Harley-Davidson

In 1860, William Harley Sr., a railway engineer, emigrated from England to the United States along with his wife, Mary Smith.

William A. Davidson, one of the co-founders of Harley-Davidson, was born in Milwaukee, WI.

Walter Davidson, another co-founder of Harley-Davidson, was born in Milwaukee, WI.

William S. Harley, the main founder of Harley-Davidson, was born in Milwaukee, WI. He was given the middle name 'Sylvester' as he was born just after Christmas.

Arthur Davidson, the youngest Davidson brother, was born on February 11, 1881 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

In 1900, Harley-Davidson sponsored The Wrecking Crew, a racing team famous for their thrilling performances, which was a groundbreaking move at the time.

At the age of 21, William S. Harley finalizes a blueprint for an engine meant to be fitted onto a bicycle, marking a significant step in the creation of Harley-Davidson motorcycles.

William S. Harley and Arthur Davidson, after being inspired by a vaudeville show featuring Anna Held, started experimenting with single-cylinder engines adapted to bicycles, leading to the founding of Harley-Davidson in 1903.

The first prototype of the new loop-frame Harley-Davidson was assembled in the Davidson family backyard shed and competed in a Milwaukee motorcycle race at State Fair Park. Edward Hildebrand rode the prototype and placed fourth in the race.

In January 1905, Harley-Davidson placed small advertisements in the Automobile and Cycle Trade Journal offering bare engines for sale to the do-it-yourself trade.

In 1906, Harley and the Davidson brothers constructed their first factory on Chestnut Street in Milwaukee, marking a significant milestone in the company's history.

On September 17, 1907, the Harley-Davidson Motor Company was officially incorporated, marking a significant milestone in the company's history.

Walter became a motorcycle enthusiast and achieved success by winning the 1908 Federation of American Motorcyclists endurance run in the Catskill Mountains, which brought positive publicity to the motorcycle company.

In 1909, Harley-Davidson introduced the V-Twin engine, a two-cylinder engine that could reach speeds as high as 60 mph, marking a significant advancement in motorcycle technology.

By 1910, Harley-Davidson's production rose to 3,200 machines, showcasing the growing popularity and success of the company following the introduction of the V-Twin engine.

In 1911, Harley-Davidson introduced F-head engines in two sizes, 61ci and 74ci, with outputs of 1,000cc and 1,210cc respectively. These engines marked a significant advancement for the company in terms of powerplants.

Harley-Davidson starts exporting motorcycles to Japan and begins construction on a six-storey headquarters. The Parts and Accessories Dept. is established, and the company expands its dealer network to over 200 across America.

The Racing Department is established at Harley-Davidson under the leadership of Bill Harley.

In 1914, Harley-Davidson becomes one of the last motorcycle manufacturers to transition from leather drive belts to chains. This change is significant as chains are more durable and reliable compared to the slipping, stretching, and rotting issues faced with leather belts.

In 1915, Harley-Davidson motorcycles are now offered with three-speed sliding-gear transmissions, with both final and primary drive located on the same side. This advancement in transmission technology enhances the performance and versatility of the motorcycles.

The 1916 Harley-Davidson Model J was a popular choice among motorcycle enthusiasts, known for its performance and design elements that set it apart from other models.

In 1917, approximately one-third of Harley-Davidson's production is acquired by the Army, leading to the initiation of the Quartermasters School to train Army mechanics. This school later transforms into the Service School, ensuring the availability of skilled mechanics for Harley-Davidson dealers post-war.

During World War I, almost half of all Harley-Davidson motorcycles produced were sold for use by the U.S. military. Corporal Roy Holtz, after the Armistice is signed, becomes the first American soldier to enter Germany on a Harley-Davidson motorcycle.

Harley-Davidson introduces the 37-cubic-inch Sport model, featuring a horizontally-opposed, fore-and-aft V-Twin engine.

By 1920, Harley-Davidson becomes the largest motorcycle manufacturer with over 2,000 dealers in 67 countries. The factory racing team, known as 'The Wrecking Crew', gains dominance in American racing and adopts a small pig as a mascot, leading to the nickname 'hogs' for their bikes.

