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International Space Station

Habitable artificial satellite in low Earth orbit

The International Space Station (ISS) is a collaborative project by five space agencies. It is the largest space station ever built, conducting microgravity experiments. Divided into Russian and US segments, it features the Integrated Truss Structure and pressurized modules for various functions. The ISS orbits Earth at 400 km altitude, completing 15.5 orbits daily. It originated from plans by the US and Soviet Union, with the first module launched in 1998. Continuously occupied for over 23 years, the ISS has hosted 279 individuals from 22 countries and is planned to be de-orbited in January 2031.

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Timeline

1994-02
First Shuttle Mission to Rendezvous with Mir
In February 1994, Russia and NASA merged their space station development efforts, leading to the first shuttle mission to rendezvous with the Russian space station Mir. This collaboration marked a significant milestone in international space cooperation.
1998-01-29
Signing of Updated IGA on Space Station Cooperation
Representatives from the United States, Russia, Japan, Canada, and ESA countries met at the US State Department in Washington, DC, to sign an updated agreement for cooperation on the International Space Station. The modifications were necessary to include Russia in the partnership and establish a cooperative framework for the ISS.
1998-11-20
International Space Station
The International Space Station (ISS) is a habitable artificial satellite that was launched on November 20, 1998, and has since been a crucial platform for scientific research in space.
1998-11-20
International Space Station
The International Space Station (ISS) is a habitable artificial satellite where astronauts from different countries live and work together in space.
2000-09-18
ISS with Zvezda Service Module and Progress Cargo Ship
On September 18, 2000, the International Space Station, with the recently arrived Zvezda service module and Progress cargo ship, was captured at the end of the STS-106 mission.
2000-10-31
Expedition 1 Crew Launch
Expedition 1 Commander William M. “Shep” Shepherd, Flight Engineer Yuri P. Gidzenko, and Flight Engineer Sergei K. Krikalev launched from Baikonur aboard a Soyuz spacecraft to dock with the ISS two days later, becoming the first crew to occupy the orbital facility.
2000-11-02
20 Years of Human Presence on ISS
NASA and its 14 international partners celebrate 20 years of continuous human presence aboard the International Space Station on November 2. This milestone highlights the collaborative effort in space exploration and research that has been ongoing for two decades.
2000-12-02
Shuttle Endeavour's Approach to ISS
On December 2, 2000, Shuttle Endeavour approached the International Space Station (ISS). A photo was taken during this mission.
2001-03-10
Longest spacewalk in history by Expedition 2 astronauts
On March 10, 2001, Expedition 2 astronauts James S. Voss and Susan J. Helms conducted a spacewalk during STS-102, lasting eight hours and 56 minutes, setting a record for the longest EVA in history.
2001-03-21
1st and 2nd Resident Crew Exchange and Leonardo Cargo Module Return
On March 21, 2001, the 1st and 2nd resident crew exchanged positions on the International Space Station, and the Leonardo cargo module was returned.
2002-06-25
Atlantis STS-110
Atlantis STS-110 mission took place on April 8, 2002, involving the landing of astronauts Carl Walz, Frank Culbertson, Vladimir Dezhurov, and Mikhail Tyurin.
2008-11-14
NASA's Water Recovery and Management System launched to ISS
On November 14, 2008, NASA's Water Recovery and Management System was launched aboard the shuttle Endeavour on STS-126 for installation in the ISS's U.S. Tranquility module. The system aimed to recycle and purify wastewater, including astronaut urine and sweat, as a technology demonstration, reducing resupply needs and paving the way for future human deep space exploration.
2009-03-25
Space Shuttle Discovery crew photographs almost completed ISS at the end of STS-119 mission
On March 25, 2009, the Space Shuttle Discovery crew took a picture of the nearly finished International Space Station as they were departing after completing the STS-119 mission.
2010-04-20
Discovery STS-131
On April 20, 2010, the Discovery STS-131 mission delivered the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo to the International Space Station, carrying equipment such as the Ammonia Tank Assembly.
2010-06-02
Expedition 22/23 Delivery
On June 2, 2010, the Expedition 22/23 crew, including Oleg Kotov, Soichi Noguchi, and Timothy Creamer, was delivered to the International Space Station.
2010-08-11
ISS Cooling System Pump Module Replacement EVA
On August 11, 2010, a successful EVA was carried out to remove the failed pump module from the ISS cooling system.
2011-02-26
Four governmental partners docked at ISS simultaneously
From February 26 to March 7, 2011, four governmental partners - United States, ESA, Japan, and Russia - had their spacecraft docked at the ISS simultaneously, a unique event that has not occurred since.
2011-05-16
