John Maynard Keynes, a British economist, was born on June 5, 1883. He is known as one of the most important figures in the history of economics.

At the age of five and a half, Keynes began attending the kindergarten of the Perse School for Girls. Despite showing talent in arithmetic, he faced health issues leading to frequent absences. He received tutoring at home from a governess and his mother.

In 1896, John Maynard Keynes excelled in mathematics and was described as head and shoulders above all the other boys in his school, showing early signs of his intellectual promise.

Keynes starts at Eton three days late due to illness. He is noted for his intellectual self-confidence and leadership qualities among his classmates.

In 1899, Keynes achieved success by winning the Senior Mathematics Prize at Eton, showcasing his talent and dedication in the field of mathematics.

During the Boer War, Keynes refuses to join the 'Eton Shooters' for military training, expressing his views on patriotism and waving the Union Jack.

In 1901, Keynes achieved remarkable success by securing the first position in mathematics, history, and English essay at Eton, highlighting his diverse academic abilities and achievements.

Keynes starts his undergraduate studies at King's College, Cambridge, where he actively engages in social activities and intellectual societies.

In May 1904, John Maynard Keynes received a first class BA in mathematics from Cambridge, England.

In May 1905, John Maynard Keynes took the examination and achieved the twelfth position, which was considered average. Despite various distractions, he performed better than expected.

During the Summer of 1905, Keynes began studying economics under the guidance of Alfred Marshall, contemplating the idea of pursuing an economics degree.

In August 1906, John Maynard Keynes participated in the Civil Service examinations and secured the second position among the ten accepted candidates. He chose to enter the India Office after the top candidate opted for the treasury department.

In October 1906, John Maynard Keynes began working as a junior clerk at the India Office in London. His time at the India Office, examining financial reports and handling data, started shaping his economic thinking, particularly on index numbers.

Keynes resigned from the India Office on June 5, 1908, due to dissatisfaction with the career opportunities provided. He decided to focus on his own work and pursue a Fellowship at King's College.

Keynes starts lecturing at Cambridge University on Money, Credit, and Prices three times a week.

In 1910, John Maynard Keynes took on the duties of Pigou's principles class in addition to lecturing on money and banking. This expanded his academic responsibilities.

In 1911, John Maynard Keynes was appointed as the editor of The Economic Journal, succeeding Francis Ysidro Edgeworth. This marked a significant milestone in Keynes's career.

In December 1913, Harold Reed published a review of John Maynard Keynes's work 'Indian Currency and Finance' in the American Economic Review.

On August 2, 1914, just before the outbreak of World War I, Keynes rushed to London to advise Lloyd George on a banking crisis, where the City was in panic and facing a credit crunch.

In January 6, 1915, John Maynard Keynes left Cambridge to join the British Treasury and assist in financing the British war economy during World War I. Initially working as an assistant to economic advisor Sir George Paish, Keynes played a crucial role in shaping economic policies during the war.

By February 1916, John Maynard Keynes positioned himself as an indispensable expert on inter-allied finance, working independently and authoring memoranda.

In May 1916, John Maynard Keynes opposed the new military conscription law, arguing that it would negatively impact British export industries.

In February 1917, Lloyd George personally removed John Maynard Keynes' name from the honors list, although Keynes later received the Companion of Bath.

In September 1917, John Maynard Keynes traveled to the United States to negotiate terms for American loans with the US Treasury, as Britain faced a foreign funding crisis. He aimed to address the issue of private American savings being diverted from London to fund America's wartime borrowing.

In late October 1917, John Maynard Keynes returned to England after his trip to the United States where he negotiated with the US Treasury on terms for American loans. This marked a significant moment in the efforts to address the foreign funding crisis faced by Britain.

In early 1918, Keynes attempted to persuade the Americans to increase their financial support for the Allies' purchases of American goods, while ensuring British control over the funding.

Keynes resigned from the conference and the Treasury on June 7, 1919, due to his opposition to the devastating consequences of heavy reparations payments imposed on Germany.

In June 1919, Keynes was appointed as the financial representative for the Treasury to the Versailles peace conference, where he played a significant role.

On March 27, 1920, speeches on 'The Economic Consequences of the Peace' were delivered by P. Cravath, A.A. Young, A.S. Johnson, and D.H. Miller.