In 1921, Otto Walker achieved a milestone by setting a speed record on a Harley-Davidson, becoming the first motorcycle to win a race at over 100 mph.

In the 1920s, Harley-Davidson produced its first factory eight-valve racer, capable of exceeding 100mph. This marked a significant advancement in racing technology for the company.

In 1925, Harley-Davidson adopts teardrop-shaped gas tanks, replacing the previous flat-topped tanks. This design change gives the motorcycles a distinctive appearance.

Harley-Davidson introduces single-cylinder motorcycles for the first time since 1918 in 1926. Models A, AA, B, and BA are offered with side-valve and overhead-valve engine options.

In 1928, Harley-Davidson makes the first two-cam engine available on the JD series motorcycles. This innovation allows the bikes to achieve top speeds of 85 to 100 mph.

In late summer of 1929, Harley-Davidson introduced the 45-cubic-inch flathead V-Twin to compete with other models.

During the 1930s - 1950s, Harley-Davidson engaged in an all-out offensive in the motorcycle segment, introducing a wider choice of engines than ever before. This period saw the launch of engines like the Panhead and Knucklehead.

Joe Petrali starts a remarkable streak of winning five consecutive national championships in dirt track racing and four consecutive hill-climb titles, all decided in single races.

To reduce costs for competitors, the AMA introduces a new racing class called Class C, based on production equipment with limited modifications, alongside the existing Class A. This change is met with resistance from traditionalists.

Despite the Great Depression, Harley-Davidson unveiled a new lineup in 1934 featuring a flathead engine and Art Deco styling.

In 1935, Alfred Child, the company’s agent in Asia, realizes that currency exchange rates are impacting sales in Japan. He convinces the company to license production of its motorcycles in Japan, leading to the creation of Harley 'clones' sold under the name Rikuo.

In 1936, Harley-Davidson introduces the EL, a 61-cubic-inch-powered bike known as the 'Knucklehead' due to the shape of its rocker-boxes. The company also unveils an 80-cubic-inch side-valve engine.

Bill passed away at the age of 66 in 1937. His son William G. Davidson later became the President of Harley-Davidson, as did his grandson John.

In 1938, Ben Campanale emerged victorious in the Daytona 200 race riding a 45 cubic-inch WLDR motorcycle, showcasing the performance of the bike in the challenging race.

In 1941, Harley-Davidson introduced the 74-cubic-inch 'Knucklehead' as the F and FL models.

Walter passed away on February 7, 1942, while still serving as the President of Harley-Davidson.

William Harley passed away at the age of 62 due to heart failure on September 18, 1943.

Harley-Davidson received a second Army-Navy 'E' Award for Excellence in Production in 1945.

In 1946, the 45 cubic-inch, flathead, WR production racer was introduced to comply with the stricter Class C AMA rules. The racer aimed to reduce costs for competitors by utilizing a flathead design, which allowed for a displacement of 750cc in Class C.

The Panhead engine was introduced by Harley-Davidson in 1948 as a replacement for the Knucklehead engine. It came in two variants, 61ci and 74ci, and was primarily used on EL, FL, and FLH models.

In 1949, hydraulic front forks made their first appearance on the new Hydra-Glide models by Harley-Davidson. This technological advancement improved the suspension system of the motorcycles.

Arthur Davidson played a crucial role in building the first Harley-Davidson bikes, establishing the company, and solidifying the brand's iconic status in American history and popular culture.

The Ironhead engine was introduced in 1952 as the last in the series of Harley-Davidson engines to be called something-head. It featured cylinder heads made from iron instead of aluminum and powered the Sportsters motorcycles.

In 1953, Harley-Davidson introduces the KR racer in response to the British 500s dominating the dirt tracks and road courses in America. The KR, a 750cc flat-head, replaces the aging WR and WRTT production racers.

In 1955, the new KR begins a streak of winning seven consecutive Daytona 200 races. This period includes the transition from racing on the old beach course to the new Daytona International Speedway.

In 1957, Harley-Davidson introduced the first Sportster model, which became a major success for the company. This marked a new era in Harley-Davidson's lineup of motorcycles.

