Andrew Jackson

Andrew Jackson was born on March 15, 1767. He later became the seventh president of the United States.

Andrew Jackson, the 7th President of the United States, was born on this day. He was a controversial figure known for his role in the Battle of New Orleans and the Indian Removal Act.

At the age of 13, Andrew Jackson enlisted and served as a courier in the Revolutionary War. During this time, his oldest brother Hugh died of heat exhaustion at the Battle of Stono Ferry. Additionally, Jackson and his brother Robert were captured by the British and faced severe hardships as prisoners.

In 1781, Andrew Jackson faced significant loss as both of his brothers passed away. His brother Robert died of smallpox shortly after being released from captivity, and their mother also succumbed to cholera after volunteering to nurse prisoners of war held by the British. This left Andrew orphaned at the age of 14.

In 1787, Andrew Jackson begins a three-year apprenticeship with a lawyer and is admitted to the North Carolina bar at the age of 20. He is known for his charismatic and ambitious nature, as well as his love for dancing, entertaining, gambling, and socializing in taverns.

In 1791, Andrew Jackson marries Mrs. Rachel Donelson Robards, only to discover that her first husband had not completed divorce proceedings. They remarry in 1794 after resolving the issue.

In 1794, Andrew Jackson married Rachel Donelson Robards. Their marriage faced controversy due to Rachel's previous marriage not being legally dissolved.

In 1796, Andrew Jackson plays a key role in securing Tennessee’s statehood and serves as its first member of the U.S. House. He is later appointed to the U.S. Senate by the Tennessee Assembly, but resigns to attend to matters at home.

In 1802, Andrew Jackson won an election to replace John Sevier as the leader of Tennessee's state militia.

In 1804, Andrew Jackson bought The Hermitage plantation in Tennessee, where he already owned nine enslaved people. Over time, the plantation grew to have more than 150 enslaved individuals.

Aaron Burr, the former vice president, stayed at The Hermitage for several days and spoke with Andrew Jackson about his plans for an 'adventure' in the Western states.

In 1806, Andrew Jackson survived a shot to the chest during a duel with Charles Dickinson over a horse-racing bet and an insult to Jackson's wife. Despite being unable to remove the bullet, Jackson prevailed and killed Dickinson, causing him lifelong pain.

Andrew Jackson was on the witness list for Aaron Burr's treason trial, indicating their connection and involvement in the political events of the time.

In 1809, the Jacksons adopted Rachel's infant nephew and named him Andrew Jackson, Jr. This event marked the beginning of their raising several other children, including a Creek Indian boy named Lyncoya, who was adopted in 1813.

Andrew Jackson became involved in politics in 1811.

In March 1812, Andrew Jackson issued a call for 50,000 volunteers in anticipation of a possible war with Great Britain. His aim was to prepare for an invasion of Canada.

On November 7, 1814, Andrew Jackson led his army into Florida and occupied Pensacola just as the British evacuated it to go by sea to Louisiana. This move was part of his strategy to prepare the way for U.S. occupation of Florida.

The Battle of New Orleans took place on January 8, 1815, where Andrew Jackson's forces inflicted a decisive defeat upon the British army, leading to a significant victory for the United States during the War of 1812.

In December 1817, Andrew Jackson ordered an invasion of Florida, capturing two Spanish posts and appointing a military governor, which led to a sharp protest from Spain and hastened the U.S. acquisition of Florida.

In 1818, Andrew Jackson led military campaigns in Florida, targeting Seminole tribes and asserting American control over the region.

In May 1818, General Andrew Jackson captures the Spanish capital in Florida during his pursuit of the Seminole Indians, before returning to Tennessee.

In 1821, Andrew Jackson was commissioned as the Governor of the Florida Territory. However, not liking the climate and being fed up with the politics, he resigned to once more become a private citizen.

In July 1822, Andrew Jackson was nominated as a candidate for the U.S. presidency by the Tennessee legislature, marking a significant step in his pursuit of the presidency.

In October 1823, Andrew Jackson was elected to the U.S. Senate, further solidifying his political career and influence.

Despite winning the popular vote in 1824, Andrew Jackson lost the election in the House of Representatives as supporters of Henry Clay voted for John Quincy Adams.

