At the end of the Second World War, European countries came together to establish CERN.

The creation of the World Wide Web, a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the internet, revolutionizing the way information is shared and accessed globally.

During the fifth UNESCO General Conference in Florence, American physicist Isidor Rabi introduced a resolution authorizing UNESCO to support the formation of regional research laboratories to enhance global scientific cooperation.

In December 1951, at an intergovernmental meeting of UNESCO in Paris, the first resolution regarding the establishment of a European Council for Nuclear Research was adopted.

The inaugural meeting of the CERN Council was held at UNESCO, chaired by Paul Scherrer of Switzerland. During this meeting, countries were called upon to propose hosting the new laboratory, and the first officials were appointed.

In October 1952, Geneva was chosen as the location for the CERN Laboratory during the third session of the provisional council. The decision was later confirmed by a successful referendum in June 1953.

The draft convention for CERN was completed and approved unanimously by representatives of eleven countries, along with the UK, after 18 months of work.

At the sixth session of the CERN Council in Paris, the convention establishing the organization was signed by 12 states, subject to ratification. The convention was gradually ratified by the 12 founding Member States, leading to the official establishment of the European Organization for Nuclear Research.

The groundbreaking ceremony for CERN took place on 17 May 1954.

The convention of CERN, established on July 1, 1954, specifies that the organization will not engage in work for military purposes and will make its experimental and theoretical findings publicly accessible.

CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, was established on September 29, 1954. It is one of the world's largest and most respected centers for scientific research, focusing on particle physics.

On June 10, 1955, Felix Bloch, the Director-General of CERN, laid the foundation stone at the Laboratory site. The event was witnessed by Max Petitpierre, the President of the Swiss Confederation.

In 1956, Günther Plass, former Director of Accelerators at CERN, joined the Magnets group at the Proton Synchrotron (PS), contributing to the development of the accelerator.

The 600 MeV Synchrocyclotron (SC) became operational, marking a significant milestone for CERN.

In 1958, Giuseppe Fidecaro and a group of physicists conducted the first experiment at CERN, leading to results that brought international recognition to the laboratory.

On 24 November 1959, the Proton Synchrotron (PS) at CERN successfully accelerated protons for the first time, reaching a beam energy of 28 GeV and becoming a key component of CERN's particle physics program.

In 1963, CERN captured the first images of neutrino interactions using a bubble chamber, a crucial development in neutrino physics. The fast ejection of protons from the Synchrotron in the same year enabled this milestone achievement.

On September 1, 1965, the first observations of antinuclei were made at the Proton Synchrotron (PS). This marked a significant milestone in the history of particle physics and experimental research at CERN.

In 1967, the Super Proton Synchrotron (SC) began supplying beams for the ISOLDE facility, which conducted research in various fields like nuclear physics, astrophysics, and medical physics.

Georges Charpak revolutionized detection in particle physics during the 1960s, bringing about a significant advancement in the field.

In 1969, Spain, which had joined CERN in 1961, decided to leave the institution. However, Spain later rejoined CERN in 1983.

On January 27, 1971, Kjell Johnsen announced that the world's first interactions from colliding protons were recorded at the Intersecting Storage Rings (ISR) at CERN. This marked a significant milestone in particle physics research.

In February 1971, the council commissioned the construction of the Super Proton Synchrotron, a massive particle accelerator at CERN.

In 1972, Bent Stumpe proposed a solution for controlling the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at CERN using a capacitive touch screen with programmable buttons, replacing the need for individual cables.

In 1973, neutral currents were discovered in the Gargamelle bubble chamber at CERN, a significant advancement in the field of particle physics.

On 31 July 1974, the Super Proton Synchrotron tunnel, with a circumference of 7 kilometers and an average depth of 40 meters below the surface, was completed. The tunnel straddled the Franco-Swiss border, making it the first cross-border accelerator.

The European Space Research Organisation (ESA) became an organization based on the CERN model in 1975.

On 3 May 1976, the Super Proton Synchrotron started operating after the completion of civil engineering and installation work in record time. This marked a significant milestone in the field of particle physics.

On June 17, 1976, the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at CERN achieved a milestone by accelerating protons to 400 GeV for the first time, as depicted in the control room photo.

In 1977, despite industry involvement, CERN faced challenges in knowledge transfer processes, hindering the wide dissemination of touch screen inventions, reflecting the need for improved technology transfer mechanisms.