In 1958, hydraulic rear suspensions make their debut on the Duo-Glide model. This advancement enhances the comfort and handling of the motorcycle, marking a significant improvement in the riding experience.

In 1960, Harley-Davidson recognized the potential of smaller motorcycles and launched its first and only scooter called the Topper. Additionally, the company bought a 50% stake in the Italian motorcycle manufacturer Aermacchi, known for producing fast and stylish single-cylinder bikes up to 350cc.

In 1961, the first Aermacchi design to reach the American market was the Harley-Davidson Sprint. Short-track racers quickly recognized its excellent power and low center of gravity, establishing it as a successful model in competitions.

In 1962, Harley-Davidson acquired the Tomahawk boat company and began exploring the uses of fiberglass.

The humble Servi-Car in 1964 became the first Harley-Davidson machine to be equipped with an electric starter.

Harley Davidson ceased production of the Panhead engine in 1965. Despite this, Panhead engines are still in use today, produced by third-party manufacturers and commonly utilized in custom motorcycle builds due to their appealing engineering and design.

In 1966, Harley-Davidson updated the old Panhead motor to meet the demand for more power, introducing the Shovelhead engine with distinctive rocker boxes resembling coal shovels.

In 1968, the American Motorcycle Association (AMA) changed the rules regarding motorcycle engine displacement, allowing bikes with overhead valves to displace up to 750cc. This decision was influenced by lobbying efforts from import manufacturers who argued against the previous 250cc displacement advantage given to flathead motors.

In 1969, Harley-Davidson, sensing competition from Japanese motorcycle manufacturers like Honda, was sold to the American Machine and Foundry Company (AMF). Unfortunately, under AMF ownership, the quality of Harley-Davidson motorcycles declined significantly, leading to negative reviews and a decrease in customer satisfaction.

In 1970, the racing department of Harley-Davidson introduced the XR-750 production racer, which featured a motor based on a destroked Sportster unit. Despite facing challenges initially, the XR-750 marked a significant development in Harley-Davidson's racing history.

In 1971, Harley-Davidson created the FX 1200 Super Glide by combining the spare front end of the XL series with the frame and motor of the FL series. This innovative approach led to the birth of the first cruiser model by the company.

In 1972, the Harley-Davidson Ironhead engine was upgraded from 883cc to 1,000cc, marking a significant improvement in the powerplant.

In 1973, Harley-Davidson expanded its operations by opening a new assembly plant in York, Pennsylvania. This strategic move aimed to enhance production capacity and streamline manufacturing processes.

In 1974, Harley-Davidson replaced their American-made lightweight two-stroke motorcycles with the Italian Aermacchi-built two-stroke powered models, including the M-65, M-65S, and Rapido. This marked a shift in the company's motorcycle production.

In 1977, Harley-Davidson introduced the 1977 XLCR, a Cafe Racer model designed by Willie G. Davidson, which despite being highly sought-after by collectors today, was rejected by customers at the time. Additionally, the FXS Low Rider was also introduced in the same year.

In 1979, Harley-Davidson introduced the FXEF 'Fat Bob' motorcycle, known for its dual gas tanks and bobbed fenders.

In 1980, Harley-Davidson introduced the FLT model with a rubber-isolated drivetrain and a hard-bolted engine and five-speed transmission. Additionally, belts replaced chains as the final drive on some models. The FXB Sturgis and FXWB Wide Glide were also introduced.

After years of mismanagement by AMF, Harley-Davidson faces loss of customer loyalty and profits. Vaughn Beals leads a successful corporate turnaround by buying the division for $75 million, funding new product development, and implementing quality control.

Harley-Davidson introduces the FXR/FXRS Super Glide II, featuring a rubber-isolated, five-speed powertrain. The company also adopts a just-in-time inventory system to lower costs and improve quality.

The Harley Owners Group (HOG) was founded in 1983, bringing together Harley enthusiasts worldwide. It provided a sense of community for riders and further solidified the Harley-Davidson brand in popular culture.

