A study conducted in 2005 analyzed the molecular evolution and geographic distribution of a virus similar to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus found in palm civets at animal markets and farms.

In 2010, Alabama released an exclusion criteria list for ventilator shortages, which included 'severe or profound mental retardation' and 'moderate to severe dementia'. This list has since been removed from publication.

In 2015, New York implemented a plan for ventilator shortages that relied on 'exclusion criteria' which included medical conditions that would make a patient ineligible for critical care.

The first human cases of COVID-19 were identified in Wuhan, People's Republic of China, on or about 16 November 2019. It is believed that the virus originated from an infected bat at the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market.

The initial infection of patient zero with COVID-19 is believed to have occurred in China, as per the official statement from Chinese authorities.

The first COVID-19 patient was detected at a healthcare center in Wuhan, China, marking the beginning of the pandemic.

The first person to test positive for COVID-19 was reported in Wuhan, China on December 8, 2019.

The first identified case of COVID-19 is reported, marking the beginning of the pandemic.

A cluster of patients in China’s Hubei Province, in the city of Wuhan, begin to experience the symptoms of an atypical pneumonia-like illness that does not respond well to standard treatments. The World Health Organization (WHO) Country Office in China is informed of several cases of a pneumonia of unknown cause with symptoms including shortness of breath and fever occurring in Wuhan, China. All initial cases seem connected to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market.

The Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan is closed amid worries in China of a reprise of the 2002–2004 SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus or SARS-CoV-1) outbreak.

The global outbreak of the COVID-19 virus, leading to widespread illness, deaths, lockdowns, and economic disruptions.

China notifies WHO about the discovery of more than 40 cases of pneumonia with unknown cause.

Yong-Zhen Zhang of Fudan University in Shanghai submits the genetic sequence of the atypical pneumonia virus, Wuhan-Hu-1, to the Department of Zoonoses, National Institute of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Beijing. The complete genetic sequence of the virus remains inaccessible to the rest of the world as the virus spreads.

On January 7, 2020, China officially confirmed the first case of COVID-19, marking the beginning of the global pandemic.

The World Health Organization (WHO) provided comprehensive online clinical guidance for detecting, monitoring, and treating suspected COVID-19 patients, emphasizing the global response to the pandemic.

The first death related to COVID-19 was reported in Wuhan, signifying the severity of the disease.

The first COVID-19 case outside China was reported in Thailand, indicating the global spread of the virus.

The World Health Organization (WHO) discovers evidence of possible human-to-human transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, indicating a potential escalation in the spread of the virus.

CDC starts screening passengers for symptoms of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus on flights from Wuhan, China to San Francisco, California, New York City, New York, and Los Angeles, California, with plans to expand to other major U.S. airports.

The CDC reports the first laboratory-confirmed case of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the U.S. from samples taken on January 18 in Washington state, leading to the activation of its Emergency Operations Center (EOC) to respond to the emerging outbreak.

282 laboratory-confirmed cases of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus have been reported worldwide in China, Thailand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea.

On January 20, 2020, the first case of coronavirus in the United States is reported in Washington State.

The first laboratory-confirmed case of COVID-19 in the U.S. is reported from samples taken in Snohomish County, Washington, marking the beginning of the pandemic in the country.

WHO’s International Health Regulation Emergency Committee decides to not declare the 2019 Novel Coronavirus a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) and instead, to monitor the situation and reconvene in 10 days to re-evaluate.

Wuhan was shut down by Chinese authorities, signifying the drastic measures taken to control the spread of COVID-19.

The first COVID-19 case was declared in France and the United Kingdom, indicating the spread of the virus to Europe.

CDC confirms additional travel-related infections of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in Arizona and California, bringing the total number of cases in the U.S. to five.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announces critical actions to advance the development of novel coronavirus medical countermeasures with interagency partners, including CDC.

A team of CDC medical officers meets the flight carrying the repatriated U.S. citizens from Wuhan, China at the March Air Reserve Base in California to screen the passengers for symptoms of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the virus as an international health crisis, highlighting the global impact of the pandemic.

The WHO's International Health Regulation Emergency Committee reconvened early on January 31, 2020, to declare the 2019 Novel Coronavirus outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), recognizing its global impact and severity.

The Department of Defense (DOD) approves a Health and Human Services request for assistance to provide lodging near 11 funnel airports, as part of their response to the COVID-19 outbreak.

On February 2, 2020, the first death outside China due to COVID-19 occurs in the Philippines, marking a significant progression of the virus beyond its epicenter.

The Department of Defense (DOD) approves two Health and Human Services requests for assistance to provide lodging at five facilities for 1,000 evacuees from Wuhan, China. Additionally, DOD approves a Health and Human Services request for assistance to provide lodging near 11 funnel airports.

On February 4, 2020, the FDA approved the emergency use authorization (EUA) submitted by CDC for the SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic test kit developed by CDC. This approval aimed to expedite the approval process for the test kit.

On February 5, 2020, CDC initiated the shipping of its laboratory test kit, named 'CDC 2019-nCoV Real Time RT-PCR,' to selected domestic and international laboratories. The test kit was designed to detect the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

On February 6, 2020, the first death due to COVID-19 was reported in the United States, according to the Santa Clara County Public Health Press Release.

On February 7, 2020, the first death of a U.S. citizen due to COVID-19 occurred in Wuhan, China, marking a significant event in the global spread of the virus.

CDC test kits for detecting the SARS-CoV-2 virus arrive at a public health laboratory in east Manhattan, New York City, N.Y. However, the laboratory reports that the tests produce unreliable results.

Passengers arriving from Wuhan, China at various U.S. air bases are screened for symptoms of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and placed under mandatory 14-day quarantine orders.

On February 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially announced the name for the disease causing the 2019 Novel Coronavirus outbreak as 'COVID-19', which is an abbreviation for 'Coronavirus Disease 2019'.

On February 13, 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) confirmed the 15th case of COVID-19 in the United States.

The death of a Chinese patient in a Paris hospital marks the first COVID-19 casualty outside of Asia, according to the French Health Minister update.

The Department of Defense (DOD) agrees to extend support to Health and Human Services requests for assistance at 4 evacuee installations and 11 funneling airports, adding Ft. Custer as the 12th funneling site.

A spike in COVID-19 cases in Italy indicated the beginning of an outbreak in the country.

Italy issues Decree-Law No. 6 containing urgent measures to contain and manage the epidemiological emergency caused by COVID-19, effectively locking down the country.

The COVID-19 virus has been detected in every continent except Antarctica, indicating its widespread global progression.

U.S. Forces Korea confirms the first positive COVID-19 case in a U.S. service member, indicating the spread of the virus to the U.S. military personnel.

The Department of Defense (DOD) establishes the DOD COVID-19 Task Force to address the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Olympics was postponed till 2021 due to the COVID-19 outbreak, showcasing the significant impact of the pandemic on global events.

The President of the United States implemented travel restrictions specifically targeting Iran in response to the COVID-19 situation.

CDC and the Washington Department of Public Health report the first death in an individual with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in the U.S. The patient was a male in his 50s who was hospitalized with a pneumonia of unknown cause and later died of his illness.

The World Health Organization declares COVID-19 a global pandemic in March 2020, leading to widespread lockdowns and travel restrictions.

The government held a COBRA meeting to discuss plans for dealing with COVID-19, with the medical director concluding that widespread transmission of the virus was highly likely in the UK.

CDC announces 60 cases of COVID-19 in multiple states, with 21 linked to travel, 11 from person-to-person transmission, and 27 of unknown origin.

The DOD extended support to the Health and Human Services at multiple locations to assist with the handling of evacuees and funnel airports in response to the COVID-19 outbreak.

Johnson announced £46 million in funding for research into a COVID-19 vaccine and rapid diagnostic tests.

Italy declared a lockdown across the entire country due to the progression of the virus.

The DOD responds to the coronavirus situation on March 9, 2020.

The DOD Under Secretary for Personnel & Readiness issues Force Health Protection Guidance Supplement 3 on March 10, 2020.

The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic on 11 March 2020.

The FDA announces that CDC is no longer required to perform confirmatory testing for a positive COVID-19 diagnosis.

The Trump Administration declares a nationwide emergency and imposes an additional travel ban on non-U.S. citizens traveling from 26 European countries due to COVID-19.

On March 14, 2020, the CDC issued a 'no sail order' for all cruise ships, calling for them to cease activity in all waters that the U.S. holds jurisdiction over.

On March 15, 2020, states began to implement shutdowns to prevent the spread of COVID-19. The New York City public school system, with 1.1 million students, shuts down, while Ohio calls for restaurants and bars to close.

The Covid-19 pandemic emerges, impacting various aspects of life globally.

The Department of Defense (DOD) announces the availability of up to 5 million respirator masks, deployable ventilators, and other personal protective equipment from its strategic reserves to be distributed to the Department of Health and Human Services. Additionally, DOD has made 14 certified testing labs available to test non-DOD personnel, with plans to add two more labs.

The U.S. State Department issued a Global Level 4 Health Advisory, advising against all international travel due to the global impact of COVID-19.

