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2024-02-17 03:11:26

Boris Yeltsin

Russian politician, President of Russia (1991-1999)
Russian politician, President of Russia (1991-1999)
Boris Yeltsin, a Soviet and Russian politician, served as President of Russia from 1991 to 1999. He played a key role in the dissolution of the Soviet Union, transitioning Russia to a market economy. Yeltsin faced economic challenges, a constitutional crisis, and conflicts in the Caucasus region during his presidency. He resigned in 1999, succeeded by Vladimir Putin.
1930
Ignatii's Farm Confiscation
In 1930, Ignatii, the paternal grandfather of Boris Yeltsin, was accused of being a 'kulak' and his farm in Basmanovo was confiscated, leading to his exile and the forced relocation of his family.
1931-02-01
Boris Yeltsin's Birth
Boris Yeltsin was born on February 1, 1931. He grew up to become a prominent political figure in Russia, serving as the first President of the Russian Federation.
1934
Arrest of Yeltsin's Father
In 1934, Yeltsin's father, Nikolai, was arrested by the OGPU state security services, accused of anti-Soviet agitation, and sentenced to three years in the Dmitrov labor camp.
1937
Arrest of Yeltsin's Father
Yeltsin's father was arrested in Josef Stalin's purges for unknown reasons but was later released.
1949-09
Boris Yeltsin admitted to Ural Polytechnic Institute
In September 1949, Boris Yeltsin was admitted to the Ural Polytechnic Institute (UPI) in Sverdlovsk. He pursued a stream in industrial and civil engineering, and was also required to study Marxist-Leninist doctrine and choose a language course.
1952
Boris Yeltsin temporarily dropped out of Ural Polytechnic Institute
In 1952, Boris Yeltsin temporarily dropped out of Ural Polytechnic Institute due to tonsillitis and rheumatic fever.
1953
Boris Yeltsin traveled across the Soviet Union
During the summer 1953 break, Boris Yeltsin traveled across the Soviet Union, touring various regions by hitchhiking on freight trains.
1955-06
Boris Yeltsin completed his studies at Ural Polytechnic Institute
In June 1955, Boris Yeltsin completed his studies at Ural Polytechnic Institute.
1956
Boris Yeltsin married Naina Iosifovna Girina
In September 1956, Boris Yeltsin married Naina Iosifovna Girina, a fellow student from Ural Polytechnic Institute.
1957
Boris Yeltsin's daughter Yelena was born
In August 1957, Boris Yeltsin's daughter Yelena was born.
1960-03
Boris Yeltsin becomes a probationary member of the Communist Party
In March 1960, Boris Yeltsin became a probationary member of the governing Communist Party, which marked the beginning of his official involvement with the party.
1961-03
Boris Yeltsin becomes a full member of the Communist Party
In March 1961, Boris Yeltsin became a full member of the governing Communist Party, solidifying his position within the party.
1962-02
Boris Yeltsin promoted as chief of the construction directorate
In February 1962, Boris Yeltsin was promoted as the chief of the construction directorate, marking a significant advancement in his career.
1963-06
Boris Yeltsin becomes head engineer of the Sverdlovsk House-Building Combine
In June 1963, Boris Yeltsin was reassigned to the Sverdlovsk House-Building Combine as its head engineer, showcasing his growing influence in the construction industry.
1965-12
Boris Yeltsin becomes director of the Sverdlovsk House-Building Combine
In December 1965, Boris Yeltsin became the director of the Sverdlovsk House-Building Combine, further solidifying his leadership role in the construction sector.
1966-03
Building collapse incident involving Boris Yeltsin
In March 1966, a five-story building Boris Yeltsin was constructing collapsed, leading to the scrapping of plans to award him the Order of Lenin for his work. An official investigation found that Yeltsin was not culpable for the accident.
1968-04
Boris Yeltsin recruited into the regional party apparatus
In April 1968, Boris Yeltsin was recruited into the regional party apparatus, despite objections about his party membership status, marking a significant milestone in his political career.
