Israel

In 37 BC, Herod the Great was appointed as the King of Israel by the Romans, marking a significant shift in the governance of the region.

In 63 BC, Rome, led by Pompey the Great, conquered Israel, exerting its influence over the region.

In 135 CE, a revolt led to the death of 580,000 Jewish soldiers, and Emperor Hadrian decreed the replacement of the name 'Judea' with 'Syria Palestina' or 'Palestine'.

The Maccabean revolt in 167 BC resulted in the independence of the Jews, marking a significant event in the history of Israel.

In 322 BC, the Greeks, under the leadership of Alexander the Great, conquered Israel, Persia, and Egypt, expanding their empire.

In 516 BCE, the Second Temple was constructed in Jerusalem, marking a significant event in the history of the Jewish people and their religious practices.

In 538 BCE, Cyrus the Great, the King of Persia, conquered Babylonia and allowed the Jewish people to return home, following the conquest of Babylon.

In 586 BCE, Babylon, under the rule of Nebuchadnezzar II, conquered Judah and destroyed the Temple, leading to the captivity of many Israelites.

The Assyrian Empire conquers the Northern Kingdom of Israel, resulting in significant geopolitical changes in the region.

The kingdom of Israel divides into two separate entities: Israel in the north and Judah in the south, leading to distinct political and cultural developments.

The Kingdom of Israel emerged around 1000 BC and was ruled by great kings such as King David and Solomon.

Saul is anointed as the first king of Israel, marking the establishment of monarchy in the region.

The Hebrews, led by Moses, arrive in the land of Israel after their exodus from Egypt.

Moses leads the Hebrews, who were enslaved in Egypt, to freedom and towards the Promised Land.

Around 1500 BCE, Joseph was sold into slavery, leading to his family joining him in Egypt.

In 1517, the Ottoman Empire took control of the land, marking a significant shift in power and influence in the region.

Suleiman the Magnificent undertakes the rebuilding of the city walls of Jerusalem in 1520.

Napoleon Bonaparte invades Israel in 1799 but fails to capture it and is forced to leave.

The first neighborhood, Mishkenot Sha'ananim, is built outside of Jerusalem’s city walls in 1860.

In 1882, the first large-scale immigration to Israel took place, primarily from Russia. This immigration marked the beginning of a significant demographic change in the region.

The term 'Zionism' is first coined, representing the movement for the establishment, development, and protection of a Jewish nation in Palestine.

Theodor Herzl publishes 'Der Judenstaat' (The Jewish State), advocating for the creation of a Jewish state as a solution to anti-Semitism.

The First Zionist Congress took place in 1897 in Basel, Switzerland, where Theodor Herzl and other leaders of the Zionist movement gathered to advocate for the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine in response to widespread antisemitism and persecution of Jewish communities in Europe.

In 1904, a second large-scale immigration to Israel occurred, with a significant number of immigrants arriving from Russia and Poland. This immigration further contributed to the demographic transformation of the area.

The first Zionist Congress was held in Switzerland in 1907, leading to the founding of the first Zionist organization.

Tel Aviv was founded in 1909 as a Jewish neighborhood north of the ancient port city of Jaffa. It later grew into a major city and economic center in Israel.

The Balfour Declaration was a letter expressing British support for the establishment of a 'national home for the Jewish people' in Palestine. It had a profound impact on international diplomacy and shaped the Israeli-Palestinian conflict by laying the groundwork for competing national claims in Palestine.

In May 1921, a Jewish Labour Day march was attacked, resulting in the death of 47 Jews, as part of the Arab response to Jewish settlement in Palestine.

The treaty of San Remo was ratified by the League of Nations in July 1922, confirming the decisions made at the Allied conference regarding the fate of the former Turkish possessions and the mandate to Britain over the area comprising Israel, Jordan, and the Golan Heights.

The 1929 Hebron massacre was a violent event in the city of Hebron in British Mandate Palestine. Arab residents attacked the Jewish community, resulting in the deaths of approximately 67 Jewish residents, including women and children, and injuries to many others.