Wuhan, China, has reported the first day with no new cases of COVID-19 since the outbreak, indicating a positive development in the containment of the virus.

The White House has announced an agreement with Mexico to limit non-essential travel across the shared border, as part of efforts to control the spread of COVID-19.

A sailor aboard the USS Theodore Roosevelt has been confirmed to have contracted COVID-19, marking a concerning development in the spread of the virus.

New York reported over 20,000 cases of COVID-19 on this date.

The first case of COVID-19 was confirmed at the Pentagon on March 24, 2020.

The Secretary of Defense enacts a 60-day stop movement order for all DOD uniformed and civilian personnel and their sponsored family members overseas.

On March 26, 2020, the United States reports over 80,000 confirmed COVID-19 cases, surpassing the number of cases reported in China, indicating the rapid progression of the virus in the country.

On March 27, 2020, the President of the United States signed a relief package worth over $2 trillion, aimed at providing emergency relief to families and small businesses affected by COVID-19.

The White House extends social distancing measures to curb the spread of COVID-19 through the end of April 2020, in an effort to mitigate the impact of the pandemic.

On March 29, 2020, the USNS Mercy started treating patients in Los Angeles.

The USNS Comfort arrived in New York five days earlier than scheduled, offering 1,000 patient beds to support the COVID-19 response.

In March 2020, the USNS Comfort started providing medical care to patients in New York, contributing to the response efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic.

On April 1, 2020, top US officials including the President, Vice President, Secretary of Defense, and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff engaged in discussions with service members and military families over the phone to address the response efforts against COVID-19.

The global COVID-19 cases crossed one million, indicating the rapid spread of the virus worldwide.

CDC announces new guidelines recommending all people to wear a mask when outside of the home to prevent the spread of COVID-19.

On April 4, 2020, the President of the United States announced the deployment of over 1,000 military medical personnel to New York City to support the existing medical teams.

The Secretary of Defense announced that Javits will become the largest hospital in the United States with a capacity of 2,500 beds.

On April 6, 2020, the President of the United States announced that 3M has agreed to provide over 166 million masks for front-line health care workers.

Data from the Chicago Department of Public Health reveals that Black people, despite being 30% of the population, account for 68% of COVID-19 related deaths in Chicago, highlighting significant racial disparities in the impact of the pandemic.

Wuhan reopened after a lockdown of 76 days, signifying the gradual recovery from the initial outbreak.

On April 9, 2020, the Federal Reserve announced measures to provide up to $2.3 trillion in loans to support the economy.

New York state has reported more COVID-19 cases than any country in the world.

The U.S. President approved Wyoming's disaster declaration, leading to a major disaster declaration being issued in all 50 states for the first time in American history.

During a White House press briefing on April 13, 2020, President Trump announces the decision to cease contributing funding to the World Health Organization (WHO), causing significant impact on the global public health community.

On April 14, 2020, all 50 states in the U.S. reported at least one COVID-19 related death.

On April 15, 2020, Gerry Dincher wrote about Dr. Fauci discussing how sports can be conducted during the pandemic.

On April 16, 2020, the President of the United States announced guidelines for the three phases of Opening Up America Again.

China has revised the number of COVID-19 deaths in Wuhan upwards by 50 percent, to almost 4,000.

The President of the United States releases a memorandum providing continued Federal support for governors' use of the National Guard to respond to COVID-19 and facilitate economic recovery in the states of Alabama, Alaska, and Delaware.

The Trump Administration releases a plan outlining the criteria for states to reopen, emphasizing the need to meet benchmarks such as reducing COVID-19 cases and deaths before lifting mitigation strategies like mandatory masking.

After two pet cats in New York test positive for the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the CDC advises people to limit their pets' interactions with individuals or animals outside their household to prevent the spread of COVID-19.

CDC allocates $631 million from the CARES Act to expand the Epidemiology and Laboratory Capacity for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases (ELC), enabling state health departments to enhance their capabilities for COVID-19 testing, contact tracing, and containment.

Despite warnings from health experts about the premature nature of reopening, Georgia, Alaska, and Oklahoma initiate partial reopening of their states.

The USNS Comfort, a naval hospital ship, announced that all patients under its care have been released.

The President of the United States revealed a plan for testing to aid in the safe reopening of America amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

On April 28, 2020, the United States exceeded 1 million confirmed coronavirus cases, accounting for a third of all cases worldwide. The death toll in the United States had reached over 56,000, with 112,000 recoveries.

DOD responds to the COVID-19 situation.

Clinicians in the U.S. and U.K. report clusters of children and adolescents requiring admission to intensive care units (ICUs) with a multisystem inflammatory condition that can lead to multiorgan failure— similar to Kawasaki disease and toxic shock syndrome. This condition will become known as Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), a serious inflammatory condition that affects children with current or recent COVID-19 infections.

On May 1, 2020, the FDA issued an emergency use authorization (EUA) for the use of the antiviral drug Remdesivir for the treatment of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 in hospitalized individuals with severe disease.

The United States surpasses 1.2 million confirmed COVID-19 cases, with the number of COVID-19 related deaths exceeding 70,000.

The President of the United States (POTUS) announces the extension of the COVID-19 Task Force, indicating that it will continue to operate indefinitely.

The President of the United States issues a memorandum to provide ongoing federal assistance to the state of South Dakota for the use of the National Guard in responding to COVID-19 and aiding in economic recovery.

The International Health Regulation Emergency Committee, convened by WHO for the third time, declares the global COVID-19 pandemic as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC).

On May 9, 2020, the unemployment rate in the U.S. reaches 14.7%, the highest since the Great Depression. This affects 20.5 million people, particularly impacting essential workers, individuals with lower incomes, and racial and ethnic minority workers.

On May 11, 2020, President Trump holds a briefing in the White House Rose Garden, claiming that anyone who wants a coronavirus test can get one and encourages businesses to reopen. Notably, he does not wear a mask during the briefing.

A $138 million contract is signed with ApiJect for more than 100 million prefilled syringes to be distributed across the United States by year-end.

The Department of Defense responded to Operation Warp Speed, indicating its involvement in the public-private partnership to support various aspects of COVID-19 countermeasures.

The USNS Mercy, after providing support to the Department of Defense's COVID-19 response efforts for a month and a half, departed from Los Angeles. It will return to San Diego, Calif., and be prepared for future taskings in support of FEMA's relief efforts.

The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) allocates $11 billion in new funding to states, territories, and local jurisdictions to enhance COVID-19 testing capacity. CDC contributes $10.25 billion through the Epidemiology and Laboratory Capacity for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases (ELC), while the Indian Health Service (IHS) provides $750 million to expand testing capacity.

U.S. Forces Korea has reduced the Force Health Protection Condition (HPCON) Level from Charlie to Bravo in response to South Korea's favorable COVID-19 conditions and effective social distancing and preventive measures. However, the change does not apply to Area II (+) which includes the greater Seoul metropolitan area and the immediate region southward to just above Suwon, as it remains at HPCON Charlie.

On May 20, 2020, all 50 U.S. states began to partially lift stay-at-home measures implemented to mitigate the spread of COVID-19, marking the first time since their implementation.

An agreement worth $1.2 billion is made to support AstraZeneca's candidate vaccine.

The Lancet publishes a study indicating that COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine have higher mortality rates and more cardiac complications. However, the study is later retracted due to data misuse. Subsequent research suggests that hydroxychloroquine has no significant impact on COVID-19 treatment.

The President of the United States suspends travel from Brazil due to a surge in COVID-19 cases, effective from May 26 at 11:59 p.m.

On May 26, 2020, the Secretary of Defense issued a memo outlining the transition to a conditions-based phased approach to COVID-19 personnel movement and travel restrictions.

On May 27, 2020, the number of COVID-19 related deaths in the U.S. exceeded 100,000, according to data from Johns Hopkins University.

On May 28, 2020, the recorded death toll from COVID-19 in the U.S. exceeds 100,000, marking a significant and tragic milestone in the impact of the pandemic on the country.

On May 30, 2020, the President of the United States announced plans for the country to withdraw from the World Health Organization (WHO) and redirect the allocated funds to address global public health needs. The decision has significant implications for international health cooperation and funding.

Emergent BioSolutions announced a task order to enhance domestic manufacturing capabilities and capacity for a potential COVID-19 vaccine and therapeutics.

On June 4, 2020, The Lancet and the New England Journal of Medicine retract the two publications that led to the halting of global trials of the antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19 due to inconsistencies in the data, raising concerns about the initial findings and their impact on COVID-19 treatment research.

The President of the United States signed the Paycheck Protection Flexibility Act of 2020 into law, which made modifications to the provisions for loan forgiveness under the Paycheck Protection Program.

The United States reaches 2 million confirmed COVID-19 cases, with COVID-19 related deaths surpassing 106,000.

An announcement related to vaccines was made on this date.

The number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in the U.S. exceeds 2 million, indicating the widespread impact of the virus in the country.