1969
Becoming Full-time Party Official
Yeltsin became a full-time party official in charge of construction in the Sverdlovsk region.
1975
Boris Yeltsin becomes one of the five obkom secretaries in the Sverdlovsk Oblast
In 1975, Boris Yeltsin was appointed as one of the five obkom secretaries in the Sverdlovsk Oblast, gaining significant responsibility for construction, forest, and pulp-and-paper industries in the region.
1976-10
Boris Yeltsin appointed as First Secretary of the Party Committee in Sverdlovsk Oblast
In October 1976, Boris Yeltsin was appointed as the First Secretary of the Party Committee in Sverdlovsk Oblast, making him one of the youngest provincial first secretaries in the RSFSR. He gained significant power within the province and initiated various construction and infrastructure projects in the city of Sverdlovsk.
1977-09
Demolition of the Ipatiev House
In September 1977, Boris Yeltsin carried out orders to demolish the Ipatiev House, the location where the Romanov royal family had been killed in 1918, over the government's fears that it was attracting growing foreign and domestic attention.
1978-10
Boris Yeltsin promoted to the rank of colonel
In October 1978, Boris Yeltsin was promoted to the rank of colonel by the Ministry of Defence.
1980
Tatyana Yumasheva's Marriage to Vilen Khairullin
Boris Yeltsin's daughter, Tatyana, married fellow student Vilen Khairullin while studying at Moscow State University in 1980. They had a son named Boris after his grandfather, but soon separated.
1981-01
Order of Lenin
In January 1981, Boris Yeltsin was awarded the Order of Lenin for his services to the Communist Party and Soviet state. This award signifies his prominent role within the Soviet political system.
1981-02
Boris Yeltsin joins the Communist Party Central Committee
In February 1981, Boris Yeltsin gave a speech to the 26th CPSU Congress and on the final day of the Congress was selected to join the Communist Party Central Committee.
1983
Yelena's Marriage to Valerii Okulov
Yelena, Boris Yeltsin's daughter, married an Aeroflot pilot, Valerii Okulov, with whom she had a second daughter, Mariya, in 1983.
1985-12-24
Named Party Chief for Moscow
Boris Yeltsin is appointed as the party chief for Moscow, where he initiates reforms to combat corruption and reduce privileges for party workers.
1987-10-21
Complains about Economic Reforms
Yeltsin expresses dissatisfaction with the slow progress of economic reforms during a closed-party Central Committee meeting.
1987-11-09
Yeltsin's Suicide Attempt
On 9 November 1987, Yeltsin apparently tried to kill himself and was rushed to the hospital bleeding profusely from self-inflicted cuts to his chest.
1987-11-11
Fired as Moscow Party Chief
Yeltsin is dismissed from his position as Moscow party chief and is hospitalized due to heart problems.
1988-02-18
Dropped from Politburo
Yeltsin is removed from the Politburo, and Gorbachev declares that Yeltsin would never be permitted to return to politics.
1988-02-24
Yeltsin's Removal from the Politburo
At the next meeting of the Central Committee on 24 February 1988, Yeltsin was removed from his position as a Candidate member of the Politburo.
1989-03-26
Wins Election to Soviet Parliament
Yeltsin achieves a remarkable comeback by securing a landslide victory with 89.6 percent of the vote in Moscow's election to the Soviet parliament.
1989-07-19
Formation of Inter-Regional Group of Deputies
On 19 July 1989, Yeltsin announced the formation of the radical pro-reform faction in the Congress of People's Deputies, the Inter-Regional Group of Deputies.
1989-09-16
Yeltsin's Grocery Store Tour in Texas
On 16 September 1989, Yeltsin toured a medium-sized grocery store in Texas and expressed his pain for the country's lower standard of living compared to the Americans.
1990-03-04
Yeltsin elected to the Congress of People's Deputies of Russia
On 4 March 1990, Boris Yeltsin was elected to the Congress of People's Deputies of Russia, representing Sverdlovsk with 72% of the vote.
1990-05-29
Elected Chairman of Russian Parliament
Yeltsin assumes the role of chairman of the Russian parliament, effectively becoming the president of Russia.
