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Michael Faraday

English scientist in electromagnetism and electrochemistry.

Michael Faraday, a self-taught English scientist, made significant contributions to electromagnetism and electrochemistry. His discoveries laid the foundation for electric motor technology and modern theories of electromagnetic phenomena. Faraday's work was highly influential, earning him recognition as one of the greatest scientific discoverers of all time.

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Timeline

Michael Faraday's Informal Education

Michael Faraday, born in 1791, received little formal education due to his family's financial constraints. However, he educated himself by reading books at the bookbindery where he was apprenticed, including works on electricity and chemistry. He also attended scientific talks at the City Philosophical Society in London.

Birth of Michael Faraday

Michael Faraday was born on September 22, 1791, in Surrey, England. Despite being born to a blacksmith and having little formal education, he became one of the most influential scientists of the nineteenth century. His interest in electricity, chemistry, and magnetism was sparked during his youth.

Apprenticeship with Humphry Davy

In 1799, a young Michael Faraday in London attended science lectures by Sir Humphry Davy. Faraday later worked for Davy and established himself as a prominent scientist. This apprenticeship marked the beginning of Faraday's influential career in science.

Michael Faraday starts working as a delivery man

At the age of 13, Michael Faraday left school and began working as a delivery man in a London bookshop owned by a Frenchman and emigrant Ribot.

Faraday becomes an apprentice bookbinder

In 1805, at the age of thirteen, Michael Faraday started working as an apprentice bookbinder for George Riebau after a year of running errands for him. During his seven years of apprenticeship, Faraday not only bound books but also read and copied from various publications.

Michael Faraday becomes a pupil of a bookbinder

At the age of 13, Michael Faraday left school to work as a delivery man in a London bookshop owned by a Frenchman named Ribot. Following a trial period, he then became a pupil of the bookbinder at the same place.

Invention of First Electric Motor

On June 12, 1821, Michael Faraday invented the first electric motor.

Discovery of Electromagnetic Rotation

On July 1, 1821, Michael Faraday made the discovery of electromagnetic rotation, a significant advancement in the field of electromagnetism. This discovery laid the foundation for future developments in electrical engineering and technology.

Discovery of Dynamo Principle

On August 29, 1821, Faraday discovered the Dynamo Principle, a crucial concept in the development of electrical generators and motors.

Observation of Magnetic Field Around a Conductor

On October 9, 1821, Michael Faraday observed the magnetic field around a conductor.

Election as Fellow of the Royal Society

In 1824, Faraday was elected as a fellow of the Royal Society, despite initial opposition from Davy, showcasing his recognition by the scientific community.

Faraday's Discovery of Benzene

In 1825, Michael Faraday discovered benzene, a significant achievement in the field of chemistry. His contributions to the study of organic compounds and chemical reactions were instrumental in advancing the understanding of molecular structures.

Publication of Chemical Manipulation

In 1827, Michael Faraday published his book titled Chemical Manipulation, which provided instructions to students in chemistry. It was his only book publication.

Discovery of electromagnetic induction

On August 29, 1831, Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction by winding an iron ring with insulated wire connected to a battery. This led to the understanding of induced currents and laid the foundation for the development of electric generators.

Faraday's Electromagnetic Induction Discovery

Two years after Davy's death, Faraday began experiments that led to the discovery of electromagnetic induction. This pivotal moment in science was recorded in his laboratory diary on 28 October 1831.

Publication of First Paper on Experimental Researches on Electricity

On November 24, 1831, Faraday presented his first paper on Experimental Researches on Electricity before the Royal Society, marking the beginning of a series of influential publications in the field.

Honorary Doctor of Civil Law degree from University of Oxford

In June 1832, Faraday was granted an honorary Doctor of Civil Law degree by the University of Oxford. This recognition highlighted his significant contributions to the field of science.

First Fullerian Professor of Chemistry at the Royal Institution

In 1833, Faraday became the first Fullerian Professor of Chemistry at the Royal Institution. This appointment further solidified his reputation as a pioneering figure in the field of chemistry.

The Faraday Effect, discovered by Michael Faraday in 1834, refers to the rotation of the plane of polarization of light in the presence of a magnetic field.

Michael Faraday awarded Royal Medal by the Royal Society

In 1835, Michael Faraday was awarded the Royal Medal by the Royal Society for his significant achievements in science.