In 1930, a policy statement restricted the transfer of land to Jews, as part of the British Government's response to the Arabs’ protests against Jewish immigration and land acquisition.

In December 1931, a Muslim Conference in Jerusalem attended by 22 countries denounced Zionism, and in 1933 a boycott of British and Zionist goods was proclaimed.

Jewish immigration to Palestine increased dramatically after the accession of Hitler in 1933, driven by persecution in central and eastern Europe.

In April 1936, Arab political parties formed an Arab Higher Committee under the presidency of Haj Amin El Husseini, leading to a general strike and the organization of armed groups to attack Jewish settlements.

In 1937, the Mufti fled from Palestine to Nazi Germany, establishing close relations with the government and endorsing Hitler’s 'final solution' of the Jewish problem.

In January 1939, a conference in London between the British Government and Jewish and Arab representatives took place. The conference involved the Arabs demanding an immediate end to Jewish immigration and land acquisition, while the Jews of Germany emphasized the life or death nature of their situation and urged Britain not to sacrifice them.

The Zionist Conference was held at the Biltmore Hotel in New York City, which played a significant role in solidifying US-Zionist relations.

In 1945, President Franklin D. Roosevelt assured the Arabs that the United States would not intervene in Palestine without consulting both the Jews and the Arabs in the region.

Irgun, a Zionist paramilitary organization, bombs the King David Hotel in Jerusalem, resulting in the death of 91 people.

On 29th November 1947, the United Nations General Assembly passed the partition resolution, leading to the creation of the State of Israel.

The United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution on November 29, 1947, recommending the partition of Palestine into Jewish and Arab states.

Israel declared independence on May 14, 1948, ending the British Mandate and establishing a Jewish state in the Land of Israel.

The State of Israel was established in 1948, just three years after the end of the Holocaust, as a homeland for the Jewish people. It rose from the ashes of the Holocaust to reclaim a Jewish future and rebuild the Jewish state.

The armed Zionist group Haganah carries out a bombing at the Semiramis Hotel in Jerusalem, resulting in the tragic deaths of over 20 individuals.

Stern Gang and Irgun forces carried out a massacre of Palestinians in the village of Dayr Yassin near Jerusalem.

On May 14, 1948, the State of Israel was instituted by the Jewish National Council under the presidency of David Ben Gurion, coinciding with the expiration of the British Mandate in Palestine.

Israel was established as an independent state on May 14, 1948.

In retaliation for the arrest of Jewish resistance leaders, five British sergeants were kidnapped by the Irgun and hanged.

Stern Gang assassinated Folke Bernadotte, a Swedish diplomat and the UN-appointed mediator in Palestine.

The State of Israel was established on May 14, 1948, following the adoption of the Israeli Declaration of Independence. This event marked the culmination of the Zionist movement, which sought to establish a Jewish homeland in the historic Land of Israel.

Between February and July 1949, Israel signed armistice agreements with Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria.

Israel declared independence on May 14, 1948, but it was officially recognized on April 18, 1949.

In May 1949, the United Nations General Assembly adopted Resolution 273 (III) admitting Israel as a member of the UN.

Armistice agreements were signed between Israel and its neighboring Arab countries including Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, and Egypt.

In 1950, Israel moved its capital from Tel Aviv to the western part of Jerusalem, defying UN resolutions. Additionally, the West Bank was formally brought under Jordanian control.

On January 23, 1950, Western Jerusalem was declared as the capital city of Israel.

Israel, along with Britain and France, invaded Egypt in response to Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser's nationalization of the Suez Canal. International pressure, including from the United States and the Soviet Union, forced the withdrawal of the invading forces.

In 1966, Israel massacred Palestinians in the village of As-Samu'.

The Six-Day War was a significant conflict that resulted in Israel's overwhelming victory, leading to the capture of key territories and a major shift in its regional power. It also deepened relations with the United States and had profound implications for the establishment of Israeli settlements and the rise of Palestinian nationalism.

Golda Meir became the first woman to be elected as the Prime Minister of Israel in 1969.

