantry engaged in battles with the Warm Springs and Mescalero Apaches under Chief Victorio in southern New Mexico and West Texas. The Apaches were eventually driven back into Mexico, where Victorio was killed by Mexican soldiers.

1881
Lipan Apache Pursued into Mexico

In 1881, a small war party of Lipan Apache attacked and looted the house of an American settler in Texas, leading to the killing of two people. Thirty Black-Seminole Scouts under Lt. John L. Bullis pursued the raiders into Mexico, marking the final military action against American Indians by the United States in Texas.

1882
Alex Sweet praises the Texas Rangers

In 1882, Alex Sweet, the editor of Texas Siftings humor magazine, acknowledged the significant role of the Texas Rangers in maintaining law and order, capturing criminals, and preventing raids by Mexican and Indian groups on the frontier.

1883-09-01
1883 Night Nippers

Cattlemen and ranchers in Texas engaged in conflict over the use of barbed wire fencing. Armed groups known as 'nippers' cut through the wire at night, causing around $20 million in damages. The Texas Rangers intervened, with Ranger Ira Aten suggesting explosive devices on the fences, a proposal that was rejected.

1883-09-15
University of Texas inaugural session

The University of Texas commenced its inaugural session in Austin on September 15, 1883, offering courses in the Academic Department and a Law Department. This marked the beginning of higher education in Texas.

1887-10
First Service of Dabney Hill Missionary Baptist Church

In October 1887, the Dabney Hill Missionary Baptist Church held its first service, becoming the center of the Dabney Hill Freedman’s settlement in Burleson County, providing African Americans a sanctuary from the discrimination in the Jim Crow South.

1888-05-16
Dedication of the present state capital in Austin

On May 16, 1888, the dedication of the present state capital in Austin concluded seven years of planning and construction. The building was funded with 3,000,000 acres of land from north Texas.

1888-12-01
In the Vanguard

General Benjamin Grierson praised the officers and men of the 10th Cavalry for their gallant and zealous devotion to duty, enduring hardships, privations, and dangers while in contact with warlike and savage Plains Indians.

1891-01-20
James Hogg becomes the first native-born governor of Texas

James Hogg took office as the first native-born governor of Texas based on a campaign platform calling for the regulation of railroads and big business.

1892
Drilling Begins in Beaumont

In 1892, drilling for oil began in Beaumont, Texas, led by Anthony F. Lucas, a salt mining engineer. Despite initial challenges such as quicksand, Lucas persisted in exploring the area for oil over the next nine years.

1893
Formation of Texas Equal Rights Association

The Texas Equal Rights Association was established in 1893 as the first statewide women's suffrage organization in Texas. Led by Rebecca Henry Hays, the TERA advocated for women's voting and political rights, including the right to hold office.

1894-06-09
The Corsicana Boom

In 1894, crews drilling for water in Corsicana accidentally discovered oil, leading to an oil boom. The excessive drilling caused chaos and a drop in oil prices. To address the contamination and waste, Corsicana established the Magnolia Petroleum Company, later known as Mobil.

1896-02-21
One Riot, One Ranger

In 1896, the Texas Legislature banned prizefighting, leading to the famous incident where Ranger Captain Bill McDonald single-handedly intervened to stop the Fitzsimmons-Maher fight in Langtry. This event gave rise to the iconic slogan 'One Riot, One Ranger'.

1897
End of African American Participation in Texas Legislature

After the 1897 session of the Texas legislature, African American participation in the state's legislative body ceased for 70 years due to the implementation and enforcement of Jim Crow laws, preventing African Americans from being elected until 1966.

1898-04-01
Charge of Major General Shafter in the War with Spain

Major General Shafter led a significant charge in the war with Spain in 1898, where 17,000 troops, including 3,000 Buffalo Soldiers, were involved in the battle in Cuba. The 24th Infantry and the 9th and 10th Cavalry played crucial roles in the charge up San Juan Hill alongside Teddy Roosevelt and his Rough Riders.

1899-03-29
First State Regulation

In 1899, Texas enacted the first laws regulating the oil industry, requiring operators to cap off wells to protect groundwater and prevent natural gas from escaping into the air.

1900
Galveston hit by a hurricane

In 1900, Galveston, Texas, was devastated by a hurricane that resulted in the loss of thousands of lives.

1901-01-10
Spindletop Gusher

On January 10, 1901, the Spindletop gusher blew in near Beaumont, Texas, changing the state forever. Wildcatter Anthony F. Lucas was proven right about the oil reserves under the salt dome as the gusher shot a tower of pure crude 100 feet in the air.