On June 11, 2020, the Department of Defense announced the lifting of travel restrictions at 39 U.S. locations and 7 host nations, indicating a significant development in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

On June 12, 2020, the Department of Defense responded to Operation Warp Speed vaccines, possibly providing updates or actions related to the vaccine development and distribution.

The CDC issues comprehensive guidelines for COVID-19 testing, specifically targeting nursing homes, long-term care facilities, and high-density critical infrastructure workplaces such as food production facilities.

The FDA withdraws the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) that permitted the donation of hydroxychloroquine sulfate and chloroquine phosphate products to the Strategic National Stockpile for the treatment of COVID-19.

The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) declares that COVID-19 vaccines will be provided free of charge to older adults and other groups disproportionately affected by the pandemic.

The development of a potential COVID-19 vaccine was announced on June 18, 2020.

On June 19, 2020, the Department of Defense (DOD) signed a $13.5M contract with Lydall, Inc. to boost U.S. domestic production of meltdown filtration media. This material is essential for manufacturing N95 respirators and surgical masks.

The World Health Organization (WHO) stops its trial of hydroxychloroquine for treating COVID-19 after a UK study showed that the drug did not have a significant impact on mortality.

Data from 300 of the largest U.S. cities found no evidence of a COVID-19 spike following the Black Lives Matter protests, as social distancing behaviors increased to avoid the protests.

Gilead Sciences sets the price of Remdesivir, an anti-viral used to treat COVID-19, at $3,120 for one typical treatment course ($520 per vial) for insured patients in the U.S., despite its development and clinical trials being supported by as much as $6.5 billion in public funds.

The Secretary of Defense has approved the use of DOD lab diagnostic testing for non-DOD civilians, allowing up to 700 tests per day until June 30, 2020.

A $1.6 billion agreement was made to support the large-scale manufacturing of Novavax's vaccine candidate.

GEN Gustave Perna is confirmed by the Senate to serve as the chief operating officer.

On July 4, 2020, the President of the United States signed a bill into law that reauthorizes lending under the Paycheck Protection Program through Aug. 8, 2020, and separates the authorized limits for commitments under the program from other Small Business Administration loan programs.

Dr. Anthony Fauci cautions a Senate committee that the U.S. could see a surge in new COVID-19 cases, projecting an increase from 40,000 to 100,000 new infections daily, potentially overwhelming the healthcare system.

The number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in the United States exceeds 3 million, indicating a significant spread of the virus within the country.

The World Health Organization (WHO) announces that the SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for causing COVID-19, can be transmitted through the air and is likely being spread by asymptomatic individuals, highlighting the need for enhanced preventive measures.

On July 10, 2020, the Department of Defense (DOD) made a response, possibly related to COVID-19, but the specific details are not provided.

On July 13, 2020, there was engagement between Congress and the media regarding Operation Warp Speed (OWS) vaccines, aimed at accelerating the development, manufacturing, and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines.

The Trump Administration issues a mandate directing hospitals to stop sending COVID-19 data to the CDC and report it to a new system set up by HHS, sparking concerns about the politicization of public health and data privacy.

Several states, including California, Michigan, and Indiana, postpone their re-opening plans due to the rising number of COVID-19 cases.

The Department of Defense (DOD) announced details for two Defense Production Act Title 3 COVID-19 actions, involving Amfuel ($14.9M) and Rolls-Royce ($22M). These actions aim to retain critical workforce capabilities during the COVID-19 disruption and restore jobs lost due to the pandemic.

The Department of Defense, in collaboration with the Department of Health and Human Services, has finalized a $3.5M contract with Crosstex International, Inc. to enhance the domestic manufacturing of surgical masks.

The Department of Defense (DOD) and HHS reach an agreement with Pfizer BioNTech for the delivery and distribution of 100 million doses of the COVID-19 vaccine candidate in December 2020, pending its safety and effectiveness.

The United States reaches a significant milestone with 4 million confirmed COVID-19 cases, indicating the widespread impact of the virus on the country.

Texas A&M University and FUJIFILM collaborate to enhance domestic manufacturing capabilities and capacity for a potential COVID-19 vaccine.

Moderna and Pfizer initiate Phase 3 clinical trials for COVID-19 vaccine, contributing to the Operation Warp Speed initiative aiming to provide millions of vaccine doses to Americans by January 2021.

There was engagement with congressional and media representatives regarding Operation Warp Speed (OWS) vaccines.

A $2 billion agreement has been made with Sanofi and GlaxoSmithKline to support the advanced development, clinical trials, and large-scale manufacturing of a vaccine candidate.

The Department of Defense and the Department of Health and Human Services have allocated $24.3M to Becton, Dickinson and Company for the expansion of production of SARS-CoV-2 assays for BD Veritor™ devices.

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus, continues to impact countries worldwide in August 2020.

On August 3, 2020, the President of the United States authorized an extension through the end of the year for the use of the National Guard for COVID-19 assistance in 46 states and the territories of Guam, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Effective August 21, 44 states and these territories will have a 75% Federal cost share, while Florida and Texas will retain a 100% Federal cost share.

An agreement was made with Johnson & Johnson (Janssen) to support the manufacturing and delivery of a COVID-19 vaccine candidate.

The DOD has entered into a $1 billion agreement with Johnson & Johnson (Janssen) to facilitate the large-scale manufacturing and delivery of a COVID-19 vaccine candidate.

On August 6, 2020, the DOD Under Secretary for Personnel & Readiness issued the Force Health Protection Guidance Supplement 12.

On August 7, 2020, the President directed FEMA to provide 25% funding for the use of the National Guard for COVID-19 assistance in Arizona, California, and Connecticut until September 30. This funding is in addition to the 75% federal cost share announced on August 3 for the extension of the National Guard's use in COVID-19 response until the end of the year.

On August 8, 2020, the President of the United States signed an Executive Order on fighting the spread of COVID-19 by providing assistance to renters and homeowners.

The Trump Administration finalizes a deal to purchase 100 million doses of COVID-19 vaccine from Moderna at a cost of $1.5 billion, aiming to secure a supply of the vaccine for the U.S. population.

CDC releases data indicating that most COVID-19 positive people are infectious to others for up to 10 days after symptoms first appear, but individuals with severe illness or who are immunocompromised may be infectious for up to 20 days.

On August 17, 2020, COVID-19 became the 3rd leading cause of death in the U.S. with deaths exceeding 1,000 per day and nationwide cases exceeding 5.4 million.

CDC provided more than $200 million in COVID-19 funding to Indian Country after studies showed that American Indians and Alaska Natives are among the racial and ethnic minority group at higher risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes.

The Department of Defense announced details for three Defense Production Act Title 3 COVID-19 actions involving AQYR Technologies ($3.6M), Leonardo Electronics US Inc. ($7M), and Aero Turbine ($3.7M) to retain critical workforce capabilities during the COVID-19 disruption.

The Food and Drug Administration issued an emergency use authorization for convalescent plasma to treat COVID-19.

The United States achieved a milestone by surpassing 2 million recovered cases of COVID-19.

The President of the United States introduced additional measures, including new testing mandates, to safeguard nursing home residents from COVID-19.

The FDA grants Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for Abbott’s BinaxNOW Covid-19 Test Kit, a rapid antigen test that can detect COVID-19 infection in just 15 minutes, providing a faster and more accessible testing option.

The Trump Administration revealed its plan to procure and manufacture 150 million rapid COVID-19 tests for distribution nationwide.

On August 28, 2020, there was engagement between the Congress and media regarding the Operation Warp Speed (OWS) vaccine distribution.

AstraZeneca initiated Phase 3 clinical trials for their vaccine on August 29, 2020.

On August 31, 2020, the Department of Defense (DOD) allocated $125 million from the CARES Act to Goldbelt Security, LLC, to purchase 530 million syringes and needles for a potential COVID-19 vaccination effort in the United States.

On September 1, 2020, The Journal of the American Medical Association and WHO recommended the use of steroids, such as dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, and methylprednisolone, for the treatment of severe COVID-19 disease. These drugs were found to reduce mortality in severe cases of COVID-19 by up to 36%.

Five DOD medical treatment facilities are chosen for Phase 3 COVID-19 vaccine trials as part of Operation Warp Speed. The selected sites are in the National Capital Region, San Antonio, Texas, and San Diego, California.

AstraZeneca paused its Phase 2/3 clinical trials of the COVID-19 vaccine in the UK due to an unexpected adverse event in a study participant. The company is collaborating with the FDA for review, and the U.S. trial will resume based on the agency's decision.

The Nevada State Public Health Laboratory confirmed the first documented case of COVID-19 reinfection in the U.S. on September 11, 2020. This case highlighted the potential for reinfection with the virus, adding to the understanding of COVID-19 transmission and immunity.

On September 14, 2020, the CDC terminated the symptom-based COVID-19 screenings for air travelers from China, Iran, the Schengen area of Europe, and the U.K. This decision was made due to the limited effectiveness of the screenings in detecting asymptomatic spread.

