Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud was designated as the heir to the Saudi throne in 1933. He played a significant role in the financial reforms of Saudi Arabia, including the preparation of the first state budget in 1948 and the establishment of the Saudi Central Bank in 1952.

In 1925, Saud's father, Ibn Saud, conquered the Hejaz region in the Arabian Peninsula. He then appointed Saud and his brother Fayṣal as deputies in Najd and Hejaz respectively.

In an attempt to settle problems with Ikhwan leaders, including Faisal Al Duwaish, Sultan bin Bajad, and Dhaydan bin Hithlain, Ibn Saud organized a meeting in Riyadh in 1928, but none of them attended.

In 1929, Ibn Saud crushed the Ikhwān, fanatics he had trained, at the Battle of Sibilla after they invaded Iraq against his wishes and were repulsed by British aircraft.

On 23 September 1932, Ibn Saud formally united his realm into the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, with himself as its king.

Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud was appointed as the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia on May 11, 1933, by his father, King Abdulaziz. This positioned him as the successor to the throne.

In 1934, Saud and his brother Fayṣal led a successful military campaign against Yemen. This demonstrated their military prowess and strategic capabilities.

In 1937, Saud represented his father at the coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in Europe, where he struck a warm friendship with King Ghazi of Iraq.

In 1946, Saud participated in the adoption of the resolution at Inshas in Egypt, declaring the Palestinian cause as the cause of all Arabs.

In November 1947, Prince Saud announced plans for the paved road between Jeddah and Mecca, as well as the inauguration of the project to bring water from Wadi Fatimah to Jeddah.

In 1948, King Abd al-Aziz sends Saudi forces to join an unsuccessful effort to destroy the nascent Jewish state. This action leads to Saudi Arabia never officially recognizing Israel and technically remaining at war with it.

In 1950, the Mecca college was established during the Hajj, later to be expanded and renamed Umm al-Qura University.

On October 19, 1952, the Crown Prince's Reforms were issued, involving the reorganization of public administration and the establishment or restructuring of ministries and departments.

On June 10, 1953, Saud laid the foundation stone for the expansion and refurbishment of the Prophet's Mosque in Medina.

On August 25, 1953, Crown Prince Saud was appointed as the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces and Internal Security Units.

On October 19, 1953, Abdulaziz appointed Crown Prince Saud as Prime Minister for the first Saudi Cabinet.

Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud ascended to the throne of Saudi Arabia on November 9, 1953, following the death of his father, King Abdulaziz. He served as the Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia and played a significant role in the country's financial reforms and infrastructural development.

On November 9, 1953, King Saud ascended to the throne of Saudi Arabia following the death of his father, King Abdulaziz. He ruled the kingdom until 1964 when he was deposed due to financial troubles and disagreements within the royal family.

In 1960, Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud regained executive authority in Saudi Arabia after mismanaging the financial affairs of the state and giving full executive powers to Fayṣal as president of the council of ministers.

Under the reign of Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Saudi Arabia joined the Non-Aligned Movement in 1961. This decision reflected the country's foreign policy of neutrality and independence during the Cold War.

In 1962, King Saud sponsored an international Islamic conference that led to the establishment of the Muslim World League, headquartered in Makkah, promoting Islamic unity and cooperation.

In 1963, King Saud of Saudi Arabia was compelled to travel abroad for medical care, leading to increased domestic opposition against him.

In 1964, King Saud was deposed from the throne of Saudi Arabia due to financial difficulties and internal family disputes. This marked the end of his reign as the king of the kingdom.

Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud abdicated the throne of Saudi Arabia on November 2, 1964, after facing a power struggle with his half-brother and crown prince, Faisal. This led to the proclamation of Faisal as the new king of Saudi Arabia.

On 6 January 1965, King Saud went to the palace with his uncle to declare his allegiance to King Faisal, accepting his brother as the new ruler.

King Saud passed away on 23 February 1969 in Athens, where he had settled after leaving Saudi Arabia.