Faraday Cage Experiment

In January 1836, Faraday conducted the famous Faraday cage experiment, demonstrating that electricity was a force and not an imponderable fluid. He showed that the charge resided only on the exterior of a charged conductor, leading to the concept of a Faraday cage.

Publication of Experimental Researches in Electricity, Vol I

In 1837, Michael Faraday published the first volume of his work Experimental Researches in Electricity. This marked the beginning of his significant contributions to the field of electricity.

Michael Faraday awarded Copley Medal

In 1838, Michael Faraday was awarded the Copley Medal for his outstanding contributions to the field of science.

Nervous Breakdown

Due to the strain of numerous hours of hard work and mental strain, Faraday suffered a nervous breakdown in 1839, impacting his health and research activities.

The Rudiments of Chemistry Lecture

In 1841, Michael Faraday delivered a lecture titled 'The Rudiments of Chemistry' as part of his series of Christmas lectures at the Royal Institution. This lecture focused on introducing basic concepts of chemistry to the audience.

First Principles of Electricity Lecture

In 1843, Michael Faraday presented the 'First Principles of Electricity' lecture during his Christmas lectures at the Royal Institution. This lecture aimed to educate the audience on the fundamental principles of electricity.

Faraday's Observations and Discoveries

In 1845, Michael Faraday made significant observations and discoveries in the field of electromagnetism and electrochemistry, contributing to the foundation of modern physics and chemistry.

Faraday's Discovery of Paramagnetism

In 1847, Michael Faraday discovered paramagnetism.

The Chemical History of a Candle Lecture

In 1848, Michael Faraday delivered a lecture titled 'The Chemical History of a Candle' as part of his Christmas lectures at the Royal Institution. This lecture explored the chemical processes involved in the burning of a candle.

Discovery of the rotation of polarised light by magnetism

Michael Faraday observed the rotation of polarised light by magnetism and found that external magnetic fields can influence light propagation in a material.

Michael Faraday's iron filings

In 1851, Michael Faraday created iron filing diagrams to demonstrate magnetic lines of force.

Voltaic Electricity Lecture

In 1853, Michael Faraday presented a lecture on 'Voltaic Electricity' as part of his Christmas lectures at the Royal Institution. This lecture discussed the generation of electricity through chemical reactions.

The Chemistry of Combustion Lecture

In 1854, Michael Faraday delivered a lecture on 'The Chemistry of Combustion' during his Christmas lectures at the Royal Institution. This lecture explored the chemical processes involved in combustion.

Static Electricity Lecture

In 1857, Michael Faraday presented a lecture on 'Static Electricity' during his Christmas lectures at the Royal Institution. This lecture discussed the phenomenon of static electricity.

The Various Forces of Matter and their Relations to Each Other Lecture

In 1859, Michael Faraday gave a lecture on 'The Various Forces of Matter and their Relations to Each Other' during his Christmas lectures at the Royal Institution. This lecture explored the interactions between different forces in the material world.

Publication of Chemical History of a Candle

In 1861, William Crookes edited and published Michael Faraday's famous work titled Chemical History of a Candle. This publication was a collection of lecture notes on the chemical aspects of a candle.

Death of Michael Faraday

Michael Faraday passed away in Middlesex, England.

The letters of Faraday and Schoenbein 1836–1862

A publication from 1899 containing the letters exchanged between Michael Faraday and Christian Friedrich Schönbein from 1836 to 1862. It includes notes, comments, and references to contemporary letters. The full PDF download is available.

Restoration of Faraday's Magnetic Laboratory

In 1972, Faraday's magnetic laboratory, where many of his important discoveries were made, was restored to its 1854 form. The adjacent museum now houses a unique collection of original apparatus showcasing Faraday's significant contributions to science during his time at the Royal Institution.

Faraday Institute for Science and Religion

The Faraday Institute for Science and Religion was established in 2006, named after Michael Faraday. It aims to explore the relationship between science and religion, inspired by Faraday's belief in the integration of faith and scientific research.

Establishment of The Faraday Institution

The Faraday Institution, an independent energy storage research institute, was established in 2017. It focuses on advancing battery science and technology in the UK.

End of the Timeline
Michael Faraday

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