Pfizer BioNTech expands phase 3 clinical trials of its COVID-19 vaccine to 44,000 participants, including adolescents as young as 16 years and people with chronic, stable HIV, hepatitis C, or hepatitis B infections. The vaccine is a 2-shot series given 3 weeks apart and must be stored at a temperature of –70 degrees Celsius (or –94 degrees Fahrenheit).

On September 17, 2020, the global count of confirmed COVID-19 cases exceeded 30 million.

The announcement of a medical condition related to COVID-19 was made on September 19, 2020.

Johnson & Johnson initiates phase 3 clinical trials for its COVID-19 vaccine, involving 60,000 participants. The vaccine is designed to be stored without the need for freezing and may only require a single shot.

On September 22, 2020, the number of COVID-19 related deaths in the U.S. surpassed 200,000.

On September 23, 2020, Johnson & Johnson initiated the Phase 3 clinical trials for their COVID-19 vaccine.

The worldwide death toll from COVID-19 surpasses 1 million within just 10 months, underscoring the significant impact and scale of the pandemic on a global level.

The President of the United States directed FEMA to fund 25% of the cost share for the use of the National Guard in Louisiana for COVID-19 assistance until September 30. This additional assistance complements the 75% federal cost share for the extension of the National Guard's use in COVID-19 response announced on August 3.

President Trump tests positive for the SARS CoV-2 virus and receives treatment at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center with antiviral drugs, including Remdesivir.

The CDC updates its guidelines to acknowledge the potential for airborne spread of the COVID-19 virus, especially in poorly ventilated or enclosed areas where activities occur that require heavy breathing.

The COVID-19 pandemic leads to a significant increase in food insecurity in the U.S., affecting 52 million people, which is 17 million more than pre-pandemic numbers.

New Zealand lifts restrictions and declares COVID-19 “beaten” after containing a cluster of 179 cases in Auckland, the country’s largest outbreak yet.

The Department of Health and Human Services and DOD made an announcement regarding the federal response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Department of Health and Human Services and DOD announced agreements with CVS and Walgreens to provide COVID-19 vaccine with no out-of-pocket costs to protect vulnerable Americans in long-term care facilities nationwide once vaccines are available and recommended for them.

On October 19, 2020, the global COVID-19 cases exceeded 40 million, marking a significant milestone in the progression of the virus.

On October 23, 2020, the United States reported over 80,000 new COVID-19 cases in a single day, marking the first time the daily count exceeded this threshold.

The Department of Health and Human Services and DOD announce an agreement with Eli Lilly and Company to purchase 300,000 doses of the company's COVID-19 investigational antibody therapeutic for $375 million. These doses will be available for patient care if the U.S. Food and Drug Administration authorizes use of the therapeutic, as outlined in agency guidance.

The Department of Defense, in partnership with the Department of Health and Human Services, allocates a $119M contract to Hologic, Inc. to boost the domestic production capacity of COVID-19 diagnostic tests.

The Department of Defense has initiated rapid, on-site COVID-19 testing for passengers departing Baltimore Washington International Airport and Seattle Tacoma Airport aboard Patriot Express flights. Approximately 10-15 percent of travelers who do not show symptoms will undergo a rapid, on-site laboratory test before travel.

The CDC extends the no sail order for all cruise ships through October 31, 2020, due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

One day after the presidential election, the U.S. reports 100,000 new cases of COVID-19 in 24 hours.

As of November 8, 2020, the global confirmed COVID-19 cases exceed 50 million, reflecting the widespread impact of the pandemic on a global scale.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration granted Emergency Use Authorization for Eli Lilly's investigational antibody therapeutic for COVID-19.

The FDA granted emergency use approval for using convalescent plasma to treat COVID-19, highlighting the ongoing efforts to find effective treatments.

The FDA issues an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for Eli Lilly’s drug Bamlanivimab, a monoclonal antibody treatment designed to mimic the immune system’s response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. It is intended to protect patients at increased risk from COVID-19 infection progressing to severe forms of the disease.

Moderna’s COVID-19 vaccine is reported to be 95.4% effective in its clinical trial, providing a promising development in the fight against the pandemic.

Dr. Anthony Fauci discusses the need to understand the 'long COVID' symptoms, such as persistent fatigue, shortness of breath, muscle aches, sporadic fevers, and concentration issues, which affect as many as one-third of patients for weeks or months after contracting COVID-19.

Pfizer-BioNTech’s COVID-19 vaccine is found to be 95% effective in their 44,000-person trial, marking another significant advancement in combatting the spread of the virus.

The DOD, in collaboration with the Department of Health and Human Services, has awarded an $11.6M contract action to Puritan Medical Products Company, LLC, to boost the domestic production of swabs for Cue Health's point of care tests.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration issues an Emergency Use Authorization for Regeneron's investigational monoclonal antibody therapeutic cocktail, which includes the drugs casirivimab and imdevimab. This is for the treatment of non-hospitalized patients with mild or moderate confirmed cases of COVID-19 at high risk of hospitalization.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued an Emergency Use Authorization for Regeneron's investigational monoclonal antibody therapeutic cocktail, which consists of the drugs casirivimab and imdevimab. This authorization allows for the treatment of non-hospitalized patients with mild or moderate confirmed cases of COVID-19 who are at high risk of hospitalization.

FDA authorizes emergency use of a COVID-19 antibody treatment developed by Regeneron, which has shown promising results in reducing virus levels in a clinical trial involving 800 individuals.

Progress in the development of a COVID-19 vaccine is made, with ongoing efforts to combat the spread of the virus.

The DOD Chief Management Officer has approved additional restrictions for the Pentagon Reservation, transitioning to Health Protection Condition Bravo-Plus on November 26, 2020.

The Department of Defense (DOD) issues a memorandum to extend the maximum telework flexibilities, allowing for continued remote work in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The number of COVID-19 related hospitalizations in the United States exceeds 100,000, indicating a significant strain on the healthcare system.

The Department of Defense announced details for eight Defense Production Act Title 3 COVID-19 actions, including contracts with various companies to retain critical workforce capabilities during the COVID-19 disruption.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration granted Emergency Use Authorization to Pfizer for its COVID-19 vaccine, allowing for its distribution and administration in response to the pandemic.

Army Gen. Gustave F. Perna conducts a briefing on Operation Warp Speed planning for nationwide vaccine distribution.

By December 14, 2020, the recorded death toll from COVID-19 in the United States exceeds 300,000, reflecting the severe impact of the pandemic on public health.

The CDC reports the highest number of drug overdose deaths in a 12-month period ending in May 2020 in the U.S., with over 81,000 deaths. Overdose deaths involving synthetic opioids, methamphetamines, and cocaine increased significantly.

Moderna's coronavirus vaccine was approved for emergency use by the FDA, marking a significant milestone in the fight against the pandemic.

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine for individuals aged 18 years or older for the prevention of COVID-19.

The Department of Defense, in collaboration with the Department of Health and Human Services, grants a $4.8 million contract to Anatrace Products, LLC to enhance the domestic production capacity of COVID-19 testing reagents.

On 21 December 2020, the government enacted further restrictions to large parts of southern and eastern England and shortened a planned household mixing period over Christmas in response to the rising COVID-19 cases.

The Administration has announced the purchase of an additional 100 million doses of COVID-19 vaccine from Pfizer through the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and DOD.

As of December 26, 2020, the global confirmed COVID-19 cases exceeded 80 million, indicating the continued progression of the pandemic on a global scale.

On December 27, 2020, the President of the United States signed H.R. 133 into law. This Act provided consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2021, including Coronavirus emergency response and relief measures.

Novavax starts Phase 3 vaccine clinical trials as part of the effort to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.

Womack Army Medical Center at Fort Bragg, N.C. is announced to be participating in the Novavax Phase 3 vaccine trial as part of the Federal Response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Oxford University / AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine is authorized for emergency use in the U.K. and 530,000 doses become available for specific groups within a week.

The government enacted a second national lockdown on 31 October 2020 in response to a significant rise in COVID-19 cases across the UK.

The global outbreak of the COVID-19 virus that led to a pandemic affecting millions of people worldwide.

The museum has implemented health and safety measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

An 82-year-old man named Brian Pinker became the first individual to receive the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine in the UK.

A third lockdown for the whole of England was introduced on 6 January 2021 in response to record numbers of infections and daily deaths.

HHS and CDC announce plans to provide $22 billion in funding for states, localities, and territories to support expanded COVID-19 testing and vaccine distribution from the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act.

An update on the progression of the virus was reported.

The global death toll from COVID-19 surpassed 2 million, highlighting the devastating impact of the pandemic on human lives.

CDC expands the COVID-19 negative test requirement to include all air passengers entering the U.S. CDC continues to recommend that people test again 3-5 days after arrival and stay home for 7 days after traveling to help slow the spread of COVID-19.

The reported death toll from COVID-19 in the U.S. surpasses 400,000.

On January 20, 2021, the President of the United States signed an Executive Order to ensure a data-driven response to COVID-19 and future high-consequence public health threats.

