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Golda Meir

Israeli politician, first female PM of Israel.

Golda Meir was Israel's first female prime minister, serving from 1969 to 1974. She played key roles in the Jewish Agency and signed the Israeli Declaration of Independence. Meir faced challenges during the Yom Kippur War in 1973, leading to public criticism. She passed away in 1978, leaving a mixed legacy.

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Timeline

1898-05-03
Birth of Golda Meir
Golda Meir, born as Golda Mabovitch, was born into a Ukrainian-Jewish family in Kiev, then part of the Russian Empire. She later became the first and only female Prime Minister of Israel, serving from 1969 to 1974.
1903-05-03
Birth of Golda Meir
Golda Meir was born on May 3, 1903.
1906
Immigration to the United States
In 1906, Golda Meir immigrated with her family from Kiev to the United States. This immigration marked a significant change in her life and eventually led her to become a prominent figure in Israeli politics.
1913-02-17
Golda Meir enrolls at North High School in Denver
In February 1913, 14-year-old Golda Meir leaves her house without permission and moves to Denver to live with her sister's family. She enrolls at North High School on February 17 and becomes exposed to various intellectual discussions that shape her future convictions.
1914-06-05
Golda Meir leaves North High School in Denver
In June 1914, Golda Meir ends her stay at North High School in Denver due to disagreements with her sister. She decides to move out on her own, work, and eventually plans to return to Milwaukee.
1917-07-09
Golda Meir becomes a naturalized US citizen
Golda Meir became a naturalized US citizen on July 9, 1917, as her father had also naturalized. Children of naturalized citizens under the age of 21 received citizenship by descent at that time.
1917-09-01
Golda Meir's Education
Golda Meir's education milestone occurred on September 1, 1917.
1917-12-24
Golda and Morris Myerson's Wedding
Golda and Morris Myerson have a small wedding in Golda's parents' home. Shortly after the wedding, Golda has to travel for Poalei Zion.
1918
Golda attends the first convention of the American Jewish Congress
In 1918, Golda attends the first convention of the American Jewish Congress in Philadelphia as a delegate from Milwaukee. Being the youngest delegate, she views this event as the beginning of her political journey.
1921
Golda Meir and Meyerson move to Mandatory Palestine
In 1921, Golda Meir and Meyerson moved to Mandatory Palestine, part of the British Mandate. They sailed from New York to Naples and then to Tel Aviv, settling in kibbutz Merhavia in the Jezreel Valley.
1924
Golda Meir and Meyerson settle in Jerusalem and have children
In 1924, Golda Meir and Meyerson settled in Jerusalem and had two children, a son Menachem and a daughter Sarah. Golda Meir briefly returned to kibbutz Merhavia in 1925.
1926
Birth of Sarah
Golda Meir gave birth to her daughter, Sarah, in 1926 while facing financial difficulties in Jerusalem. She struggled to make ends meet and longed for meaningful community involvement.
1928-01
Golda becomes Secretary of the Women's Labor Council
On January 1, 1928, Golda Meir became the Secretary of the Women's Labor Council, a position that allowed her to advocate for women's rights and labor issues. Her leadership in this role contributed to the advancement of women in the workforce.
1946
Golda Meir Appointed Head of Jewish Agency's Political Department
In 1946, Golda Meir is appointed acting head of the Jewish Agency's Political Department and later becomes the head. She plays a crucial role during a time when refugees headed to Palestine are detained and begin a hunger strike.
1947
Golda Meir's Diplomatic Efforts in Cyprus
In 1947, Golda Meir travels to Cyprus to convince detained refugees to prioritize families with children for immigration to Palestine. She also has a significant meeting with King Abdullah of Jordan as the United Nations votes to partition Palestine.
1948-01-22
Golda Meir's Fundraising Success for Israel
In January 1948, Golda Meir played a critical role in fundraising for the Jewish Agency, raising over $30 million for the continuing war and the establishment of Israel. Her emotional speech in Chicago was key to her success, and the funds were crucial for the war effort.
1948-05-06
Golda Meir's Impactful Visit to Haifa
On 6 May 1948, Golda Meir visited Haifa after its occupation by Hagannah. Witnessing the suffering of an elderly Arab woman deeply affected her, leading her to denounce the mass expulsion of Arabs and draw parallels to the Jewish experience in Nazi-occupied Europe.
1948-05-10
Golda Meir's Mission to Amman
On May 10, 1948, Golda Meir went on a hazardous mission to Amman disguised as an Arab to persuade King Abdullah of Jordan not to attack Israel.
1948-05-14
Israel's Independence Declared
On May 14, 1948, Israel declared its independence in a ceremony held at the Tel Aviv Art Museum. Golda Myerson was one of the signatories of the declaration.
1948-05-18
Successful Fundraising Tour
Golda Meir embarked on a successful fundraising tour on May 18, 1948, raising around $50 million to support Israel during the war. Her efforts contributed significantly to the war funding.
1949-01-01
Golda Meir appointed as Minister of Labor