In 1979, CERN decided to convert the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) into a proton–antiproton collider. This conversion was crucial for the project's success in collecting enough antiprotons to create a beam.

In April 1981, the first proton-antiproton collisions were achieved at the Intersecting Storage Rings, leading to groundbreaking discoveries in particle physics.

The Low Energy Antiproton Ring (LEAR) was commissioned in 1982. It played a significant role in assembling the first pieces of true antimatter in 1995, which consisted of nine atoms of antihydrogen. LEAR was closed in 1996 and replaced by the Antiproton Decelerator. The LEAR apparatus was later reconfigured into the Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR) ion booster.

In January 1983, the discovery of W and Z particles marked a significant breakthrough in the understanding of fundamental particles and forces.

In 1983, CERN announced the discovery of the W and Z particles. The UA1 experiment detected the first Z0 particle on April 30, 1983, by observing an electron-positron pair produced in the decay of Z0.

Carlo Rubbia and Simon van der Meer were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1984 for their experimental work on proton-antiproton collisions at CERN, leading to the discovery of the W and Z bosons in 1983.

In 1986, CERN started accelerating heavy ions in the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) to investigate the existence of quark-gluon plasma. This experiment aimed to deconfine quarks by colliding heavy ions into specific targets, simulating conditions just after the Big Bang.

On February 8, 1988, the tunnel excavation for the Large Electron-Positron Collider was finished, connecting the two ends of the 27-kilometre ring with remarkable precision.

Tim Berners-Lee, a British scientist at CERN, invented the World Wide Web in March 1989 to meet the demand for information sharing among physicists in universities and institutes worldwide.

On July 14, 1989, the Large Electron-Positron (LEP) collider at CERN achieved a significant milestone with its first injection of particles, marking the beginning of its groundbreaking experiments.

In December 1990, the world's first browser/editor, website, and server went live at CERN, marking the birth of the World Wide Web and revolutionizing information sharing.

The first website was activated in 1991 as part of the World Wide Web project at CERN. It was designed to facilitate the sharing of information between researchers.

Georges Charpak was awarded the 1992 Nobel Prize in Physics for his invention and development of particle detectors, particularly the multiwire proportional chamber, which revolutionized particle detection.

On April 30, 1993, CERN announced that the World Wide Web would be free to anyone, marking a significant milestone in the democratization of internet access.

In 1994, the CERN governing Council approved the construction of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the world's largest particle accelerator. The project had an estimated cost of 10 billion Swiss francs.

On September 15, 1995, a team at CERN led by Walter Oelert successfully created atoms of antihydrogen for the first time at the Low Energy Antiproton Ring (LEAR) facility. These antihydrogen atoms were produced in collisions between antiprotons and xenon atoms, demonstrating the creation of antimatter.

In 1996, the Large Electron-Positron Collider (LEP) was upgraded to operate at the W pair production threshold of 163 GeV. Further enhancements were planned to increase LEP's energy to 200 GeV by 1999.

On January 31, 1997, the CMS and ATLAS experiments were officially approved at CERN, marking a significant step towards the construction and operation of two major particle detectors for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).

On 7 February 1997, the Antiproton Decelerator project was approved, aiming to provide dense beams of protons at low energy levels using the Antiproton Collector.

On February 14, 1997, the ALICE experiment was approved, marking a significant milestone in the field of particle physics and research at CERN.

The European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) was established on this date. It is one of the world's largest and most respected centers for scientific research, focusing on particle physics.

In 1999, the NA48 experiment at CERN made the significant discovery of direct CP violation, a phenomenon crucial in understanding the differences between matter and antimatter.

On September 2, 2000, the operation of the Large Electron–Positron (LEP) collider, which consisted of 5176 magnets and 128 accelerating cavities, came to an end.

After 11 years of research and significant contributions to the study of electroweak interaction and particle generations, LEP was closed down on 2 November 2000 to pave the way for the construction of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in the same tunnel.

ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is one of the major experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider, focusing on heavy-ion collisions to study quark-gluon plasma.

The Worldwide LHC Computing Grid was established to handle the massive data processing requirements of the Large Hadron Collider experiments at CERN.

In 2003, a new record was set for data backup speed with a transfer rate of 1.1 gigabytes per second onto tapes over several hours. This achievement is equivalent to storing a full DVD film every four seconds.

CERN celebrates its 50th birthday, marking half a century of groundbreaking research and discoveries in the field of particle physics.