1902-12
Introduction of poll tax for voting

In December 1902, the poll tax became a requirement for voting in Texas.

1905
Texas buys the Alamo buildings

In 1905, the state of Texas acquired the remaining buildings of the Alamo and entrusted the custodianship to the Daughters of the Republic of Texas, who continue to maintain the site as a popular tourist attraction.

1906-07-28
Texans can vote for U.S. senator in Democratic primary

For the first time in 1906, Texans could vote for U.S. senator in the Democratic primary, although the Legislature retained ultimate appointment authority.

1909
Robert Lloyd Smith's Service in Theodore Roosevelt's Administration

Following his tenure in the Texas legislature, Robert Lloyd Smith served in Theodore Roosevelt's administration until 1909, contributing to governmental affairs and policies.

1910-03-02
First military air flight in a Wright brothers plane in Texas

Lt. Benjamin D. Foulois made the first military air flight in a Wright brothers plane at Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio in 1910, marking the shaky beginnings of the U.S. Air Force.

1910-07-29
Slocum Massacre

The Slocum Massacre took place on July 29, 1910, in Slocum, Texas, where white residents attacked African American neighborhoods due to rumors of an uprising. The violence resulted in the deaths of at least six African Americans, with estimates suggesting up to 100 casualties. The attackers were never prosecuted, leading to a significant exodus of African Americans from Anderson County.

1911
20,000 U.S. Troops Sent to Mexican Border

In 1911, President Taft stationed 20,000 U.S. troops along the Mexican border due to fears of Mexican nationalism fueled by the Mexican Revolution.

1914
Opening of the Houston Ship Channel

In 1909, dredging began on the Houston Ship Channel, providing a crucial link to the sea for the interior of Texas. Completed in 1914, it facilitated the transportation of oil and other goods, making it one of the most heavily utilized waterways in the U.S.

1915-01-23
Ranger Forces Authorized

On January 23, 1915, raids by Mexican outlaws led to the authorization of mass inductions of men to serve as Ranger forces in Texas. Reports of brutality increased during this period.

1917-11-01
Oilfield Workers Strike in Texas and Louisiana

Around 10,000 Texas and Louisiana oilfield workers initiated a strike on November 1, 1917, protesting against long working hours and low wages. The strike persisted for several months, leading to job losses for 25% of the workers by the time it concluded in June 1918. Despite the challenges, some companies did increase wages and benefits for the retained employees.

1918-03-26
Texas Women's Voting Rights Bill Signed into Law

Governor William P. Hobby signed the bill permitting women to vote into law on March 26, 1918, after it passed in both the Texas House and Senate. This marked a significant milestone in the suffrage movement in Texas.

1918-05-14
Prohibition Goes into Effect in Texas

In 1918, Prohibition was enforced in Texas, prohibiting the sale, production, and distribution of alcoholic beverages. This marked a significant shift in the state's social and legal landscape, impacting various aspects of daily life and business operations.

1918-11-05
Annie Webb Blanton elected State Superintendent of Public Instruction

Annie Webb Blanton becomes the first woman to be elected to a statewide office in Texas when she is elected as the State Superintendent of Public Instruction.

1919-03-31
Investigation of Hispanic Citizen Deaths by Texas Rangers

Representative Josė T. Canales of Brownsville pushed for a legislative investigation into the high number of Hispanic citizen deaths by Texas Rangers during the 1915-1918 wars with Mexico. The investigation led to the reduction of Ranger companies, changes in selection criteria, and the implementation of a citizen complaint process.

1919-06-28
Texas Approves 19th Amendment

On June 28, 1919, Texas became the first state to approve the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, granting women the right to vote in national elections. This was a pivotal moment in the fight for women's suffrage.

1919-08-07
Gov. William P. Hobby vetoes appropriations for German Department at UT

Amid anti-German sentiment, Governor William P. Hobby vetoes appropriations for the German Department of The University of Texas on August 7, 1919.

1920-12-19
Prohibition and Texas Oil Boom

Prohibition was passed in 1918, followed by the Texas oil boom exploding in 1920. Rangers in Texas were actively involved in enforcing Prohibition laws, intercepting bootleg liquor, and dealing with criminals. Ranger Captain Manuel 'Lone Wolf' Gonzaullas gained legendary status during this period as a one-man law enforcement agency along the Texas border.

1923
Texas Legislature passes law barring blacks from voting in Democratic primary

In 1923, the Texas Legislature passes a law explicitly barring black citizens from voting in the Democratic primary, a discriminatory practice later overturned by the U.S. Supreme Court.