1990-07-12
Yeltsin's resignation from the CPSU
On 12 July 1990, Boris Yeltsin resigned from the CPSU in a dramatic speech before party members at the 28th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
1991-01-01
Boris Yeltsin becomes President of Russia
Boris Yeltsin served as the President of Russia from 1991 to 1999.
1991-06-12
Wins Russia's First Popular Presidential Election
Yeltsin emerges victorious in Russia's inaugural popular presidential election.
1991-06-16
Yeltsin Becomes Russia's First Directly Elected President
On June 16, 1991, Boris Yeltsin became Russia's first directly elected president, defeating communist and nationalist rivals.
1991-07-10
Boris Yeltsin's Inauguration as President of the Russian Federation
Boris Yeltsin was inaugurated as the first President of the Russian Federation after being elected in the presidential election held on 12 June 1991. He took the oath of allegiance to the people of Russia and the Russian Constitution and assumed the position of President.
1991-07-20
Decree No. 14 on Termination of Activity of Organizational Structures
On 20 July 1991, Boris Yeltsin signed a decree No. 14 'On the termination of activity of organizational structures of political parties and mass social movements in state bodies, institutions and organizations of the Russian Federation', which marked the end of partization and dedeologization.
1991-08-18
Defies Coup Attempt
Yeltsin boldly opposes a coup endeavor by hard-liners, standing up for democracy and rallying tens of thousands of supporters in front of the Russian parliament building, ultimately thwarting the coup and solidifying his position as the country's most influential and admired politician.
1991-08-19
Boris Yeltsin Resists Coup Attempt
Boris Yeltsin stood on a tank outside the Russian White House to resist the coup attempt by communist hardliners on August 19, 1991.
1991-08-23
Decree Suspending the Activities of the RSFSR
On 23 August, Yeltsin signed a decree suspending the activities of the RSFSR, following the resistance to the State Emergency Committee's actions.
1991-11-06
Termination of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
On 6 November, Yeltsin signed a decree on the termination of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, marking a significant shift in the political landscape.
1991-12-08
Formation of Commonwealth of Independent States
Yeltsin meets with the leaders of Belarus and Ukraine behind Gorbachev's back, leading to the declaration of the Soviet Union's extinction and the formation of a new Commonwealth of Independent States.
1991-12-25
Collapse of the Soviet Union
On December 25, 1991, the Soviet Union collapsed after Gorbachev’s resignation as Soviet president. The Russian government under Yeltsin’s leadership then assumed many of the former superpower’s responsibilities for defense, foreign affairs, and finance.
1992-01-01
Yeltsin signs accords with U.S. President George H. W. Bush
On January 1, 1992, Yeltsin signed accords with U.S. President George H. W. Bush, declaring the Cold War officially over after nearly 47 years.
1992-01-02
Yeltsin orders liberalisation of foreign trade, prices, and currency
Yeltsin, acting as his own prime minister, ordered the liberalisation of foreign trade, prices, and currency, as part of the radical economic reform programme after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
1992-01-09
Medal of 13 January
Boris Yeltsin was awarded the Medal of 13 January on January 9, 1992.
1993-01-03
Signing of START II Treaty
Yeltsin signs the START II treaty with then-President George H.W. Bush, pledging a significant reduction in U.S. and Russian nuclear arms.
1993-03-20
Boris Yeltsin's Decree on Special Operation Mode
After the eighth Congress of People's Deputies, Boris Yeltsin delivered a televised address announcing the signing of a decree on the introduction of 'special operation mode', leading to a confrontation with the Supreme Council and the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation.
1993-03-28
Impeachment Attempt on Boris Yeltsin
The Congress of People's Deputies attempted to remove Boris Yeltsin from his office as president, but the impeachment only received 617 out of 1033 votes, falling short of the necessary 689 majority votes.
1993-04-25
Nationwide Referendum Victory
Yeltsin wins a nationwide referendum on his rule and reforms, consolidating his position.