In 1825, the House of Representatives elected John Quincy Adams as the president, despite Andrew Jackson receiving more popular votes in the 1824 election. This decision was made after Jackson did not receive enough Electoral College votes to be elected, leading to a controversial outcome.

The Marquis de Lafayette, a key figure in the American Revolutionary War, visits the Hermitage, the home of Andrew Jackson, in 1825.

Vice President John C. Calhoun suggests nullifying the federally imposed protective cotton tariff, leading to Jackson threatening to deploy federal troops to occupy South Carolina. At the Jefferson Day Dinner, Jackson publicly denounces Calhoun and his theory of nullification, emphasizing the preservation of the Union.

John Binns and the National-Republicans published the now-famous 'coffin handbill' which highlighted Andrew Jackson's harshness towards militiamen who served under his command in the Creek War and the executions that took place under his military orders.

Lyncoya, a Native American child adopted by Andrew Jackson, succumbs to tuberculosis in 1828.

Andrew Jackson faces accusations of involvement in slave trading by Boyd McNairy in the National Banner and Nashville Whig in July 1828.

In 1828, Jackson was elected as the President through the selection of electors increasingly made by popular vote in the states.

Rachel Donelson Jackson falls ill and passes away due to heart failure on December 22, 1828, as the Jacksons are getting ready to relocate to Washington. Her husband, Andrew Jackson, attributes her death to the harsh political campaign and criticisms aimed at her. She is laid to rest with formalities in the Hermitage garden on December 24.

Andrew Jackson departs from Nashville to Washington on January 19, 1829.

Andrew Jackson arrives in Washington on February 11, 1829.

On March 2, 1829, a letter was sent from the President Elect to Vice-President (and President of the Senate) John C. Calhoun stating Jackson’s readiness to take the oath.

Andrew Jackson is inaugurated as President of the U.S. in an outdoor ceremony open to public view on March 4, 1829. A riotous party commences as citizens celebrate in democratic fashion at the White House.

Andrew Jackson sent a letter to the Creek Indians advising them to move beyond the Mississippi, promising them peace and plenty on the land where their white brothers would not trouble them.

President Jackson delivers his first annual message to Congress, expressing skepticism about the constitutionality of the Second Bank of the U.S.

President Jackson signed the extension of the Cumberland Road Act on March 2, 1830.

Tensions arose between President Jackson and Calhoun when Calhoun suggested that South Carolina should annul the cotton tariff on April 13, 1830.

President Jackson vetoed the Maysville Road bill on May 27, 1830, objecting that the project did not involve sufficiently general benefits.

President Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act, which authorized funds for the negotiation of removal treaties with Indian tribes residing east of the Mississippi River.

Proclamation 40 was issued on October 5, 1830, suspending discriminating duties of tonnage and import on vessels of the Grand Dukedom of Oldenburg. This aimed to facilitate trade and maritime relations between the United States and the Grand Dukedom of Oldenburg.

Proclamation 41, issued on December 6, 1830, opened states ports to British vessels from certain British possessions. This was a significant move to enhance trade and diplomatic relations between the United States and Britain.

Proclamation 42 was issued on February 10, 1831, ordering persons to remove from public lands in Arkansas. This proclamation likely had implications for land policies and settlement in the region.

Vice President Calhoun directed the publication of correspondence related to the Seminole War, which highlighted disagreements and increased the rift between Jackson and Calhoun.

The Supreme Court's ruling in Cherokee Nation v. Georgia declared that the Cherokees were not considered a 'foreign nation' but rather 'domestic dependent nations,' impacting their legal standing under Article III of the Constitution to bring claims against Georgia.

John Eaton, the Secretary of War, resigns from his position due to the tension caused by his wife's social exclusion from the wives of other cabinet members.

Martin Van Buren, the Secretary of State, resigns from his position as a result of the conflict arising from the social exclusion of Peggy Eaton, the wife of the Secretary of War.

Samuel Ingham, the Secretary of the Treasury, and John Branch, the Secretary of the Navy, resign from their positions due to the tension surrounding the social exclusion of Peggy Eaton.

President Jackson requests the resignation of Attorney General John Berrien, possibly as a result of the ongoing Petticoat Affair or Peggy Eaton Affair.