A review of John Maynard Keynes's work on probability by F.Y. Edgeworth in 1922.

Bertrand Russell wrote a review of John Maynard Keynes's Treatise on Probability in July 1922.

F.A. Ogg reviewed John Maynard Keynes's Revision of the Treaty in August 1922.

Mr. Keynes shared his views on the economic outlook in 1923.

François Simiand published a review of John Maynard Keynes's Tract on Monetary Reform in July 1923.

Edwin Cannan wrote a review of John Maynard Keynes's Tract in March 1924.

In June 1924, R.G. Hawtrey published a review of John Maynard Keynes's Tract on Monetary Reform in the Economic Journal.

In July 1924, John Maynard Keynes testified before the Macmillan Committee, where he reiterated his argument against resuming the Gold Standard. His view, supported by Reginald McKenna, was dismissed by British Treasury officials as the 'Keynes-McKenna view'.

In December 1924, R.N. Owens conducted a review of John Maynard Keynes's Tract on Monetary Reform in the Journal of Political Economy.

Keynes marries Lydia Lopokova, a well-known Russian ballerina, and begins advising her financially.

In 1926, Frank Ramsey published a paper titled 'Truth and probability' where he argued against Keynes' views on probability, examining the contrasting perspectives of the two scholars.

Ludwig von Mises reviewed John Maynard Keynes's End of Laissez-Faire in 1927, offering a different perspective on Keynes's views on economic policy.

In early 1928, the Liberal Industrial Inquiry produced a famous 'Yellow Book' advocating for a 'National Development Program' of public capital expenditures as employment policy.

In 1929, Keynes proposed the introduction of tariffs on imports to help rebalance the trade balance as a measure to bring the British economy out of crisis.

In January 1930, Keynes suggested the introduction of a system of protection to reduce imports as a way to rebalance the trade balance and stimulate production and employment.

In July 1930, John Maynard Keynes convinced Prime Minister MacDonald to create the 'Committee of Economists' as a separate entity from the Economic Advisory Council. This committee comprised solely of economists aimed to freely discuss and brainstorm economic policies.

In a Daily Mail article in March 1931, Keynes criticized the assumption of perfect sectoral labour mobility, stating that it was unrealistic to expect unemployed individuals to easily find new jobs without incurring costs like job search and training.

In February 1932, F.A. von Hayek continued his reflections on the Pure Theory of Money by J.M. Keynes in Economica.

In July 1933, Keynes published an article in the New Statesman and Nation promoting the idea of national self-sufficiency over the specialization of economies. He argued for maintaining a diversity of activities for nations and expressed sympathy for protectionism.

In 1934, Keynes was persuaded by Felix Frankfurter to address President Roosevelt directly, leading to correspondence and a face-to-face meeting. This interaction marked the beginning of a positive relationship between the two men.

In August 1935, Keynes wrote a letter to Roy Harrod, expressing his motivation to intensify his assault on the classical school of economics in order to be understood and provoke a response. He emphasized the importance of creating controversy to ensure his ideas are properly comprehended.

Keynes published his influential work 'General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money' in 1936, which had a significant impact on economic theory and policy. The book focused on the causes of prolonged periods of high unemployment and proposed government intervention to stimulate demand.

Keynes publishes 'The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money', proposing new economic theories on aggregate quantities of output and expenditure.

Keynes expressed his thoughts on the theory of demand and supply for output as a whole, emphasizing the importance of effective demand and the disappearance of this theory in economics. He highlighted the transition in his thinking process, including the psychological law related to income and consumption, the notion of interest as the measure of liquidity preference, and the definition of the marginal efficiency of capital.

In 1937, John Hicks introduced the 'IS-LM' representation of Keynes's theory, which played a crucial role in the development of the Neoclassical-Keynesian Synthesis. This representation became dominant in post-war macroeconomics.

In 1938, Keynes expressed frustration with the excessive interpretation of his work, emphasizing the importance of focusing on what he actually said rather than speculative theories.

On June 25, 1938, John Maynard Keynes married Rose Director. Their union marked a significant personal event in Keynes's life.

Keynes began to recover from his health issues in 1939, shifting his professional energies towards practical economics. He focused on resource allocation for war efforts, post-war negotiations, and the international financial order.