1993-05-18
Launch of the Constitutional Council
The presidential draft constitution was published in the newspaper 'Izvestia', and the launch of the Constitutional Council was announced, marking the beginning of efforts on the development and adoption of the new Constitution.
1993-06-05
Constitutional Assembly's First Meeting
The Constitutional Assembly gathered for the first meeting in Moscow, signifying a significant step in the process of developing and adopting the new Constitution under Boris Yeltsin's leadership.
1993-09-01
Suspension of Vice-President Alexander Rutskoi
Boris Yeltsin suspended Vice-President Alexander Rutskoi from office on suspicion of corruption, reflecting the political dynamics and power struggles during that period.
1993-09-15
Yeltsin's Letter to Bill Clinton
Yeltsin's letter to Bill Clinton dated 15 September 1993 expressed his strong favor for 'a pan-European security system' instead of NATO and warned about the perception of neo-isolation of Russia.
1993-09-21
Unconstitutional Dissolution of the Congress of People’s Deputies
On September 21, 1993, President Yeltsin unconstitutionally dissolved the Congress of People’s Deputies and called for new parliamentary elections, leading to a significant political crisis in Russia.
1993-10-03
State of Emergency in Moscow
Yeltsin declares a state of emergency in Moscow after hard-line parliament supporters seize government buildings, leading to a violent confrontation.
1993-10-04
Assault on Parliament Building
Yeltsin orders troops to surround the parliament building and launches a full-scale tank and artillery assault after the seizure of government buildings.
1993-12-12
Approval of New Constitution
Reformers fail to win a majority in parliamentary elections, but a new constitution is approved, granting Yeltsin sweeping powers and ensuring private property, free enterprise, and individual rights.
1994-12-11
Military Intervention in Chechnya
Yeltsin sends troops into Chechnya, a republic that declared independence in 1991, leading to a prolonged conflict.
1995-05-11
Meeting with President Yeltsin and Foreign Minister Primakov
Warren Minor Christopher met with President Yeltsin and Foreign Minister Primakov and attended a meeting of Contact Group Foreign Ministers in Moscow.
1995-07-11
Hospitalization for Heart Trouble
Yeltsin is hospitalized for nearly a month due to heart trouble, impacting his political activities.
1995-10-26
Hospitalization and Political Setback
Yeltsin is hospitalized for almost a month with heart problems, shortly after returning from a U.S. summit, leading to a political setback when the Communists win parliamentary elections.
1995-12-17
Communist Victory in Parliamentary Elections
The Communists win parliamentary elections, holding a majority along with other hard-liners, posing a political challenge to Yeltsin's reforms.
1996-02-15
Announcement of Second Presidential Term
Yeltsin announces his intention to seek a second term as president, initiating an energetic campaign against the Communist Party leader.
1996-07-03
Yeltsin's Re-election
Yeltsin won the run-off election with 53.8% of the vote, securing his second term as the President of Russia. The election campaign was marked by strong support from financial and media oligarchs, as well as international backing from the American president and several European governments.
1996-11-05
Undergoes multiple-bypass heart surgery
On November 5, 1996, the subject undergoes multiple-bypass heart surgery, a significant medical procedure that affects his governance as he temporarily transfers power to the Prime Minister.
1997-01-08
Hospitalized with double pneumonia
In January 1997, the subject is hospitalized with double pneumonia shortly after returning to work, leading to an extended absence from office.
1998-03-23
Fires entire government and chooses Sergei Kiriyenko as prime minister
On March 23, 1998, the subject dismisses his entire government and appoints Sergei Kiriyenko as prime minister, a significant political decision that impacts the country's leadership.
1998-08-17
Dismisses entire Russian government amid economic crisis
On August 17, 1998, the subject dismisses the entire Russian government amid an economic crisis, demonstrating his authority and influence in responding to national challenges.
1998-11-22
Is hospitalized with pneumonia and a fever
On November 22, 1998, the subject is hospitalized with pneumonia and a fever, indicating ongoing health struggles that impact his leadership.
1999-01-17
Is hospitalized for bleeding ulcer
In January 17, 1999, the subject is hospitalized for a bleeding ulcer, further highlighting his health challenges during his presidency.