The Evolution engine, also known as the Evo, was launched in 1984 as one of the most famous Harley engines. It was an evolution of the Shovelhead and powered the new Softail motorcycles.

In 1986, Harley-Davidson diversified its business by acquiring the Holiday Rambler motorhome company.

In 1987, Harley-Davidson made its Initial Public Offering and started trading on the NYSE with the ticker symbol HOG. The company also petitioned the ITC to relax the tariff on imported motorcycles, showcasing its ability to compete in the market.

In 1988, Harley-Davidson reintroduced the Springer front end on the FXSTS Springer Softail, capitalizing on customers' nostalgia for traditional styling.

By 1990, Harley-Davidson introduced the 'Fat Boy' model, becoming the sales leader in the heavyweight market once again. The false etymology of the name 'Fat Boy' was debunked, clarifying that it refers to the motorcycle's width when viewed head-on.

In 1991, Harley-Davidson became a part of the Sound Quality Working Group, collaborating with other companies to research psychological acoustics. They later conducted sound quality studies to meet EU standards while maintaining the iconic 'Harley Sound'.

By 1992, Harley-Davidson became the first company to equip all its models (except for a few racing motorcycles) with drive belts, offering riders a smoother ride, longer-lasting alternative to chains, and eliminating the need for chain maintenance.

Starting with the 90th anniversary in 1993, Harley-Davidson has held celebratory rides to Milwaukee known as the 'Ride Home', which has become a tradition every five years.

On February 1, 1994, Harley-Davidson submitted a trademark application for the distinct exhaust sound of their V-twin engine motorcycles. Despite facing opposition from competitors, the company aimed to protect the unique sound of their bikes.

The Harley-Davidson Motorcycle Factory Building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 9, 1994.

In 1995, Harley-Davidson equipped their motorcycles with fuel injection for the first time. This technological advancement marked a significant shift in the performance and efficiency of Harley-Davidson bikes.

In 1996, the company sees a rise in the importance of sales of parts and accessories, leading to the opening of a new 250,000 sq. ft. facility in Franklin, WI.

In 1997, a new 217,000 sq.-ft. design center opens in Milwaukee. FL engine production is relocated to a newly purchased plant in Menomonee Falls. Additionally, a new 330,000 sq. ft. plant in Kansas City starts producing Sportsters.

In 1998, Harley-Davidson establishes its first foreign factory in Manaus, Brazil. The company also acquires the remaining shares of Buell.

Since 1999, Harley-Davidson's Custom Vehicle Operations (CVO) team has been customizing the company's base models with higher-displacement engines, performance upgrades, special paint jobs, and more to create premium customizations for the factory custom market.

In 2000, Harley-Davidson decided to drop its U.S. Patent Office application for trademarking the iconic 'potato-potato' sound of its motors. Despite previous efforts and legal fees in the mid-90s, the company abandoned the application, with the vice president of marketing emphasizing the unique sound's importance to Harley-Davidson owners worldwide.

An extreme endurance test was conducted on the Revolution engine at the Harley-Davidson factory in Milwaukee, simulating the German Autobahn. After multiple engine failures, one engine successfully ran nonstop for 500 hours, leading to the approval of production for the Revolution engine.

In 2002, Harley-Davidson's Road King model was selected for CVO customization, along with being chosen in 2003, 2007, and 2008 for similar treatment.

Harley-Davidson celebrated their 100th anniversary on September 1, 2003, with a grand event and concert featuring performances from various artists like Elton John, The Doobie Brothers, Kid Rock, and Tim McGraw.

In April 2004, the price of HOG shares dropped significantly from more than $60 to less than $40 due to softening demand following the unique 2003 model year, which was attributed to the practice of channel stuffing.

In 2005, Harley-Davidson implemented an 'environmental warranty' after the EPA conducted emissions tests. The company also enrolled in the One Clean-Up Program for environmental remediation efforts.

Construction began on the $75 million, 130,000 square-foot Harley-Davidson Museum in the Menomonee Valley of Milwaukee, Wisconsin on June 1, 2006. The museum opened in 2008, showcasing the company's historic motorcycles and archives.