Nat Turner leads a slave rebellion in Virginia, prompting local officials to request federal military assistance. Federal troops are deployed without the President issuing a proclamation as specified in statutes of 1795 and 1807. The rebellion is eventually crushed by September 3, 1831.

The Anti-Masonic Convention takes place in Baltimore, resulting in a lengthy document suggesting what would become programmatic platforms. The 'Address to the People' called for an enlightened exercise of the right of suffrage and noted that Jackson was a mason.

President Jackson takes control over his contentious cabinet by orchestrating a personnel sweep at the White House. Cabinet secretaries John H. Eaton, Martin Van Buren, John Branch, and Samuel D. Ingham resign, leading to significant changes in the administration.

On February 15, 1832, a Special Message was issued recommending Congress to appoint commissioners with authority to oversee the “speedy migration” of Indians “within the settled portion of the United States” to “the country beyond the Mississippi.”

The Supreme Court ruled that Georgia did not have the authority to regulate relationships with the Cherokee Nation due to a treaty between the Cherokee and the US, rendering Georgia law ineffective. President Jackson, a proponent of states' rights, reportedly refused to enforce the Court's ruling.

President Jackson vetoes the Bank bill and crafts the Bank Veto Message with the aid of Amos Kendall, Roger Taney, and other Jackson allies.

President Jackson vetoed the bill reauthorizing the Second Bank of the United States, asserting his belief that questions of constitutionality may be appropriately judged by presidents, not simply by the Supreme Court. The veto message was unusually long and important for many reasons, including the firm assertion that the President may veto legislation based on policy differences alone.

President Jackson won reelection with the support of white male suffrage generally held throughout the US without any property requirements.

South Carolina issues the Ordinance of Nullification, which claims the right to nullify federal laws related to import tariffs. However, no other states support South Carolina in this action.

Presidential electors cast their ballots for the presidential election.

President Jackson exercises a pocket veto on a bill that aimed to settle the claims of states for interest on advances made to the United States during the last war, objecting to the way the legislation calculated interest due.

President Jackson releases a statement condemning South Carolina's nullification of the Tariff of 1832, asserting the supremacy of federal law over state laws.

President Jackson rejects the idea of any state nullifying a federal law, emphasizing that such a principle would undermine the Constitution. He vows to uphold the laws through constitutional methods, even if it requires the use of force.

Effective February 1, 1833, South Carolina declared that the federal government would no longer be able to collect tariff revenues within its borders, leading to a constitutional crisis and confrontation with President Jackson.

The Force Bill was passed by Congress under the pressure of President Andrew Jackson. It authorized the use of the army to enforce federal law in South Carolina. Vice President Calhoun expressed his disagreement with this bill.

The Compromise Tariff Act was signed into law, which gradually reduced tariff rates from 1833 to 1842 in response to Southern dissatisfaction with the tariffs of 1828.

President Jackson's second inaugural takes place on March 4, 1833.

South Carolina rescinded the nullification ordinance, marking a significant development in the nullification crisis.

President Jackson appointed Edmund Roberts as a special agent of the United States to negotiate commercial trade treaties with foreign governments. Roberts successfully negotiated the first treaties between the United States and several far eastern governments, including Siam (now Thailand).

The move of Treasury Secretary McLane to the position of Secretary of State after refusing to transfer Bank of the United States deposits to state banks led to the appointment of William Duane as Treasury Secretary.

President Andrew Jackson took the first presidential train ride, covering a distance of 12 miles from Ellicott’s Mills to Baltimore, MD.

President Andrew Jackson ordered the removal of federal deposits from the Bank of the United States, which led to the creation of a famous cartoon titled 'King Andrew the First.'

President Andrew Jackson's message regarding the removal of public deposits from the Bank of the United States was read to the Cabinet, emphasizing the importance and consequences of the decision.

Andrew Jackson replaced secretary of the treasury William J. Duane, who opposed the removal of the federal bank funds, with Roger B. Taney on September 23, 1833.

On December 3, 1833, Andrew Jackson delivered his fifth annual message to Congress.

Duane was removed as Treasury Secretary on December 4, 1833, after refusing to transfer Bank of the United States funds. He was replaced by Roger B. Taney through a recess appointment, following Jackson's instructions.