1999-04-23
Death of Boris Yeltsin
Boris Yeltsin, the first President of the Russian Federation, passed away on April 23, 1999. His leadership was marked by significant political and economic changes in Russia, including the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
1999-05-12
Fires Primakov's government and appoints Sergei Stepashin as prime minister
On May 12, 1999, the subject dismisses Primakov's government and appoints Sergei Stepashin as prime minister, a significant political decision that reshapes the country's leadership.
1999-05-15
Yeltsin Survives Impeachment Attempt
On 15 May 1999, Boris Yeltsin survived an attempt of impeachment by the democratic and communist opposition in the State Duma. The charges against him included unconstitutional activities such as the signing of the Belovezha Accords dissolving the Soviet Union in December 1991, the coup-d'état in October 1993, and initiating the war in Chechnya in 1994. However, none of these charges received the required two-thirds majority of the Duma to initiate the impeachment process.
1999-06-20
Attends the last day of the Group of Eight summit
On June 20, 1999, the subject attends the last day of the Group of Eight summit, marking his first trip abroad since a previous abbreviated trip, showcasing his international engagement.
1999-08-09
Appointment of Vladimir Putin
Yeltsin fired his Prime Minister and appointed Vladimir Putin, expressing his wish to see Putin as his successor. This pivotal decision marked the beginning of Putin's political ascent and had far-reaching consequences for Russia's future.
1999-12-31
Resigns before his term expires
On December 31, 1999, the subject stuns Russia and the world by resigning before his term expires and naming Vladimir Putin as acting president, a historic and impactful decision.
2000-01-22
Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 1st class
Boris Yeltsin was awarded the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 1st class for his significant personal contribution to the development of Ukrainian-Russian cooperation.
2001-06-12
Order 'For Merit to the Fatherland', 1st class
Boris Yeltsin was awarded the Order 'For Merit to the Fatherland', 1st class in June 2001, in recognition of his outstanding contribution to the establishment and development of the Russian state. This honor reflects his significance in Russian history.
2001-10-18
Order 'For Personal Courage'
Boris Yeltsin was awarded the Order 'For Personal Courage' on October 18, 2001.
2002-06-12
Expresses no regrets about the breakup of the Soviet Union
On June 12, 2002, the subject expresses no regrets about his role in the breakup of the Soviet Union, emphasizing the necessity of the event to maintain Russia's integrity.
2004-09-13
Yeltsin's Criticism of Putin's Political Plan
In September 2004, Yeltsin, together with Mikhail Gorbachev, publicly criticized Putin's plan to replace the election of regional governors, viewing it as a step away from democracy in Russia and a return to the centrally-run political apparatus of the Soviet era.
2005-09
Undergoes successful hip surgery
In September 2005, the subject undergoes successful hip surgery after a fall while vacationing in Italy, highlighting his ongoing health challenges even after his presidency.
2006
Order of Saint Blessed Grand Prince Dmitry Donskoy, 1st class
Boris Yeltsin was awarded the Order of Saint Blessed Grand Prince Dmitry Donskoy, 1st class by the Russian Orthodox Church in 2006.
2007-04-23
Death of Boris Yeltsin
Boris Yeltsin dies of heart failure, marking the end of his life and career. His death has a significant impact on Russian history and politics.
2008-04
Dedication of Memorial to Yeltsin in Moscow
A new memorial to Boris Yeltsin was dedicated in Moscow's Novodevichy cemetery in April 2008. The dedication received mixed reactions, reflecting the complex and controversial legacy of Yeltsin in Russia.
2010
Honorary Citizen of Sverdlovsk Oblast
Boris Yeltsin was posthumously awarded the title of Honorary Citizen of Sverdlovsk Oblast in 2010.
2011-06-10
Grand Cross of the Order of the Cross of Vytis
Boris Yeltsin was posthumously awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of the Cross of Vytis on June 10, 2011.
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Boris Yeltsin

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Boris Yeltsin

Russian politician, President of Russia (1991-1999)
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