1924
Ma Ferguson Elected as First Woman Governor of Texas

In 1924, Ma Ferguson made history by becoming the first woman governor of Texas. Her election marked a significant milestone in Texas politics and women's participation in governance.

1925-01-20
Miriam 'Ma' Ferguson becomes Texas' first woman governor

On January 20, 1925, Miriam 'Ma' Ferguson becomes the first woman to serve as the governor of Texas, acting as a symbolic leader during her tenure.

1925-03-27
Inauguration of Texas Relays at Memorial Stadium

Longhorn track coach Clyde Littlefield inaugurated the Texas Relays at the Texas Memorial Stadium in 1925, attracting top college track athletes and Olympians. The stadium, now known as Darrell K Royal-Texas Memorial Stadium, has been the home of University of Texas football and track teams since its establishment.

1925-09-30
Texas Tech University begins classes in Lubbock

On September 30, 1925, Texas Tech University starts conducting classes in Lubbock under the name Texas Technological College.

1928-06-26
Democratic National Convention held in Houston

From June 26 to 29, 1928, the Democratic National Convention takes place in Houston, marking the first time a nominating convention is held in a Southern city since 1860.

1929-02-17
League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) founded in Corpus Christi

On February 17, 1929, the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) is established in Corpus Christi, advocating for the rights and interests of Latin Americans.

1930-09-05
Discovery of East Texas Oil Field

On September 5, 1930, the Daisy Bradford #3 well near Turnertown in Rusk County strikes oil, leading to the discovery of the vast East Texas Oil Field.

1930-10-05
Discovery of East Texas Oil Field

The East Texas Oil Field was discovered on October 5, 1930, in the east central part of Texas, becoming the largest oil reservoir in the contiguous United States.

1936-06-06
Centennial Exposition in Dallas

The Centennial Exposition was held in Dallas on the state fairgrounds to celebrate the 100th anniversary of Texas independence. It opened on June 6, 1936, and ran until late November of that year, attracting over 6 million attendees.

1937-03-18
London Consolidated School explosion in Rusk County

A massive explosion caused by a natural-gas leak beneath the London Consolidated School building in Rusk County resulted in the tragic deaths of 311 individuals, including students and teachers. This led to the implementation of adding a malodorant to odorless gas for easier leak detection.

1943-06-15
Race riot in Beaumont

A race riot in Beaumont on June 15-16, 1943, led to the declaration of martial law. The incident resulted in the death of two black individuals and one white person, with over 200 arrests made.

1943-06-20
Beaumont Race Riot

In June 1943, a race riot broke out in Beaumont, Texas, triggered by allegations of assault and sexual assault involving African-American individuals. The incident led to the city being placed under martial law for five days.

1944-04-03
U.S. Supreme Court ruling on Texas Democratic primary voting rights

On April 3, 1944, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that blacks could not be barred from voting in the Texas Democratic primary, marking a significant step towards voting rights equality.

1947-04-16
Texas City disaster with SS Grandcamp and SS High Flyer explosions

The French-owned SS Grandcamp, carrying ammonium nitrate, exploded in the Texas City harbor on April 16, 1947, followed by the SS High Flyer explosion the next morning. These tragic events resulted in nearly 600 fatalities, over 4,000 injuries, and a 15-foot tidal wave.

1949-08-24
First black student admitted to University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston

On August 24, 1949, the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston admitted its first black student, marking a significant milestone in the institution's history.

1950-06-05
Racial Integration of The University of Texas Law School

The U.S. Supreme Court orders the racial integration of The University of Texas law school in 1950.

1950-08-18
Mildred Ella "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias Co-founds LPGA

Mildred Ella "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias, a legendary Texas athlete, co-founded the Ladies Professional Golf Association (LPGA) in 1950. She was a versatile athlete who excelled in various sports before focusing on golf, where she won 82 tournaments at both amateur and professional levels.

1953-01-20
Dwight D. Eisenhower becomes the first Texas-born President of the United States

Dwight D. Eisenhower, a Texas native, becomes the first Texas-born President of the United States in 1953.

1953-05-11
Tornado in Waco

In May 1953, a tornado hits Waco, killing 114 people, injuring 597, and causing significant damage to homes and buildings.

1953-05-22
Tidelands Bill Signed by President Eisenhower

President Eisenhower signs the Tidelands Bill in 1953, granting Texas rights to its offshore oil.

1954-11-02
Texas Voters Approve Amendments to State Constitution

In November 1954, Texas voters approve amendments to the state constitution allowing women to serve on juries and ending the ban on voting by members of the U.S. Armed Forces.