On January 1, 1949, Golda Meir assumed the role of Minister of Labor. This position marked a significant responsibility in her political career, where she likely focused on labor-related policies and initiatives to benefit the workforce.
1950-10
Israel's Three-Year Plan for Development
In October 1950, Golda Meir announced a three-year-plan for Israel's development with a price tag of $15 billion over the next 15 years, aimed at dealing with the funding challenges caused by the influx of immigrants.
1954
Lavon Affair
In 1954, Golda Meir sided with David Ben-Gurion against Pinhas Lavon in the Lavon Affair, a controversial political event in Israel's history.
1956-06-18
Golda Meir's role during the 1956 Suez Crisis
Golda Meir served as Foreign Minister during the 1956 Suez Crisis, coordinating with France and leading the Israeli delegation at the United Nations debates. The crisis ended with the withdrawal of the invading forces.
1965
Golda Meir becomes Secretary-General of Mapai
In 1965, Golda Meir became the Secretary-General of Mapai, Israel's dominant political party, solidifying her influence and leadership within the political landscape of Israel.
1966
Golda Meir becomes Secretary-General of Mapai party
In 1966, Golda Meir leaves her position as Foreign Minister and becomes the Secretary-General of Mapai party to unify the Labor party alliance. She takes on the role to bring together the fragments of the Labor movement.
1969-02-26
Golda Meir becomes Prime Minister of Israel
Following the death of Prime Minister Levi Eshkol, Golda Meir became the compromise candidate and assumed the role of Prime Minister of Israel on February 26, 1969. She maintained the coalition government that had emerged after the Six-Day War.
1969-03-07
Golda Meir becomes the new party leader
On March 7, 1969, Golda Meir was voted as the new party leader by the party's central committee. Despite her initial hesitations due to health concerns, she accepted the position and served as the leader of the party.
1969-03-17
Golda Meir becomes Prime Minister of Israel
On March 17, 1969, Golda Meir becomes the Prime Minister of Israel after accepting the nomination by the central committee of her party. She takes office seven weeks before her 71st birthday and is the fourth person to hold this position.
1970
Cease-fire in the War of Attrition and meetings with King Hussein of Jordan
In 1970, a cease-fire takes place in the War of Attrition with Egypt. Golda Meir also initiates meetings with King Hussein of Jordan during this time.
1971
Golda Meir Tops Gallup Poll
In 1971, Golda Meir becomes the second woman from outside the U.S. to be the most admired woman in America according to the Gallup poll. She repeats this achievement in 1973 and 1974.
1972
Munich Olympics Massacre and Lod Airport Attack
In 1972, as Prime Minister, Golda Meir faces the September massacre of 11 Israeli athletes during the Munich Olympics. She orders the creation of assassination teams to hunt down the perpetrators from the Black September movement. Additionally, terrorists kill 27 people at Lod Airport in Tel Aviv.
1973-02-28
Golda Meir agrees with Henry Kissinger's peace proposal
On February 28, 1973, during a visit to Washington, D.C., Golda Meir agreed with Henry Kissinger's peace proposal based on 'security versus sovereignty,' which involved territorial compromises for peace between Israel and Egypt.
1973-03-04
Foiled Assassination Plot by Black September
In March 1973, a plot by the Black September terror organization to assassinate Golda Meir during her trip to New York City was foiled by the United States. Specific information about car bombs targeting Meir was intercepted and disposed of by the FBI and the New York Police Department.
1973-04-10
Golda Meir resigns as Prime Minister of Israel
After the outbreak of the Yom Kippur War in October 1973, Golda Meir faced challenges in forming a new coalition government. She eventually resigned as Prime Minister on April 10, 1974, remaining in power as head of a caretaker government until June.
1973-10-05
Yom Kippur War
The Yom Kippur War, also known as the October War, broke out on October 5, 1973.
1973-10-06
1973 Yom Kippur War
The war started with Egyptian and Syrian attacks on October 6, 1973, posing a significant challenge for Golda Meir. It ended with peace negotiations brokered by U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger.
1973-10-22
Israel Committed to Peace - Address to the General Assembly by Golda Meir
Golda Meir emphasized Israel's commitment to peace in her address to the General Assembly.
1974-04-10
Golda Meir announces resignation
Golda Meir informs party leaders on April 10 that she is resigning from her position as Prime Minister of Israel. She continues to lead a caretaker government until her official departure on June 4.
1974-06-04
Golda Meir leaves office
Golda Meir steps down from her position as the Prime Minister of Israel and also ends her 25-year tenure in the Knesset. She had initially struggled to form a government and decided to move back to private life.
1978-12-08
Death of Golda Meir
Golda Meir, who had been suffering from leukemia, passed away on December 8, 1978, four years after resigning from office.
End of the Timeline
Golda Meir

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