Moon Jae-in was born in Geoje, South Korea, shortly before the end of the Korean War. He was raised in poverty in the southern port city of Busan and excelled in school despite the family's financial struggles.

On June 15, 2011, Moon Jae-in authored the book 'Fate of Moon Jae-in,' providing insights into his personal and political journey.

Moon's 2017 presidential campaign has supported re-opening of the Kaesong industrial park, reflecting his relatively liberal stance in foreign policy.

Moon Jae-in was elected as the 12th President of South Korea following the impeachment and removal of Park Geun-hye. His election brought significant changes in domestic and foreign policies, including his approach towards North Korea.

At the event on June 19, 2017, marking the end of operations at South Korea's oldest nuclear reactor, Kori Unit 1, Moon outlined his plan for the future of energy in Korea, saying 'we will abandon the development policy centered on nuclear power plants and exit the era of nuclear energy.' This would be implemented by canceling plans for new nuclear power plants and not renewing licenses for operating plants.

Moon outlined his long-term project for unification and emphasized alliance with the United States, assurance of North Korea's nuclear weapons program dismantlement, and cooperation with the international community.

Moon met with Kim Jong Un, Chairman of the Workers' Party of Korea, in an effort to improve inter-Korean relations.

On June 30, 2019, Moon Jae-in met with both Kim Jong Un and Donald Trump, then-president of the United States, at the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), marking a historic event in the relations between the two Koreas and the United States.

Moon expressed hope for the end-of-war declaration to advance into an era of reconciliation and prosperity on the Korean Peninsula.

Moon's response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been praised both domestically and internationally. In the first few weeks of March 2020, daily cases fell from 800 to fewer than 100, reducing daily cases by more than 90% at its peak.

On July 13, 2020, Park Sang-hak, a North Korean defector, accused the Moon administration of silencing human rights activists. The government's actions were condemned by the North Korea Freedom Coalition, citing violations of freedom of expression.

On October 3, 2020, thousands of demonstrators protested against Moon Jae-in's policies in Seoul, despite a spike in new coronavirus cases prompting tighter social distancing curbs. Conservative groups also held drive-thru anti-government rallies in southern Seoul on the national foundation day.

Moon's Democratic Party won 163 constituency seats, while their satellite Platform party won 17 proportional representation seats, giving the alliance a total of 180 seats in the 300-seat assembly, enough to reach the three-fifths super-majority required to fast-track assembly procedures and 'do everything but revising the Constitution at the parliament.' Subsequently, with its new three-fifths majority, the Democratic Party implemented a series of reforms and were approved by the National Assembly in December 2020.

Moon left office and was succeeded by Yoon Suk Yeol, marking the end of his presidency.

Yoon Suk Yeol moved the presidential office to the former Ministry of Defence building at Yongsan District, Seoul upon taking office, marking the end of the Blue House as the official presidential office and residence.