The Biden Administration announces the National Strategy for the COVID-19 Response, outlining 7 goals to restore trust, vaccinate, test, and treat COVID-19, while protecting schools, businesses, and workers, advancing health equity, and building the nation’s preparedness for future pandemics.

On January 22, 2021, the President of the United States signed an Executive Order aimed at providing economic relief in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

On January 24, 2021, the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in the United States exceeded 25 million, according to data from Johns Hopkins University.

The first case of the COVID-19 P.1 / Gamma variant, first identified by scientists in Brazil, is detected in Minnesota.

The UK passed 100,000 deaths from COVID-19 on 26 January, making it the first European country to do so, prompting deep apologies and full responsibility from Boris Johnson.

The first case of the COVID-19 B 1.351 / “Beta” variant, which was initially identified by scientists in South Africa, is confirmed in South Carolina.

On January 28, 2021, biosafety guidelines related to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were issued, focusing on laboratory safety protocols to prevent the transmission of the virus among healthcare workers and researchers.

CDC Director Dr. Rochelle Walensky extends the eviction moratorium through March 31, 2021, aiming to slow the spread of COVID-19.

As part of the Biden Administration’s Executive Order on Promoting COVID-19 Safety in Domestic and International Travel, CDC requires face masks to be worn by all travelers on public transportation and inside transportation hubs starting from February 2, 2021.

On February 1, 2021, the Secretary of Defense issued a directive on the use of masks and other public health measures, as part of the federal response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

On February 4, 2021, the Secretary of Defense approved 1,110 active-duty service members to support five FEMA vaccination centers, as part of the federal response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The FDA issues an Emergency Use Authorization for monoclonal antibodies to treat COVID-19.

The Department of Defense and the Department of Health and Human Services purchase an additional 100M doses of COVID-19 vaccines from Pfizer Inc. and Moderna Inc.

The World Health Organization lists two versions of the AstraZeneca/Oxford COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use, to be rolled out through COVAX.

The Administration announced the prolongation of COVID-19 forbearance and foreclosure protections for homeowners.

The Administration announced new actions to broaden and enhance COVID-19 testing.

An estimated 2.5 million women and 1.8 million men have exited the workforce in the U.S. since the beginning of the pandemic, as reported on February 18, 2021.

An unspecified federal response occurs.

The recorded death toll from COVID-19 in the U.S. exceeds 500,000 as of February 21, 2021.

In the US, fatalities from COVID-19 surpassed 500,000, signifying the severity of the pandemic in the country.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued an Emergency Use Authorization for a third COVID-19 vaccine, expanding the options available for vaccination against the virus.

On 25 February, the COVID alert level was lowered from level 5 to 4.

There is an announcement related to federal response, but the details are not provided.

On February 28, 2021, ACIP recommends Johnson & Johnson’s COVID-19 vaccine for all people ages 18 years and older.

On March 2, 2021, the Biden Administration directs all states to make pre-K-12 teachers, school staff, and childcare workers eligible for COVID-19 vaccinations and to prioritize this group within the Federal Retail Pharmacy Program.

On March 8, 2021, CDC recommends that people who are fully vaccinated against COVID-19 can safely gather with other fully vaccinated people indoors without masks and without socially distancing.

The Biden Administration reveals plans to make COVID-19 vaccines accessible to all adult Americans by May 1, 2021, through various initiatives such as delivering vaccines to community health centers, increasing the number of pharmacies providing vaccines, deploying active-duty troops, and launching a vaccination website and a 1-800 number.

On March 13, 2021, the milestone of administering more than 100 million COVID-19 vaccine doses in the U.S. was reached.

On March 14, 2021, Ireland, Iceland, Denmark, and Norway suspended the distribution of AstraZeneca's COVID-19 vaccine as the European Union investigated potential links to reports of blood clots.

The DOD Under Secretary for Personnel & Readiness issues the Force Health Protection Guidance Supplement 16 in response to the coronavirus pandemic.

On March 16, 2021, the Department of Defense made a response.

On March 17, 2021, the CDC announced a $2.25 billion spending over two years to address COVID-19 related health disparities for people living in rural areas and racial and ethnic minority groups.

On March 18, 2021, the U.S. announced its decision to send 4 million unused doses of AstraZeneca's COVID-19 vaccine from its stockpile to Mexico and Canada.

After 13 European countries halt distribution of the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine pending review, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) announces that they did not find any evidence that the vaccine causes blood clots. They state that the vaccine is still considered safe and effective, with its benefits outweighing its risks.

By 20 March 2021, half of UK adults had received at least their first vaccine dose, indicating progress in the vaccination programme.

On March 24, 2021, the President of the United States signed H.R. 1276, also known as the “Strengthening and Amplifying Vaccination Efforts to Locally Immunize All Veterans and Every Spouse Act” or the SAVE LIVES Act, expanding the VA’s authority to provide COVID-19 vaccinations.

The Biden administration reveals a $10B investment plan to expand access to COVID-19 vaccines and instill vaccine confidence in the most affected and high-risk communities.

The Department of Defense allocates a $146.77M contract to Puritan Medical Products to enhance the domestic production capacity of foam tip swabs used in critical COVID-19 diagnostic tests.

The CDC announces a plan to offer COVID-19 vaccinations to patients and staff at dialysis clinics, recognizing the higher risk faced by individuals with chronic kidney disease. This initiative aims to improve access to vaccinations and reduce the severe health outcomes associated with COVID-19 among this vulnerable population.

A CDC study concludes that mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna, are highly effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 virus infection among healthcare personnel, first responders, and essential workers, reducing their risk of infection by 90% in real-world conditions.

On April 2, 2021, CDC recommended that individuals who are fully vaccinated against COVID-19 can safely travel at lower-risk to themselves.

On April 3, 2021, CDC announced $3 billion in additional funding for expanded COVID-19 vaccination programs.

On April 6, 2021, CDC estimated that nearly 80% of pre-K-12 teachers, school staff, and childcare workers in the U.S. have received at least their first shot of COVID-19 vaccine.

CDC Director Dr. Rochelle Walensky releases a statement addressing the impact of racism on public health amid the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the disparities that have existed for generations and were illuminated by the pandemic.

The DOD Under Secretary for Personnel & Readiness issues Force Health Protection Guidance Supplement 20 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

CDC and FDA issue a joint statement recommending a pause in the use of the Johnson & Johnson’s COVID-19 vaccine due to rare and serious blood clot cases in vaccine recipients, pending investigation.

The Department of Defense took action in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, although specific details were not provided in the input.

The global COVID-19 related deaths have exceeded 3 million, indicating the continued severity and impact of the pandemic on a global scale.

The Department of Defense announced that all eligible and authorized adults can schedule a COVID-19 vaccination appointment at their local military treatment facility, aligning with President Biden's directive for all adult Americans to be eligible for vaccination by April 19.

The U.S. surpasses the milestone of administering over 200 million COVID-19 vaccine doses, marking a significant achievement in the vaccination campaign.

ACIP and FDA recommend the continued use of Johnson & Johnson’s COVID-19 vaccine for all people ages 18 years and older in the U.S. after a thorough safety review following a pause due to reported cases of rare and severe blood clots.

Following the recommendation of the Food and Drug Administration and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Department of Defense resumes the administration of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine.

The United States initiates the delivery of over $100 million in supplies to assist India in managing the COVID-19 outbreak. The Department of Defense collaborates with other U.S. agencies to swiftly distribute the materials.

On May 4, 2021, the President of the United States announced the goal of administering at least one COVID-19 vaccine shot to 70% of American adults by July 4, 2021, aiming to accelerate the vaccination campaign.

On May 10, 2021, the FDA extended the emergency use authorization for the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine to cover adolescents aged 12–15 years.

The President of the United States announced additional initiatives aimed at increasing the vaccination rate across the country, possibly introducing new strategies or programs.

On May 12, 2021, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) suggested the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for adolescents aged 12–15 years.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention updated their COVID-19 guidance specifically for fully vaccinated individuals, likely providing new recommendations for activities and precautions.

On May 14, 2021, the CDC reported that mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, including Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna, decrease the likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection by around 94%.

Deputy Secretary of Defense and Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff issue a memorandum to enable and encourage vaccination against COVID-19.

The Department of Defense (DOD) and the Department of Health and Human Services have signed a memorandum of understanding to extend their collaboration in combating COVID-19 and preparing for potential future public health crises.

The Department of Defense (DOD), in collaboration with the Department of Health and Human Services, announces an agreement under the Defense Production Act Title III with Retractable Technologies, Inc. to enhance the domestic production capacity for low dead-space safety syringes and needles. The allocated government funding for this initiative was $27.3 million.

The Department of Defense, in coordination with the Department of Health and Human Services, awarded $226.3M in contracts and contract modifications to increase domestic production capacity of nitrile gloves and SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody tests.

The administration revealed its plan to distribute the first 25 million doses of at least 80 million U.S. COVID-19 vaccine doses globally by the end of June.

On June 1, 2021, the COVID-19 B.1.617.2 / Delta variant, initially identified in India, becomes the dominant variant in the U.S. This variant triggers a third wave of infections during the summer of 2021.