President Jackson refused to comply with the Senate's request for a document regarding the removal of Treasury funds from the Bank of the United States, citing his own self-respect and the rights secured by the constitution to the Executive branch of the Government.

In 1833, the President used a pocket veto to reject the 'Act to appropriate for a limited time the proceeds of the sales of the public lands of the United States and for granting lands to certain states.' Despite vetoing the act, the President issued a lengthy message explaining the reasons for the veto, criticizing the bill for subverting the compacts through which the United States acquired their Western domain.

Senator Henry Clay introduced a resolution condemning President Jackson's actions regarding the Bank of the United States, reflecting the growing tension and opposition towards Jackson's policies.

The Senate passed a Resolution of Censure against President Jackson, stating that he had assumed authority and power not conferred by the constitution and laws in relation to the public revenue, marking a significant moment of opposition to Jackson's actions.

On April 4, 1834, the grandson of Andrew Jackson, Andrew Jackson III, was born.

President Andrew Jackson sent a message to the Senate protesting the censure resolution. In response, the Senate ordered on May 7, 1834, that this message not be entered on the Journal.

On October 13, 1834, a fire caused damage to the Hermitage, the home of Andrew Jackson.

President Jackson announces the complete repayment of the national debt effective from January 1, 1835. He also provides an explanation for his pocket veto of the Wabash River internal improvements bill.

Richard Lawrence attempts to assassinate President Jackson, but fails as his pistols misfire.

The Senate appoints a committee to investigate whether Senator Poindexter of Mississippi was involved in the assassination attempt on President Jackson.

Richard Lawrence attempts to assassinate Andrew Jackson outside the U.S. Capitol building, but his pistols misfire. The elderly president fends him off with his cane.

President Jackson vetoed the Act arguing that it violated the separation of powers.

President Jackson proposes the prohibition of distribution of abolitionist literature by mail in the Southern states during his Seventh Annual State of the Union Message.

In the 7th annual message to Congress, there was a suggestion to prohibit the distribution of abolitionist literature by mail in the South.

President Jackson nominates Roger B. Taney as the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

The Second Seminole War begins in Florida with an attack led by Osceola on troops commanded by Major Francis Dade, also known as the 'Dade Massacre'. This war became the longest and most costly conflict between Native Americans and the United States.

President Jackson and Treasury Secretary Woodbury introduce the Specie Circular, which states that the government will only accept gold and silver for land payments. This is an effort to control inflation caused by excessive land speculation and reckless lending.

The Specie Circular was issued by the Treasury Department at the direction of President Jackson, requiring payments for public lands in specie (gold or silver). This policy was later seen as a cause of the 1837 economic downturn.

On November 8, 1836, Martin Van Buren was elected as the President of the United States on Election Day, during Andrew Jackson's presidency.

Niece Emily Donelson dies of tuberculosis at the age of 29 in Tennessee.

President Jackson acknowledges the independence of Texas but refrains from addressing annexation due to concerns about Mexico's threats and security issues.

President Andrew Jackson used a pocket veto to reject the 'An act designating and limiting the funds receivable for the revenues of the United States' due to its ambiguous language and susceptibility to multiple interpretations.

Andrew Jackson's presidency, marked by his efforts to represent the common man, comes to an end after serving two terms as the 7th President of the United States.

Andrew Jackson departs Washington.

On June 8, 1845, Andrew Jackson passed away at The Hermitage, surrounded by his family and slaves. He was laid to rest in the garden under the tomb he had built for his wife Rachel.

An article by Bray Hammond published in American Heritage in June 1956, focusing on Andrew Jackson's conflict with the financial elite.

A book by Robert V. Remini in 1981, detailing Andrew Jackson's presidency and its influence on American freedom from 1822 to 1832.

The Hermitage Homeschool Workshops took place on Saturday, February 10 from 7:00 pm to 9:00 pm. It provided educational resources and development opportunities for homeschool students.

The Hermitage Homeschool Workshops occurred on Friday, February 16 from 10:00 am to 12:00 pm. It offered educational resources and development activities for homeschool students.

The Andrew Jackson Foundation copyright for the year 2024.