On August 15, 2006, Harley-Davidson Inc. changed its NYSE ticker symbol from HDI to HOG, aligning with the acronym of Harley Owners Group (HOG).

On February 2, 2007, about 2,700 employees at Harley-Davidson Inc.'s largest manufacturing plant in York, Pennsylvania, went on strike due to failed negotiations on wages and health benefits. The strike disrupted production and led to layoffs.

On July 11, 2008, Harley-Davidson announced the acquisition of the MV Agusta Group, which includes the MV Agusta and Cagiva motorcycle brands, for $109 million. The deal was finalized on August 8.

The 105th anniversary celebration of Harley-Davidson was held from August 28-31, 2008, with events in various counties in Southeast Wisconsin.

On October 15, 2009, Harley-Davidson Inc. announced the discontinuation of the Buell line and ceasing production to focus on the Harley-Davidson brand.

On April 29, 2010, Harley-Davidson announced the need to cut $54 million in manufacturing costs from its Wisconsin facilities. This decision was part of a broader restructuring effort that included factory closures and layoffs.

Despite the restructuring and cost-cutting measures, Harley-Davidson announced on September 14, 2010, that it would continue its operations in Wisconsin. This decision followed a period of significant changes within the company.

In 2012, Harley-Davidson introduced the FLD Switchback model as part of the Dyna series, which was unique for using floorboards instead of footpegs like other Dyna models.

The 110th anniversary celebration of Harley-Davidson took place from August 29-31, 2013.

The Street 750 model was introduced at the 2014 Indian Auto Expo in Delhi-NCR, targeting younger riders with a lighter bike at a more affordable price.

The company's beginnings were portrayed in a 2016 miniseries called Harley and the Davidsons, featuring actors like Robert Aramayo, Bug Hall, and Michiel Huisman. The miniseries aired as a 'three-night event series' on the Discovery Channel starting on September 5, 2016.

Optional on touring and trike model year 2017+, standard on 2017 CVO models. This engine option provides enhanced cooling for Harley-Davidson motorcycles.

The 115th anniversary celebration of Harley-Davidson was held in Prague, Czech Republic from July 5-8, 2018, attracting over 100,000 visitors and 60,000 bikes.

Between February 1, 2019, and August 31, 2019, customers can avail a financing offer for used Harley-Davidson motorcycles through Eaglemark Savings Bank. The offer is subject to credit approval and specific terms and conditions.

A financing offer available for new 2019 Harley-Davidson Touring motorcycle models, subject to credit approval. The offer includes a specific APR, repayment term, and conditions for the loan.

On September 24, 2020, Harley Davidson announced the discontinuation of its sales and manufacturing operations in India due to weak demand and sales, involving restructuring costs, layoffs, and plant closure.

In December 2021, Harley-Davidson announced the spin-off of LiveWire as a special-purpose acquisition company (SPAC), with plans to go public in the first half of 2022 with an estimated value of $1.77 billion.

A promotional offer valid for a specific customer, allowing them to purchase Genuine H-D Parts & Accessories and General Merchandise at a Harley-Davidson dealership between August 15, 2022, and September 30, 2022.

The promotional offer for Genuine H-D Parts & Accessories and General Merchandise expires on September 30, 2022.

Customers must take delivery of the motorcycle by March 21, 2023, to be eligible for the financing offer on new Harley-Davidson® motorcycles. Failure to meet this deadline may result in ineligibility for the offer.

A $1,000 incentive offered for in-dealership purchase of Genuine Harley-Davidson Parts & Accessories and/or Apparel & Licensed merchandise in connection with the purchase of select Cruiser Motorcycles. Valid at participating Harley-Davidson U.S. dealerships between March 8, 2024, and May 31, 2024.

A $1,000 or $2,000 incentive is offered for the purchase of select 2022 or 2023 Harley-Davidson Grand American Touring, Adventure Touring, Trike, and Cruiser motorcycles at participating dealerships in the U.S. between April 1, 2024, and May 31, 2024.

The incentive offer for the purchase of select Harley-Davidson motorcycles is valid until May 31, 2024. Additional restrictions may apply, and the offer is subject to change without notice.