On June 2, 2021, the President of the United States announced a national month of action to accelerate the vaccination of more people by July 4th.

On June 3, 2021, it was reported that new U.S. COVID-19 cases have decreased to the lowest level since March 2020.

The CDC discovers that the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna mRNA COVID-19 vaccines reduce the risk of infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus by 91% and provide protection against severe illness and hospitalization in case of a breakthrough infection.

On June 10, 2021, the President of the United States announced the purchase and donation of half a billion Pfizer vaccines to 92 low- and lower middle-income countries and the African Union, aiming to support a global vaccination effort.

On June 15, 2021, the number of COVID-19 related deaths in the United States exceeded 600,000, indicating the severity of the impact of the virus on the country.

The Department of Defense, in partnership with the Department of Health and Human Services, provides a $37.6M contract to Showa Best Glove, Inc. to boost the domestic production capacity of nitrile gloves.

The Department of Defense, in collaboration with the Department of Health and Human Services, grants a $96.1M contract to United Safety Technology, Inc. to enhance the domestic production capacity of nitrile gloves.

On June 22, 2021, the DOD Under Secretary for Personnel & Readiness issued Force Health Protection Guidance (Supplement 17) Revision 1.

On June 23, 2021, the Pentagon announced a change in the Health Protection Condition Level from Bravo-Plus to Bravo.

On June 24, 2021, the Department of Defense reported that the number of presumed COVID-19 cases among military personnel, military dependents, DOD civilian employees, and DOD contractors has exceeded 200,000.

The Administration announces the donation of 3M doses of Johnson & Johnson vaccine to the people of Afghanistan through COVAX, in response to a recent surge in COVID cases in Afghanistan.

CDC releases data in MMWR showing that while most COVID-19–associated hospitalizations occur in older adults, severe disease requiring hospitalization can occur in all age groups – including adolescents ages 12–17 years.

On July 2, 2021, the DOD Under Secretary for Personnel & Readiness released the Force Health Protection Guidance (Supplement 15) Revision 2, demonstrating the ongoing efforts to ensure health protection within the Department of Defense amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

American Indian and Alaskan Native vaccination campaigns have been successful, as they now have the highest COVID-19 vaccination rate of any racial or ethnic group in the U.S., according to CDC's COVID-19 data tracker.

On July 7, 2021, the global COVID-19 related deaths exceeded 4 million, indicating the severity and impact of the pandemic on a global scale.

On July 9, 2021, the Pentagon Health Protection Condition Level changed from Bravo to Alpha.

CDC issues an exception for unaccompanied non-citizen children under Title 42, due to the increased risk from COVID-19, suspending the right to introduce non-citizen persons into the U.S.

The World Health Organization approved several COVID-19 vaccines from different developers, including Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna, Janssen (Johnson & Johnson), Oxford/AstraZeneca, Covishield, Bharat Biotech, Sinopharm, and Sinovac, providing a range of vaccination options.

The White House announced the donation of over 1 million COVID-19 vaccines from the U.S. global supply to Gambia, Senegal, Zambia, and Niger, and 3 million vaccines to Guatemala on July 19, 2021.

The DOD Under Secretary for Personnel & Readiness issued the Force Health Protection Guidance (Supplement 22) on July 21, 2021.

Amid a Delta variant surge, CDC releases updated masking guidance recommending that everyone in areas with substantial or high transmission wear a mask indoors.

The President of the United States has announced new measures to increase vaccination rates and curb the spread of the Delta variant of COVID-19. These measures include mandatory vaccination attestation for federal government employees and onsite contractors, with mask and distancing requirements for those unvaccinated, along with testing and travel restrictions.

The Department of Defense announces that all military and civilian personnel must declare their vaccination status. Those who are unvaccinated will need to follow safety protocols and testing requirements, and may face travel restrictions. The Secretary will seek advice from medical professionals to consider making COVID-19 vaccination mandatory for military personnel.

As of August 2, 2021, 70% of U.S. adults have received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, reflecting a significant progress in the vaccination efforts within the country.

CDC Director Dr. Rochelle Walensky signs an eviction moratorium in areas of substantial and high COVID-19 transmission to prevent the spread of the Delta variant by implementing effective public health measures.

On August 4, 2021, the global COVID-19 related cases exceeded 200 million, indicating the widespread impact of the virus on a global scale.

CDC releases data in MMWR showing that unvaccinated individuals are more than twice as likely to be reinfected with COVID-19 than those who were fully vaccinated, highlighting the stronger protection offered by COVID-19 vaccines.

Importation of COVID-19 vaccine surged since Raisi took office, with over 30 million doses being imported during the Iranian month of Shahrivar, more than the vaccine imports since February 2021.

The Food and Drug Administration amended the emergency use authorization of Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines to allow an extra dose for certain immunocompromised individuals.

On August 13, 2021, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended an extra dose of the COVID-19 vaccine for individuals with moderately to severely compromised immune systems.

The Food and Drug Administration approves the first COVID-19 vaccine, previously known as the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, for individuals 16 and older under the name Comirnaty. It continues to be available under emergency use authorization for individuals 12 through 15 and for a third dose in certain immunocompromised individuals.

A joint statement was released by HHS Public Health and Medical Experts regarding the administration of COVID-19 booster shots.

The FDA fully approves the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for individuals aged 18 years and older, reinforcing its safety, effectiveness, and quality in manufacturing.

The FDA approved the first COVID-19 vaccine, marking a significant milestone in the fight against the pandemic.

The Secretary of Defense issues a directive for the immediate full vaccination of all members of the Armed Forces under DOD authority on active duty or in the Ready Reserve, including National Guard, who are not fully vaccinated against COVID-19.

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends Pfizer-BioNTech's COVID-19 vaccine for individuals aged 16 years and older.

On August 31, 2021, the Department of Defense, in collaboration with the Department of Health and Human Services, announced the awarding of $194.5 million across two contracts to enhance domestic production capacity of test kits and pipette tips. This initiative aims to bolster the country's capability to conduct testing for health threats.

HHS, CDC, and FDA release a statement concluding that booster shots of the Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, and Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccines will be needed to protect against severe disease, hospitalization, and death in the coming months.

On September 3, 2021, CDC announced an additional $300 million in funding for community health worker services to support COVID-19 prevention and control.

On September 8, 2021, the Department of Defense Under Secretary for Personnel & Readiness issued Force Health Protection Guidance (Supplement 23), outlining measures to protect the health of military personnel. This action was communicated through a Department of Defense Press Release.

The President of the United States unveils a new plan mandating increased vaccination for more Americans, including an Executive Order for COVID-19 vaccination among federal employees and federal contractors.

The Department of Defense, in collaboration with the Department of Health and Human Services, grants a $35.8M contract to Mettler-Toledo Rainin, LLC to enhance the domestic production capacity of pipette tips.

The DOD, in partnership with the Department of Health and Human Services, has granted two contract modifications totaling $3.2B to Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and Eli Lilly and Company to acquire additional doses of monoclonal antibodies aimed at blocking the infectivity of the COVID-19 virus.

On September 17, 2021, the Biden Administration, working through CDC, invested $2.1 billion in funding for state, local, and territorial public health departments to prevent infections in healthcare settings, detect and contain infectious organisms, enhance laboratory capacity, and combat infectious disease threats, including COVID-19.

The President of the United States announces a series of new actions to protect Americans from COVID-19, including administrating booster shots, requiring vaccinations for long-term care workers, and providing federal reimbursement to states for COVID-19 emergency response costs.

The Food and Drug Administration authorized a booster dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for certain populations.

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends Pfizer-BioNTech’s COVID-19 vaccine boosters for specific age groups and individuals with underlying medical conditions, to be administered at least 6 months after their primary vaccination series.

On October 4, 2021, the Department of Defense issued a response.

The CDC issues an urgent health advisory to increase COVID-19 vaccination rates among pregnant, breastfeeding, and those trying to become pregnant. It highlights the significant risks associated with COVID-19 in pregnant individuals, including a two-fold risk of ICU admission, a 70% increased risk of death, and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth and stillbirth.

On October 18, 2021, the Department of Defense Under Secretary for Personnel & Readiness issued Force Health Protection Guidance (Supplement 23, Revision 1).

The Food and Drug Administration has granted authorization for booster doses of the Moderna and Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccines for eligible populations, aiming to enhance immunity and protection against the virus.

The CDC included mental health conditions as risk factors for severe illness from COVID-19. This decision may impact public health guidelines and recommendations.

The Food and Drug Administration has approved the emergency use of the Pfizer-BioTech COVID-19 vaccine for children aged 5 to 11, allowing for vaccination of this age group to combat the spread of the virus.

On October 26, 2021, CDC announced $26 million in funding for CDC’s new Center for Forecasting and Outbreak Analytics (CFA). This center aims to enhance the ability to forecast and respond to outbreaks and public health emergencies.

On October 29, 2021, CDC released data in MMWR showing that unvaccinated individuals who had been recently infected with COVID-19 were about 5 times more likely to be re-infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus than fully vaccinated individuals with no prior COVID-19 infections. This highlights the importance of vaccination in preventing reinfection.