1956-11-06
Henry B. Gonzalez Becomes First Hispanic State Senator in Texas

In 1956, Henry B. Gonzalez of San Antonio becomes the first Hispanic elected to the state Senate since 1848, marking a significant milestone in Texas politics.

1957
Texas Laws Encouraging School Districts to Resist Integration

In 1957, Texas passed laws that encouraged school districts to resist federally ordered integration, following the defiance of Mansfield in desegregating their schools. This legislation had a significant impact on the segregation policies in the state.

1961-05-27
John Tower Wins U.S. Senate Special Election

In May 1961, John Tower wins a special election for U.S. Senate, becoming the first Republican senator from Texas since Reconstruction.

1962-03-01
NASA Opens Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston

In March 1962, NASA opens the Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston, which later becomes the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center in 1973.

1963-11-22
Assassination of President John F. Kennedy

On November 22, 1963, President John F. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas, a tragic event that shocked the nation.

1967-05
Recognition of Tigua Descendants as a Tribe by State of Texas

In May 1967, the State of Texas officially recognized the descendants of Tigua as a tribe. The Tigua people built the Ysleta Mission in El Paso in 1682 and today have a tribal government and enterprises providing employment and benefits.

1971-01-18
Sharpstown Scandal Lawsuit

Attorneys at the Securities and Exchange Commission file a lawsuit alleging illegal manipulation of stock transactions involving Frank Sharp and his Sharpstown State Bank of Houston. The scandal leads to the conviction of House speaker Gus Mutscher and two associates for conspiracy and bribery in 1972.

1974-01-08
Failed Constitutional Convention

A Constitutional Convention meets in Texas to draft a new state constitution but is unable to reach an agreement due to divisive politics. The convention adjourns without producing a new document.

1976-10
Mexican Women in San Antonio, 1830–1860: The Assimilation Process

The article 'Mexican Women in San Antonio, 1830–1860: The Assimilation Process' delves into the assimilation process of Mexican women in San Antonio during the years 1830 to 1860.

1978-11
Election of William Clements

William Clements becomes the first Republican governor of Texas since Reconstruction after winning the election in 1978.

1979-04-10
Deadly Tornadoes in West Texas

Multiple tornadoes strike West Texas, resulting in the deaths of 53 people, including 42 in Wichita Falls, and causing significant damages amounting to $400 million.

1982
The Tejano Community, 1836–1900

A book by De Leon, Arnoldo that examines the history of the Tejano community in Texas from 1836 to 1900.

1983
City Building in the New South: The Growth of Public Services in Houston, Texas, 1830–1910

Harold L. Platt's book from 1983 focusing on the development of public services in Houston, including waste removal and clean water.

1984-08-20
National Republican Convention in Dallas

The National Republican Convention takes place in Dallas from August 20 to 23, 1984.

1985-06
Suspension of Deposit Insurance for Texas Savings-and-Loan Companies

The Federal Home Loan Bank Board suspends deposit insurance for Texas savings-and-loan companies applying for state charters in June 1985. This action is followed by a series of bail-out plans for many Texas thrifts due to insider abuse.

1987
Let All of Them Take Heed: Mexican Americans and the Campaign for Educational Equality in Texas, 1910–1981

The study 'Let All of Them Take Heed: Mexican Americans and the Campaign for Educational Equality in Texas, 1910–1981' delves into the efforts and struggles of Mexican Americans in Texas for educational equality from 1910 to 1981.

1988-11-08
Election of George H.W. Bush as President

Houstonian George H.W. Bush is elected as the President of the United States in the 1988 election.

1989
An Empire for Slavery: The Peculiar Institution in Texas, 1821–1865

A book by Campbell, Randolph B. that examines the institution of slavery in Texas from 1821 to 1865.

1990-11-06
Election of Ann Richards as Governor

Democrat Ann Richards makes history by becoming the first woman governor of Texas in her own right after winning the election in 1990.

1991
Rise of the Mexican American Middle Class: San Antonio, 1929-1941

The work 'Rise of the Mexican American Middle Class: San Antonio, 1929-1941' focuses on the emergence and growth of the Mexican American middle class in San Antonio between 1929 and 1941.

1995
Tejano Religion and Ethnicity, San Antonio, 1821-1860

The work 'Tejano Religion and Ethnicity, San Antonio, 1821-1860' examines the religious and ethnic dynamics of the Tejano community in San Antonio during the period from 1821 to 1860.