In 1940, John Maynard Keynes published a pamphlet titled How to Pay for the War, where he addressed the 'inflationary gap' caused by resource limitations during World War II. He suggested implementing 'compulsory saving' and rationing to curb price inflation, which were later adopted in 1941.

In September 1941, Keynes was proposed to fill a vacancy in the Court of Directors of the Bank of England, where he subsequently served a full term starting from April the following year.

On March 3, 1942, John Maynard Keynes provided assistance to the US Department of the Treasury during World War II. His expertise and insights contributed to economic strategies during the war.

In June 1942, Keynes was honored with a hereditary peerage in the King's Birthday Honours, becoming 'Baron Keynes, of Tilton, in the County of Sussex' and taking his seat in the House of Lords.

In 1943, Keynes developed the concept of 'Bancor' as a solution for an international clearing union, aiming to stabilize post-war economic order.

In February 1944, Keynes expressed his continued advocacy for public-works expenditures as a necessary component of a full-employment policy, emphasizing the importance of stable long-term programs to prevent serious fluctuations.

In March 1944, Keynes engaged in discussions with James Meade and Marcus Fleming regarding import restrictions. He considered quotas more effective than currency depreciation in addressing external imbalances, signaling a shift towards a protectionist stance.

In December 1944, Keynes reiterated his support for public-works expenditures as essential for a full-employment policy, highlighting the crucial role of a low rate of interest in implementing this strategy.

In September 1945, John Maynard Keynes undertook a strenuous journey to America on behalf of the Attlee Labour government to negotiate a $5 billion American grant for war-torn Great Britain. However, he only managed to arrange a guarantee of an American loan of $3.75 billion with trade concessions attached.

Keynes passed away on April 21, 1946, leaving behind a legacy in economics and being survived by his father, John Neville Keynes, who was also a notable economist.

John Maynard Keynes passed away on April 22, 1946, just two months before the ratification of a loan by the British parliament that he had been advocating for.

John Maynard Keynes passes away at home, leaving behind a legacy of influential economic theories and contributions.

In 1947, Seymour E. Harris edited 'The New Economics: Keynes's Influence on theory and public policy', highlighting Keynes's impact on economic theory and public policy.

The book 'The Economics of John Maynard Keynes' was published in 1948. It provides insights into the economic theories and contributions of John Maynard Keynes.

In 1950, R.J.S. Hudson worked on compiling a bibliography of John Maynard Keynes, with the manuscript located in the Library of King’s College, Cambridge.

In 1951, Keynes's ambivalent attitude towards the role of mathematical analysis in economics was highlighted, showcasing his reservations and occasional use of mathematical analysis.

In 1956, Patinkin pointed out Keynes's misrepresentation of the passage in Mill's discussion of Say's Law, highlighting inaccuracies in Keynes's interpretation.

A book edited by Henry Hazlitt in 1960 that compiles reviews of various economists who criticized Keynesian Economics, including Viner, Knight, Hayek, and others.

A book titled 'What Keynes Means: a critical clarification of the economic theories of John Maynard Keynes' by Anatol Murad was published in 1962.

J. Viner's commentary on his 1936 review of Keynes' General Theory, published in Lekachman.

The biographical study 'The age of Keynes' was published in 1969 by R Lekachman. It provides insights into the life and times of John Maynard Keynes, exploring his impact on economics.

Record of engagements during 1914-1919, focusing on roles in the Treasury and involvement in the Versailles Treaty.

Keynes' 'Essays in Persuasion' were published in 1972.

A publication related to the General Theory and its subsequent developments, focusing on the preparation phase.

The comparison between Keynes' Treatise and General Theory highlighted the evolution of his ideas, particularly in terms of liquidity preference theory and the distinction between stocks and flows in economic analysis.

The collection of essays 'Essays on John Maynard Keynes' was published in 1975. It offers various perspectives on Keynes's economic ideas and their implications.

The book 'Keynes' was published in 1976 by D E Moggridge. It offers a comprehensive look into the life and works of John Maynard Keynes, analyzing his economic theories and their significance.

Account of activities from 1920-1922, highlighting efforts in treaty revision and post-war reconstruction.

Chronicle of events spanning 1922-1932, particularly focusing on the conclusion of reparations.

A supplement to The General Theory by John Maynard Keynes was published in 1979.