The global death toll from COVID-19 surpassed 5 million, underscoring the long-term impact of the pandemic on global public health.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention updated its guidance, advising that everyone aged 5 and above should receive a COVID-19 vaccine.

The World Health Organization (WHO) issued emergency use approval for Bharat Biotech's Covaxin, expanding the options for COVID-19 vaccines.

On November 6, 2021, FDA authorized Pfizer’s anti-viral pill Paxlovid to treat COVID-19 under an EUA for adults and children ages 12 years and older who weigh at least 88 pounds and test positive and are at high risk for progression to severe disease. It is the first treatment for COVID-19 that is taken orally and can be used at home.

All non-citizens traveling to the U.S. are now required to be fully vaccinated and provide proof of their vaccination status to fly to the U.S. Additionally, all travelers must show a negative pre-departure COVID-19 test taken no more than three days before boarding their flights.

CDC and WHO report a significant increase in the number of infants missing their first dose of the measles vaccine in 2020, attributed to the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on health care and immunization.

CDC strengthens its recommendation for everyone aged 18 years and older who received a Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer-BioNTech, or Moderna COVID-19 vaccine to receive a booster after being fully vaccinated, amid concerns of an upcoming Omicron surge.

The Deputy Secretary of Defense issued a memorandum mandating all DoD civilian employees to be fully vaccinated against COVID-19 by November 22, 2021, with exemptions as required by law.

The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the variant B.1.1.529 as a variant of concern, termed it Omicron, sparking global concern and widespread travel curbs.

The CDC recommends that individuals aged 18 years and older who have received the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine should get a booster shot 2 months after their initial vaccination.

The Department of Defense has responded to an undisclosed matter on November 30, 2021.

The California and San Francisco Departments of Public Health report the first case of the Omicron variant in the United States.

The Minnesota and New York City Departments of Health confirm the detection of a second case of the Omicron variant in the United States.

The FDA revises the emergency use authorization for Eli Lilly's monoclonal antibodies, Bamlanivimab and Etesevimab, to allow their combined use for the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19 in pediatric patients at high risk for severe progression.

The CDC introduces a new policy requiring international travelers to present a negative pre-departure COVID-19 test taken 24 hours before boarding their flights to the U.S.

The FDA issues an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for AstraZeneca’s Evusheld, a treatment consisting of two monoclonal antibodies for the pre-exposure prevention of COVID-19 in adults and children ages 12 years and older with specific health conditions.

The recorded death toll from COVID-19 in the U.S. exceeds 800,000, with a particularly high impact on the older population, where one in every 100 people ages 65 years and older has died from the virus.

ACIP expresses a clinical preference for individuals to receive mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna, over Johnson & Johnson’s COVID-19 vaccine.

CDC releases data estimating that the Omicron variant is around 1.6 times more transmissible than the Delta variant.

The Food and Drug Administration has authorized the first oral antiviral for emergency use in treating COVID-19.

The Food and Drug Administration has granted emergency use authorization for an additional oral antiviral to treat COVID-19 in certain adults.

On December 23, 2021, FDA authorized Merck’s anti-viral pill Molnupiravir to treat COVID-19 under an EUA for all adults and children ages 18 years and older who test positive and are at high risk for progression to severe disease. Despite supply concerns, Paxlovid remains the preferred oral anti-viral treatment for COVID-19.

In response to the Omicron variant, stricter corona rules are being considered for vaccinated individuals.

CDC updated its recommendations for the isolation and quarantine periods for healthcare workers, decreasing their isolation time after infection with COVID-19. Asymptomatic healthcare workers can now return to work after 7 days with a negative test and healthcare workers who have received all recommended COVID-19 vaccines doses, including a booster, do not need to quarantine after a high-risk exposure.

An increase in COVID-19 cases in the National Capital Region has led to the implementation of additional mitigation measures on the Pentagon reservation, which remains at Health Protection Condition Level Bravo Plus.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has amended the emergency use authorization for the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine to allow a single booster for individuals aged 12 through 15, reduce the time between primary vaccination and booster to at least five months, and permit a third primary series dose for certain immunocompromised children aged 5 through 11.

On January 1, 2022, New York state records its highest number of new COVID-19 cases in a single day since the pandemic began, with 114,082 new confirmed cases, as Delta and Omicron spread.

On January 3, 2022, the U.S. reports nearly 1 million new COVID-19 infections, the highest daily total of any country in the world. The number of hospitalized COVID-19 patients has risen nearly 50% in just one week.

The FDA modifies the emergency use authorization for the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine to permit a single booster dose for individuals aged 12–15 years, reduces the interval between the completion of the primary vaccination series and a booster dose to at least five months, and authorizes a third primary series dose for specific immunocompromised children aged 5–11 years.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention expanded the eligibility for booster shots and strengthened recommendations for 12-17 year olds on January 5, 2022.

The Department of Defense, in coordination with the Department of Health and Human Services, awarded a $51.6M contract to Goldbelt Security LLC to purchase COVID-19 antigen over-the-counter test kits in support of providing 500M free at-home tests.

The Department of Defense, in partnership with the Department of Health and Human Services, has awarded contracts to Atlantic Trading, LLC, and Medea Inc. for the purchase of a combined total of 27M over-the-counter COVID-19 test kits to support the POTUS' initiative of providing 500M free at-home tests.

The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) has granted the President's request to maintain the COVID-19 vaccine mandate for health care workers in facilities that receive federal funding. This decision is aimed at ensuring the safety of both the workers and the patients in these facilities.

The Department of Defense, in collaboration with the Department of Health and Human Services, has awarded contracts to Abbott Rapid Dx North America, LLC, iHealth Lab Inc., and Roche Diagnostics Corporation to purchase a total of 380 million over-the-counter COVID-19 test kits in support of the distribution of 500 million free at-home tests.

On January 14, 2022, the CDC revised its mask guidelines to stress the importance of fit, comfort, and consistent wear.

The administration has officially launched a program to mail at-home COVID-19 tests directly to American households via a new website, COVIDTests.gov. A call line will also be made available to support the distribution of the tests.

The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) files a lawsuit against an Arkansas jail on behalf of detainees who were given ivermectin and hydroxychloroquine, drugs not recommended by the CDC for COVID-19 treatment.

The Biden Administration buys 1 billion COVID-19 tests and establishes an online portal for free at-home rapid antigen COVID-19 tests through the U.S. Postal Service to address the testing demand during the Omicron surge.

FDA further revises the Emergency Use Authorization for Eli Lilly’s Bamlanivimab and Etesevimab, as well as Regeneron’s Regen-cov, due to their ineffectiveness against the Omicron variant.

The Department of Defense, in coordination with the Department of Health and Human Services, awards a contract modification to iHealth Lab Inc. to procure an additional 104,166,665 over-the-counter COVID-19 test kits in support of POTUS' initiative to provide 500M free at-home tests.

The Food and Drug Administration approved the second COVID-19 vaccine, previously known as the Moderna vaccine, for COVID-19 prevention in individuals 18 years of age and older, under the name Spikevax.

On February 4, 2022, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended the use of Moderna's vaccine for individuals aged 18 years and older. This recommendation further supports the effectiveness and suitability of the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine for the specified age group.

A study published in Nature reveals that even a mild case of COVID-19 can increase the risk of heart problems for up to one year after infection, suggesting that COVID-19 may pose a similar risk for heart disease as high blood pressure, diabetes, or smoking.

CDC releases data indicating that COVID-19 vaccine boosters remain safe and highly effective against severe disease during the Omicron and Delta variant surges for individuals aged 5 years and older.

As of February 11, 2022, information about the Spikevax and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines was available on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration website, indicating ongoing efforts in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

CDC releases data showing that maternal COVID-19 vaccination with Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna reduces the risk of COVID-19 hospitalization in infants by around 60%.

The Wisconsin Department of Health Services confirms the death of a child from multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a serious condition associated with COVID-19 infection in children.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention updated its guidance on mask wearing based on risk, as announced on their website.

The federal government responded to COVID-19 by issuing guidance related to masks and screening testing for all DoD installations and other facilities.

The Department of Defense issued updated guidance on masks and screening testing for all DoD installations and other facilities.

The President announced the launch of the 'Test to Treat' initiative, allowing people to get tested at a pharmacy and receive antiviral pills on the spot at no cost if they test positive.

The U.S. has contributed over 480 million COVID-19 vaccine doses to 110 countries as part of global vaccination efforts.

Disparities in COVID-19 vaccination rates between urban and rural areas in the U.S. have more than doubled since April 2021 despite expanded vaccine access.

Global COVID-19 related deaths surpass 6 million, indicating the continued impact and severity of the pandemic on a global scale.

Hawaii announces the end of its universal indoor mask mandate, which is scheduled to take effect on March 26, 2022.

The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) extends the mask requirement for all public transportation and transportation hubs through April 18, 2022, based on CDC's recommendation.