1996
Black Texas Women: A Sourcebook

The sourcebook 'Black Texas Women: A Sourcebook' compiles primary sources shedding light on the experiences and contributions of black women in Texas.

1997
Women, Culture, and Community: Religion and Reform in Galveston, 1880–1920

A book by Turner, Elizabeth Hayes focusing on the role of religion and reform in Galveston from 1880 to 1920.

1998-06-07
Lynching of James Byrd

James Byrd, Jr., an African American man, was horrifically lynched by three white supremacists in Jasper, TX on June 7, 1998. This tragic event marked a dark moment in modern Texas history and led to significant legislative changes.

2001
Homesteads Ungovernable: Families, Sex, Race, and the Law in Frontier Texas, 1823–1860

A book by Carroll, Mark M. exploring the complexities of family, sex, race, and law in frontier Texas from 1823 to 1860.

2003
Space Rangers

Colonel Paul Lockhart, a pilot of Space Shuttle Mission STS-111, carried a 1962 Texas Ranger badge into orbit to commemorate the 180th anniversary of the Texas Rangers.

2005-05-28
WASP Museum at Avenger Field

The National WASP World War II Museum was inaugurated at Avenger Field in Sweetwater, Texas. Twenty-nine Women Airforce Service Pilots participated in the opening ceremony and left their handprints in cement.

2009-03-17
WASP Gold Medal Bill in Senate

Texas Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison proposed Senate Bill S.614 to bestow the Women Airforce Service Pilots with the Congressional Gold Medal, the highest civilian honor. The bill was supported by all female senators and passed unanimously.

2009-03-18
State Recognition for the Lipan Apache

On March 18, 2009, the Texas State legislature approved resolution HR 812 acknowledging the Lipan Apache Tribe of Texas.

2013-04-25
American Indian Heritage Day in Texas

On April 25, 2013, the Texas State Legislature passed House Bill 174, which designated the last Friday in September as American Indian Heritage Day in Texas. This day honors the historical, cultural, and social contributions of American Indian communities and leaders in the state.

2014
Rough Country: How Texas Became America's Most Powerful Bible-Belt State

A book by Robert Wuthnow exploring the transformation of Texas into a prominent Bible-Belt state, published in 2014.

2015
Texas Women: Their Histories, Their Lives

A book edited by Turner, Elizabeth Hayes, Stephanie Cole, and Rebecca Sharpless that explores the histories and lives of women in Texas.

2020-02-13
First COVID-19 Case Confirmed in Texas

Texas confirmed its first case of COVID-19 on February 13, 2020. This marked the beginning of the pandemic in the state.

2020-03-13
Governor Abbott Declares State of Disaster in Texas

On March 13, 2020, Governor Abbott declared a state of disaster for all counties in Texas due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Emergency powers were invoked, and various restrictions were put in place.

2021-05
COVID-19 Related Deaths in Texas

As of late May 2021, Texas reported 50,198 COVID-19 related deaths. The state's death rate was 175 per 100,000 people.

2022-10-16
Birth of West Texas Landscape painter in Milford

A renowned West Texas Landscape painter was born in Milford.

2022-10-23
Black gold gushes in East Texas

Significant oil discovery or extraction activity occurred in East Texas.

2022-11-06
High Court ruling on Texas secession

The High Court ruled that Texas has the right to sue in federal courts despite its history of secession.

2022-11-13
Birth of world-famous animal trapper in Texas

A world-famous animal trapper was born in Texas.

2022-11-20
First county in Panhandle organized

The first county in the Panhandle region of Texas was organized.

2022-11-27
Houston surgeon implants first artificial heart

A Houston surgeon successfully implanted the first artificial heart 55 years ago.

2022-11-29
Last passenger train leaves Dallas terminal

The last passenger train departed from the Dallas terminal 55 years ago.

2023-01-06
Dallas designates Federal Reserve Bank a historic landmark

Dallas designated the Federal Reserve Bank as a historic landmark 45 years ago.

2023-01-13
Orange Show opens to the public

The Orange Show opened to the public 40 years ago.

2023-01-20
Landmark public education suit filed

A landmark public education suit was filed 40 years ago.

2023-02-03
Legendary jazz pianist dies

A legendary jazz pianist passed away 40 years ago.

2024-03-25
State of Texas Online Update

On Monday, March 25, 2024, the State of Texas Online platform was updated to enhance privacy and accessibility features.

End of the Timeline
Texas
Become an Editor of Timeline Wiki
Become an Editor of
Timeline Wiki
USD $0 for creating and editing infinite number of timelines after sign up.