Andrew Jackson

Andrew Jackson was born on March 15, 1767. He later became the seventh president of the United States.

Andrew Jackson, the 7th President of the United States, was born on this day. He was a controversial figure known for his role in the Battle of New Orleans and the Indian Removal Act.

In 1781, Andrew Jackson faced significant loss as both of his brothers passed away. His brother Robert died of smallpox shortly after being released from captivity, and their mother also succumbed to cholera after volunteering to nurse prisoners of war held by the British. This left Andrew orphaned at the age of 14.

In 1791, Andrew Jackson marries Mrs. Rachel Donelson Robards, only to discover that her first husband had not completed divorce proceedings. They remarry in 1794 after resolving the issue.

In 1796, Andrew Jackson plays a key role in securing Tennessee’s statehood and serves as its first member of the U.S. House. He is later appointed to the U.S. Senate by the Tennessee Assembly, but resigns to attend to matters at home.

In 1804, Andrew Jackson bought The Hermitage plantation in Tennessee, where he already owned nine enslaved people. Over time, the plantation grew to have more than 150 enslaved individuals.

On November 7, 1814, Andrew Jackson led his army into Florida and occupied Pensacola just as the British evacuated it to go by sea to Louisiana. This move was part of his strategy to prepare the way for U.S. occupation of Florida.

The Battle of New Orleans took place on January 8, 1815, where Andrew Jackson's forces inflicted a decisive defeat upon the British army, leading to a significant victory for the United States during the War of 1812.

In December 1817, Andrew Jackson ordered an invasion of Florida, capturing two Spanish posts and appointing a military governor, which led to a sharp protest from Spain and hastened the U.S. acquisition of Florida.

In October 1823, Andrew Jackson was elected to the U.S. Senate, further solidifying his political career and influence.

Despite winning the popular vote in 1824, Andrew Jackson lost the election in the House of Representatives as supporters of Henry Clay voted for John Quincy Adams.

Andrew Jackson faces accusations of involvement in slave trading by Boyd McNairy in the National Banner and Nashville Whig in July 1828.

In 1828, Jackson was elected as the President through the selection of electors increasingly made by popular vote in the states.

Rachel Donelson Jackson falls ill and passes away due to heart failure on December 22, 1828, as the Jacksons are getting ready to relocate to Washington. Her husband, Andrew Jackson, attributes her death to the harsh political campaign and criticisms aimed at her. She is laid to rest with formalities in the Hermitage garden on December 24.

Andrew Jackson is inaugurated as President of the U.S. in an outdoor ceremony open to public view on March 4, 1829. A riotous party commences as citizens celebrate in democratic fashion at the White House.

President Jackson delivers his first annual message to Congress, expressing skepticism about the constitutionality of the Second Bank of the U.S.

Tensions arose between President Jackson and Calhoun when Calhoun suggested that South Carolina should annul the cotton tariff on April 13, 1830.

President Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act, which authorized funds for the negotiation of removal treaties with Indian tribes residing east of the Mississippi River.

The Supreme Court's ruling in Cherokee Nation v. Georgia declared that the Cherokees were not considered a 'foreign nation' but rather 'domestic dependent nations,' impacting their legal standing under Article III of the Constitution to bring claims against Georgia.

On February 15, 1832, a Special Message was issued recommending Congress to appoint commissioners with authority to oversee the “speedy migration” of Indians “within the settled portion of the United States” to “the country beyond the Mississippi.”

The Supreme Court ruled that Georgia did not have the authority to regulate relationships with the Cherokee Nation due to a treaty between the Cherokee and the US, rendering Georgia law ineffective. President Jackson, a proponent of states' rights, reportedly refused to enforce the Court's ruling.

President Jackson vetoes the Bank bill and crafts the Bank Veto Message with the aid of Amos Kendall, Roger Taney, and other Jackson allies.

President Jackson vetoed the bill reauthorizing the Second Bank of the United States, asserting his belief that questions of constitutionality may be appropriately judged by presidents, not simply by the Supreme Court. The veto message was unusually long and important for many reasons, including the firm assertion that the President may veto legislation based on policy differences alone.

President Jackson won reelection with the support of white male suffrage generally held throughout the US without any property requirements.

President Jackson releases a statement condemning South Carolina's nullification of the Tariff of 1832, asserting the supremacy of federal law over state laws.

Effective February 1, 1833, South Carolina declared that the federal government would no longer be able to collect tariff revenues within its borders, leading to a constitutional crisis and confrontation with President Jackson.

President Jackson's second inaugural takes place on March 4, 1833.

President Andrew Jackson ordered the removal of federal deposits from the Bank of the United States, which led to the creation of a famous cartoon titled 'King Andrew the First.'

President Andrew Jackson's message regarding the removal of public deposits from the Bank of the United States was read to the Cabinet, emphasizing the importance and consequences of the decision.

Andrew Jackson replaced secretary of the treasury William J. Duane, who opposed the removal of the federal bank funds, with Roger B. Taney on September 23, 1833.

Duane was removed as Treasury Secretary on December 4, 1833, after refusing to transfer Bank of the United States funds. He was replaced by Roger B. Taney through a recess appointment, following Jackson's instructions.

President Jackson refused to comply with the Senate's request for a document regarding the removal of Treasury funds from the Bank of the United States, citing his own self-respect and the rights secured by the constitution to the Executive branch of the Government.

The Senate passed a Resolution of Censure against President Jackson, stating that he had assumed authority and power not conferred by the constitution and laws in relation to the public revenue, marking a significant moment of opposition to Jackson's actions.

Richard Lawrence attempts to assassinate President Jackson, but fails as his pistols misfire.

Richard Lawrence attempts to assassinate Andrew Jackson outside the U.S. Capitol building, but his pistols misfire. The elderly president fends him off with his cane.

President Jackson nominates Roger B. Taney as the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

The Second Seminole War begins in Florida with an attack led by Osceola on troops commanded by Major Francis Dade, also known as the 'Dade Massacre'. This war became the longest and most costly conflict between Native Americans and the United States.

The Specie Circular was issued by the Treasury Department at the direction of President Jackson, requiring payments for public lands in specie (gold or silver). This policy was later seen as a cause of the 1837 economic downturn.

On November 8, 1836, Martin Van Buren was elected as the President of the United States on Election Day, during Andrew Jackson's presidency.

Andrew Jackson's presidency, marked by his efforts to represent the common man, comes to an end after serving two terms as the 7th President of the United States.

On June 8, 1845, Andrew Jackson passed away at The Hermitage, surrounded by his family and slaves. He was laid to rest in the garden under the tomb he had built for his wife Rachel.