Expansion of ISS Crew to Six Members
The International Space Station (ISS) saw its long-duration crew increase from three to six astronauts and cosmonauts for the first time with the docking of Russia’s Soyuz TMA-15. The crew of Expedition 20 included astronauts and cosmonauts from various countries.
2011-05-23
Photograph of ISS and Space Shuttle Endeavour
On May 23, 2011, European Space Agency astronaut Paolo Nespoli captured a photograph of the International Space Station (ISS) and the docked space shuttle Endeavour from the Soyuz TMA-20 spacecraft.
2011-07-08
Atlantis STS-135
The Atlantis STS-135 mission took place from July 8 to July 21, 2011, as part of ULF-7, delivering supplies and equipment to the International Space Station.
2012-05-15
Soyuz TMA-04M
Soyuz TMA-04M was a spacecraft that delivered Expedition 31/32 crew members Gennady Padalka, Joe Acaba, and Sergei Revin to the International Space Station.
2012-09-05
MBSU-1 Replacement EVA
On September 5, 2012, astronauts successfully replaced MBSU-1 on the ISS during a six-hour EVA, restoring the station to 100% power capacity.
2012-09-14
HTV-3 Docking
On September 14, 2012, the HTV-3 successfully docked with the International Space Station, delivering essential supplies and equipment.
2012-09-17
Soyuz TMA-04M
Soyuz TMA-04M was a spacecraft that delivered Expedition 31/32 crew members Gennady Padalka, Joe Acaba, and Sergei Revin to the International Space Station.
2013-03-29
Soyuz TMA-08M Expedition 35/36 Delivery
Soyuz TMA-08M launched on March 29, 2013, carrying astronauts for Expedition 35/36 to the International Space Station.
2013-09-26
Soyuz TMA-10M Launch
Soyuz TMA-10M was launched on September 26, 2013, as part of Expedition 37/38 delivery mission to the International Space Station, carrying astronaut Oleg Kotov.
2013-11-02
ATV-4 Arrival at ISS
On November 2, 2013, the ATV-4 arrived at the International Space Station to deliver cargo.
2014-05-14
Expedition 38/39 Arrival
On May 14, 2014, Expedition 38/39, consisting of astronauts Michael Hopkins, Richard Mastracchio, and cosmonaut Mikhail Tyurin, along with Koichi Wakata from JAXA, arrived at the International Space Station aboard Soyuz TMA-11M.
2014-09-26
Soyuz TMA-14M Launch
Soyuz TMA-14M was launched on September 26, 2014, as part of Expedition 41/42 delivery to the International Space Station.
2015-09-02
Soyuz TMA-18M Launch
On September 2, 2015, the Soyuz TMA-18M spacecraft was launched to transport crew members to the International Space Station.
2016-06-18
Yuri Malenchenko, Timothy Kopra, and Timothy Peake Mission
Yuri Malenchenko, Timothy Kopra, and Timothy Peake, representing different space agencies, embarked on a significant mission on June 18, 2016.
2016-08-19
Scott Kelly and Mikhail Kornienko Return from ISS
NASA astronaut Scott Kelly and cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko return to Earth from the International Space Station after a record-breaking 340-day mission, focusing on studying the effects of long-duration spaceflight on the human body.
2019-07-20
Soyuz MS-13
Soyuz MS-13 was a manned mission to the International Space Station.
2019-08-21
Second Installation of International Docking Adapter (IDA) on ISS
NASA astronauts Nick Hague and Andrew Morgan install a second International Docking Adapter (IDA) atop Harmony module on the ISS. The IDA design allows for multinational spacecraft to dock at the ISS, promoting future joint operations.
2020-04-07
CRS-20
CRS-20 was a cargo supply mission that delivered the Bartolomeo facility to the Columbus module on the International Space Station.
2020-04-17
Soyuz MS-15 Expedition
The Soyuz MS-15 mission, part of Expedition 61/62, launched on September 25, 2019, and returned on April 17, 2020, with crew members Oleg Skripochka and Jessica Meir.
2021-07-26
Undocking and Deorbiting of Pirs Module
Pirs module, launched in 2001, was undocked by Progress MS-16 on 26 July 2021 and deorbited on the same day to make room for the Nauka module to be attached to the ISS. Pirs served as the primary Russian airlock on the station and stored Russian Orlan spacesuits.
2021-10-31
Crew-3 Mission Launch
On October 31, 2021, a four-person crew launched aboard the Crew Dragon atop the Falcon 9 rocket from Pad 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center for the third crew rotation flight to the International Space Station under NASA's Commercial Crew Program.
2022-04-25
Axiom-1 Crew Arrival
The Axiom-1 visiting crew, including Michael López-Alegria, Larry Connor, Eytan Stibbe, and Mark Patty, arrived at the International Space Station on April 25, 2022.
2022-07-26
Yury Borisov Submits Plans for Russian Withdrawal from ISS
Yury Borisov, the successor of Dmitry Rogozin as head of Roscosmos, submitted plans to Russian President Putin for Russia's withdrawal from the International Space Station program after 2024.
2024-01-18
Ax3 Axiom-3 Visiting Crew Mission
On January 18, 2024, the Ax3 mission, also known as Axiom-3, will involve a visiting crew to the space station. The crew members include Michael Lopez-Alegria, Walter Villadei, Alper Gezaravci, and Marcus Wandt.
End of the Timeline
International Space Station

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