During the Black September conflict in Jordan, Israel launches attacks on Palestinian fighters, leading to a significant escalation of the conflict.

The Munich Olympics Massacre was a major Palestinian terrorist attack carried out by the Black September group, resulting in the tragic hostage-taking and killing of 11 members of the Israeli Olympic team. This event gained significant international attention and marked a turning point in the history of terrorism and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

On October 6, 1973, Syria and Egypt launched a surprise attack against Israel on the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur. Israel managed to cross the Suez into Egypt and endangered Cairo, leading to the intervention of the USA and USSR and the end of military operations on October 25, 1973.

In May 1977, Menachem Begin's right-wing Likud party wins a surprise election victory, bringing about significant political and policy changes in Israel.

Israel occupied southern Lebanon in 1978, leading to tensions with Hezbollah, who considers Israel as its main enemy.

In September 1978, the Camp David Accord was signed by Israeli Prime Minister Menahen Begin and Egyptian President Anvar as Sadat in Camp David, USA. The agreement involved Israel's commitment to withdraw from the occupied Sinai Peninsula.

The Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty was signed in 1979, marking the first peace agreement between Israel and an Arab country. This event reshaped the political dynamics in the Middle East.

Israel and Egypt signed a historic peace treaty at Camp David in the United States, marking a significant diplomatic breakthrough in the Middle East.

The Shekel was officially adopted as the currency of Israel, replacing the Israeli lira.

The Israeli invasion of Lebanon in June 1982 is a significant event with far-reaching consequences for the region and international relations.

After 20 years of brutal military occupation, the First Intifada began in the Occupied Palestinian Territory as a result of Israel's occupation and the building of settlements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip.

The Madrid Peace Conference was a significant diplomatic effort co-sponsored by the United States and the Soviet Union to address the Arab-Israeli conflict. It brought together representatives from Israel, Arab states, and the Palestinians to engage in both bilateral negotiations and multilateral discussions on regional issues.

The Oslo Accords were a pair of transitional agreements signed by Israel and the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) to establish a partnership for negotiating border disputes, creating Palestinian self-governance through the creation of the Palestinian Authority, and over time, the hope was this would lead to a peaceful solution to the conflict and a two-state solution.

The Jordan-Israel Peace Treaty, signed in 1994, is an agreement between Jordan and Israel that recognizes each other's sovereignty, establishes their international boundary, and promotes security and economic cooperation.

On November 4, 1995, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, a longtime major political figure in Israeli politics and head of the left-wing Labor Party, was assassinated by an Israeli extremist, Yigal Amir, at a peace rally in Tel Aviv.

The book 'A Durable Peace: Israel and Its Place Among the Nations' was published in 1999, offering perspectives on Israel's position in the international arena.

In 2000 BC, the Jewish Patriarch Abraham was promised the land of Israel by God, which led to his descendants becoming the Jewish people.

The Second Intifada, also known as the Al-Aqsa Intifada, was a period of intense conflict and Palestinian uprising against Israeli rule that lasted from late September 2000 to 2005. It was characterized by widespread protests, demonstrations, suicide bombings, and armed confrontations between Israeli security forces and Palestinian terrorists.

Israel reoccupies Palestinian cities in the West Bank in response to the Second Intifada, a period of intensified Israeli-Palestinian violence.

In 2005, Israel conducted its 'disengagement' from Gaza, withdrawing all Israeli civilians and military presence from the region.

Israel's withdrawal from Gaza in September 2005 is a significant event with implications for the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and regional dynamics.

On September 12, 2005, IDF withdrew from the Gaza Strip, officially ending Israeli military rule in the region.

The conflict revealed Hezbollah’s military capabilities, raised questions about Israel’s military planning and leadership, and had significant humanitarian impacts on Lebanon. It also had wide regional impacts, particularly with Iranian and Syrian support for Hezbollah. The adoption of UN Resolution 1701 called for a ceasefire, withdrawal of Israeli forces, deployment of UN peacekeepers in southern Lebanon, and the disarming of Hezbollah, which has not been fully achieved.