Donald Moggridge released the 2nd edition of 'Keynes' in London in 1980, focusing on the renowned economist John Maynard Keynes.

A study on the business community's reaction to the economic theories of John Maynard Keynes, covering the period from 1929 to 1964, authored by Robert M. Collins in 1981.

In 1982, Patinkin criticized deficiencies in Keynes's presentation of effective demand theory, pointing out errors in applying the marginal concept correctly.

Volume 1 of a biography by R. Skidelsky, covering the early life of John Maynard Keynes up to 1920.

The book 'John Maynard Keynes' was published in 1984. It delves into the life and works of Keynes, shedding light on his economic theories and influence.

In 1985, Donald J Markwell published 'Keynes and Australia', a work that explores the relationship between John Maynard Keynes and Australia. The book may delve into Keynesian economic principles and their impact on the Australian economy.

In 1986, Donald Moggridge delved into 'Keynes and the international monetary system 1909–46', exploring Keynes' impact on global finance.

An article exploring Keynes's approach to the method of analogy was published in 1987.

R.W. Dimand's work in 1988 focused on the development of Keynes' theory of employment and output.

R.M. O'Donnell's 1989 book delves into the philosophy, economics, and politics surrounding John Maynard Keynes.

A book titled 'John Maynard Keynes, Life, Ideas, Legacy' written by Mark Blaug was published in 1990, focusing on the life, ideas, and legacy of John Maynard Keynes.

A biography focusing on the economist John Maynard Keynes, written by Donald E. Moggridge and published in 1992.

In the 1993 film Wittgenstein directed by Derek Jarman, Keynes was played by John Quentin.

The book 'Keynes, Einstein and Scientific Revolution' by James K. Galbraith was published in 1994.

An analysis by Aaron Einbond in 1995, published in Concord Review, discussing the revolutionary aspects of Keynes's General Theory and its relation to previous economic theories.

In 1996, Brad De Long wrote a review titled 'Monetary Reform: Review of Keynes's Tract on Monetary Reform' discussing Keynes's work on monetary reform.

In 1997, W. Butos and R. Koppl published 'Varieties of Subjectivism: Keynes and Hayek on Expectations', which likely compares the perspectives of John Maynard Keynes and Friedrich Hayek on expectations in economics. The work may shed light on the differences in their economic theories.

In 1998, Maria Michela Marzano published 'Keynes e Moore: il ruolo dei Principia Ethica in 'My Early Belief'', which may discuss the influence of Principia Ethica on John Maynard Keynes' early beliefs. The work could provide insights into Keynes' philosophical and ethical foundations.

In 1999, Time magazine recognized John Maynard Keynes as one of the Most Important People of the Century, highlighting his radical economic ideas that influenced government spending policies.

The information about John Maynard Keynes was last updated in October 2003 by DJF, JOC, and EFR at the School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland.

A study by G.M. Ambrosi in 2004 highlighting the influence of Keynes and Mitrany on European Governance.

In 2005, Fiona Maclachlan published a work titled 'Keynes' General Theory of Interest: A Reconsideration' which reevaluated Keynes's general theory of interest.

A book titled 'The Immoral Moral Scientist, John Maynard Keynes' by Nina Paulovicova was published in 2007.

In December 2008, there was a sudden resurgence of Keynesian policy, marking a significant reversal of economic orthodoxy that had been dominant for several decades.

Ricardo Reis talks about Keynes, Macroeconomics, and Monetary Policy in an EconTalk podcast from April 27, 2009.

An analysis of Keynes's Treatise on Probability by Christian Robert.

Steve Fazzari discusses stimulus and Keynes in an episode of EconTalk.

Nicholas Wapshott discusses the ideas of Keynes and Hayek in an EconTalk podcast from October 17, 2011.

Pedro Schwartz presents the argument that gold is money despite the views of Keynes.

A book titled 'Diplomacy and Statecraft' authored by Stephen A. Schuler was published in 2014.

Pedro Schwartz portrays Keynes as Lucifer in his analysis.

Alberto Mingardi discusses the relationship between kings, Keynes, and capitalism in his work.

Love Letters, based on the correspondence of Keynes and Lydia Lopokova, was performed by Tobias Menzies and Helena Bonham-Carter at Charleston in 2021.