On March 11, 2022, it marked the two-year anniversary of the World Health Organization declaring COVID-19 a global pandemic, signifying the prolonged impact of the virus on a global scale.

Several regions in China implement new lockdowns as part of the 'COVID Zero' policy in response to the discovery of Omicron variant cases. This leads to widespread disruption in production and distribution of goods globally.

CDC releases data in MMWR revealing that during the peak of the Omicron variant surge, the COVID-19 hospitalization rate among infants and children ages 4 years and younger was 5 times higher compared to the Delta variant. 63% of those hospitalized had no underlying medical conditions.

The Department of Defense, in coordination with the Department of Health and Human Services, awards contract modifications to Abbott Rapid Dx North America, LLC, and iHealth Labs Inc. to purchase COVID-19 antigen over-the-counter tests in support of free at-home COVID-19 tests.

The CDC released data indicating that adults who received 3 doses of a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine had a significantly lower risk of being put on a ventilator or dying from COVID-19 during the Omicron surge in the U.S. Additionally, the data revealed a disparity, with Black adults being four times more likely to be hospitalized than White adults.

The Department of Defense has responded to the FDA News Release, although specific details of the response are not provided.

The CDC estimates that about 55% of all current COVID-19 cases in the U.S. are caused by the Omicron BA.2 subvariant, indicating a significant impact on the spread and severity of the virus.

The World Health Organization (WHO) released the latest COVID-19 situation reports on March 28, 2022, providing updated data and information on the global pandemic.

The Food and Drug Administration has approved a second booster dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna COVID-19 vaccine for individuals aged 50 and above, as well as certain immunocompromised individuals.

On March 30, 2022, the number of recorded deaths due to COVID-19 in the U.S. reached 976,229, with more than 79,853,683 total reported cases of the virus.

CDC recommends that all adults who received a primary vaccine series and booster dose of Johnson & Johnson’s COVID-19 vaccine receive a second booster dose with an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.

The number of COVID-19 related deaths in the United States has exceeded 1 million, marking a significant milestone in the impact of the pandemic.

The Omicron subvariant BA.2 accounts for over 85% of new COVID-19 cases in the United States as of April 13, 2022.

On April 18, 2022, a judge in Florida ruled against CDC's mask mandate for indoor public transportation, impacting COVID-19 safety measures.

The CDC's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) reveals that during the early months of the Omicron surge, 30% of children aged 5-11 hospitalized with COVID-19 had no underlying medical conditions, with 90% being unvaccinated and 20% requiring ICU care.

COVID-19 was reported as the third leading cause of death in the U.S. for the second consecutive year, following heart disease and cancer.

The Biden Administration procures 20 million doses of Pfizer's oral anti-viral drug Paxlovid as part of the Test-to-Treat initiative, aiming to provide free COVID-19 testing and treatment at 2,200 locations in the U.S. The doses will also be used to expand the number of pharmacies stocking Paxlovid.

The CDC recommends the continued use of masks in indoor transportation hubs as a preventive measure against the spread of COVID-19, although it is no longer legally enforceable.

With a mortality rate of less than 0.2 percent, focus is shifted to COVID-19 patients who suffer lasting symptoms for more than 3–4 weeks, known as Long Covid. This shift in focus highlights the long-term impact of the pandemic on individuals.

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates approximately 15 million direct or indirect deaths globally from January 2020 to December 2021, attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic, with 84% of the excess deaths occurring in South-East Asia, Europe, and the Americas.

On May 12, 2022, the number of recorded deaths due to COVID-19 in the U.S. reaches 1 million (1,000,000). This marks a significant and tragic milestone in the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the United States.

On May 16, 2022, researchers from Brown University School of Public Health, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health estimated that around 50% of COVID-19 deaths in the U.S. could have been prevented through vaccination.

The Food and Drug Administration expanded the eligibility for Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine booster dose to include children aged 5 through 11 years.

On May 19, 2022, concerns were raised by experts and disability advocates about the underappreciated long-term consequences of COVID-19, with potential impacts on 5 to 25 million people in the U.S. and approximately 200 million people worldwide.

The CDC releases data in MMWR indicating that COVID-19 survivors have a higher risk of developing pulmonary embolism or respiratory conditions. It also reveals that around 1 in 5 adults may have health conditions linked to previous COVID-19 infections.

The CDC updates the COVID-19 Community Level, indicating that 71.52% of the U.S. population is in a location with low COVID-19 community transmission levels, 20.73% have medium levels, and 7.76% have high COVID-19 community levels.

The weekly average of new COVID-19 infections in the U.S. is now six times higher than it was in 2021, with 119,725 new cases reported each week. This number is considered 'grossly underreported' according to experts.

On June 1, 2022, the U.S. recorded a total of 84,145,569 COVID-19 infections and more than 1 million deaths from COVID-19.

A Kaiser Foundation study tested three widespread false statements about COVID-19 vaccines, including misinformation about pregnant women, breastfeeding women, and infertility. The study found that vaccine misinformation is prevalent among U.S. adults and pregnant women.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention announced the rescinding of the order mandating a negative COVID-19 test before boarding a flight to the United States, effective June 12, 2022 at 12:01 a.m. ET.

The Department of Defense (DOD) and the Department of Health and Human Services have agreed to acquire over 100 million doses of Pfizer's COVID-19 vaccine for the fall vaccine campaign.

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends the use of Moderna's COVID-19 vaccine for individuals aged 6 to 17 years, expanding the vaccination eligibility to a younger age group.

The Department of Defense issued the Consolidated COVID-19 Force Health Protection Guidance Revision 1 on June 29, 2022.

As COVID-19 case numbers rise in the U.S. due to the highly transmissible omicron subvariants BA.4 and BA.5, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requests updates to COVID-19 vaccine boosters from Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna to address the omicron variants. The updates are expected in the fall of 2022.

The FDA grants full approval to Pfizer-BioNTech's COVID-19 vaccine for individuals aged 12-15, reinforcing its safety, effectiveness, and consistent quality in manufacturing.

The Department of Defense, in coordination with the Department of Health and Human Services, awarded a $1.74 billion agreement to Moderna, Inc. to secure over 65 million doses of COVID-19 vaccine for a fall vaccination campaign on July 28, 2022.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention streamlined COVID-19 guidance on August 8, 2022, to assist the public in better protecting themselves and understanding their risk, as per the CDC website.

The Food and Drug Administration authorized the use of Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech bivalent COVID-19 vaccines as booster doses on August 11, 2022, as per the FDA News Release.

The Pentagon Reservation Health Protection Condition Level transitioned from Bravo to Alpha at 5 a.m. EDT on August 31, 2022, as per the Director of Administration and Management Memorandum.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention allows the use of Novavax Monovalent COVID-19 boosters for adults aged 18 and above.

The Food and Drug Administration announces that bebtelovimab is not authorized for emergency use in the U.S. for COVID-19 treatment due to its inability to neutralize Omicron subvariants BQ.1 and BQ.1.1.

On December 8, 2022, the Food and Drug Administration authorized bivalent COVID-19 vaccines for children as young as 6 months of age.

On January 10, 2023, the Secretary of Defense rescinded the August 24, 2021, memorandum mandating COVID-19 vaccination for members of the Armed Forces under DOD authority, as well as the November 30, 2021, memorandum pertaining to the vaccination of National Guard and Reserve personnel. This action was in response to the requirement established by the Fiscal Year 2023 National Defense Authorization Act.

On January 30, 2023, the Biden Administration announced it will end the COVID-19 public health emergency declarations on May 11, 2023. This announcement marks a significant step towards the conclusion of the pandemic.

On February 24, 2023, the Deputy Secretary of Defense issued guidance for implementing the rescission of COVID-19 vaccination requirements for service members, which was established by the Fiscal Year 2023 National Defense Authorization Act.

On March 24, 2023, the Department of Defense issued the Consolidated COVID-19 Force Health Protection Guidance Revision 5 in response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

On April 10, 2023, the President of the United States signed into law H.J.Res. 7, which terminated the national emergency related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Department of Defense issued Force Health Protection Guidance on COVID-19 and other infectious respiratory diseases, providing guidance on protecting its workforce and stakeholders from transmissible respiratory diseases and maintaining a healthy workforce and Force readiness.

The Public Health Emergency for COVID-19, declared under Section 319 of the Public Health Service Act, expired on May 11, 2023.

On September 12, 2023, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended an updated COVID-19 vaccine for the fall/winter virus season.

A new South-South health cooperation initiative was launched, linking Africa and the Caribbean.

WHO and MPP announced a technology transfer license to enable greater patient access to multiple essential diagnostics.

WHO announced digital payments to health workers to boost retention, motivation, and impact.

Research found that the COVID-19 virus can persist in the body for more than a year after the initial infection, highlighting the need for continued monitoring and research.

On March 25, 2024, the results from the 2023 Merchant Acceptance Survey revealed that despite the COVID-19 pandemic, merchant acceptance of cash remains strong. This indicates the resilience of cash as a payment method.

Research conducted on survivors of severe COVID-19 cases revealed that they are facing persistent health problems even after recovery.