Following the Israeli withdrawal in 2005, the Gaza Strip came under the control of the Iran-backed Hamas terrorist group, which violently ousted the Fatah-controlled Palestinian Authority in 2007.

In 2009, Benjamin Netanyahu was elected as the Prime Minister of Israel, marking a significant political event in the country's history.

Israel claims a shipment of North Korean weapons seized in Thailand was meant for Hezbollah.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu implemented a settlement freeze for 10 months as a gesture of good faith, in response to a key Palestinian demand. However, talks were aborted by Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas.

Israel launched an operation from November 14 to November 21, 2012, targeting terrorists and rocket launchers in Gaza due to increased rocket attacks from Gaza into nearby Israeli communities. The operation resulted in a ceasefire agreement brokered by Egypt and other international mediators, reaffirming the threat that Hamas posed to Israel and leading to increased investment in Israel’s defense system.

Pelosi expressed support for Israel during the 2014 Israel-Gaza conflict.

Operation Protective Edge was launched by Israel in response to escalating tensions and rocket fire from Hamas terrorists in the West Bank. It aimed to uncover and neutralize tunnels extending from Gaza into Israeli territory and to end Hamas rocket fire.

In December 2017, US President Donald Trump's recognition of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel sparks significant reactions and has implications for the region's geopolitics.

In 2019, Israel held early elections for the 20th Knesset, resulting in the victory of the Likud party led by Benjamin Netanyahu. The election outcome had a significant impact on Israeli politics and the Middle East region.

The Abraham Accords, signed in 2020, are a series of historic agreements that led to the normalization of diplomatic, economic, and cultural relations between Israel and Arab countries, including the UAE and Bahrain, and later the Joint Declaration with Morocco. The Accords marked a departure from decades of Arab-Israeli conflict, opened up economic opportunities, fostered regional stability, and represented a symbol of changing dynamics in the Middle East. They also served as a model for potential future agreements between Israel and other Arab and Muslim-majority countries.

An 11-day war erupted between Israel and Hamas due to tensions over the Al-Aqsa Mosque and an eviction dispute in East Jerusalem. Hamas launched rockets at Israeli civilian areas, resulting in intense rocket fire from Gaza and Israeli airstrikes. The conflict ended with a ceasefire brokered by Egypt and other mediators.

The IDF and Israel Police intercepted an overnight smuggling operation attempting to bring weapons and ammunition from Lebanon into Israel. There were suspicions of Hezbollah's involvement in the thwarted smuggling.

The Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) stated that in a potential future conflict, Hezbollah could launch 1,000 to 3,000 rockets daily at Israel during the initial week of fighting.

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict continued to escalate in 2022, leading to heightened tensions and violence in the region.

A three-day conflict in Gaza resulted in over 1,000 rockets being fired at Israel by the Iranian-backed Palestinian Islamic Jihad terror group and the targeted killing of PIJ commander Tayseer al-Jabari. The conflict quickly ended in a ceasefire between Israel and Palestinian Islamic Jihad.

Israeli Prime Minister Yair Lapid emphasizes the need for a credible military threat to prevent Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons before negotiating a stronger deal.

A weekly anti-Israel march took place in London, with police under scrutiny for their handling of the protests.

Israel launched Operation Shield and Arrow to end the threat against Israel posed by Palestinian Islamic Jihad terrorists after they fired over 100 rockets into Israel. The violence stemming from Gaza was also linked to increasing terrorism in the West Bank, specifically from Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad.

A resolution introduced by Senator Charles E. Schumer from New York in the 118th Congress of 2023-2024, standing in solidarity with Israel against terrorism.

AJC Global Forum 2024 is a significant event that brings together global leaders, advocates, and experts to discuss and address key issues related to Israel, antisemitism, and other important topics.

Pelosi suggested a possible connection between pro-Palestinian protesters and Russia during the Israel-Hamas war, urging the FBI to investigate.

On April 5, 2024, a crisis involving Biden and Netanyahu occurred, causing tensions and concerns. The details of the crisis and its implications are significant.