The first of the approximately 5,000 magnets necessary for construction of the CMS detector at the LHC was lowered down a special shaft at 13:00 GMT on 7 March 2005.

On October 25, 2005, a technician named José Pereira Lages was killed in an accident at the LHC construction site.

The ATLAS Barrel Toroid reached a current of 21 thousand amps for the first time, storing a magnetic energy equivalent to about 10,000 cars moving at 70 kilometers per hour.

On November 20, 2006, the world's largest superconducting magnet was switched on, marking a significant technological advancement in the field of physics.

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) started operating on September 10, 2008. It is the largest and most powerful particle accelerator in the world, located at CERN.

CERN engaged in collaborative efforts with scientists worldwide, fostering a spirit of cooperation and knowledge-sharing in the field of nuclear physics.

Despite the delay caused by the magnet quench incident, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) was officially inaugurated on October 21, 2008, in the presence of political leaders, science ministers, and members of the scientific community.

The 53rd and final replacement magnet for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is lowered into the accelerator tunnel, concluding repair work above ground after the incident in September the previous year that halted LHC operations. The magnet, a quadrupole for beam focusing, is placed in Sector 3-4 where the incident occurred.

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN resumed operation on 20 November 2009 by successfully circulating two beams, each with an energy of 3.5 teraelectronvolts (TeV).

On November 23, 2009, the LHC achieves its first collisions, a crucial step in its experiments to explore fundamental questions about the universe.

The LHC sets a new world record on November 30, 2009, by reaching a beam energy of 1.18 TeV, demonstrating its capabilities as the highest energy particle accelerator.

The first physics results from the LHC were reported on December 15, 2009, involving collisions in the ALICE detector. This marked the beginning of a new era in particle physics research at CERN.

On December 16, 2009, the LHC achieves world record collisions at 2.36 TeV and successfully records significant data, contributing to groundbreaking research in particle physics.

On March 30, 2010, the Large Hadron Collider successfully collided two proton beams at 7 TeV collision energy, marking a significant milestone in particle physics.

The first proton run at CERN ended on November 4, 2010.

The ALPHA experiment at CERN successfully trapped antimatter atoms for over 16 minutes, enabling detailed studies of their properties. This breakthrough allows for the precise mapping of antihydrogen using spectroscopy, facilitating comparisons with the hydrogen atom.

A run with lead ions at CERN ended on December 6, 2010, allowing the ALICE experiment to study matter under extreme conditions similar to those shortly after the Big Bang.

On April 22, 2011, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) established a new world record for beam intensity, showcasing its capability to handle high-intensity particle beams for experiments and research purposes.

On May 24, 2011, it was reported that quark-gluon plasma, one of the densest forms of matter, had been created in the LHC. This achievement provided valuable insights into the fundamental properties of matter.

CERN announced the discovery of the Higgs boson particle, a monumental achievement in the field of particle physics that confirmed the existence of the Higgs field.

In a seminar on December 13, 2011, the ATLAS and CMS experiments provided tantalizing hints of the Higgs boson.

The Higgs Boson, a crucial particle in the Standard Model of particle physics, was discovered by scientists at CERN in 2012.

On September 28, 2012, CERN tweeted that the Large Hadron Collider had reached its target for 2012 by delivering a massive number of collisions to ATLAS and CMS experiments.

The LHC was shut down on February 13, 2013, for its two-year upgrade called Long Shutdown 1 (LS1), which aimed to touch on many aspects of the LHC.

On March 18, 2014, CERN celebrated its 60th anniversary, marking six decades of scientific research and collaboration for the advancement of peace through science.

CERN celebrated its 60th anniversary at UNESCO Headquarters in Paris, commemorating the establishment of the CERN Convention by the 12 founding members on 1 July 1953.

.cern is a top-level domain for CERN. It was registered on 13 August 2014.

CERN celebrated its 60th anniversary in Geneva on 29 September, the date on which the CERN Convention was ratified 60 years ago and the Organization formally came into existence.

After a two-year maintenance period, the Large Hadron Collider restarted for a second run on April 5, 2015, setting the stage for further groundbreaking experiments in particle physics.

On 14 July 2015, CERN announced the discovery of pentaquarks, a particle composed of five quarks that might be tightly bound or weakly assembled into a meson and a baryon.

On 20 October 2015 CERN moved its main Website to https://home.cern.

On December 18, 2015, Rolf Heuer passed on the role of Director-General at CERN to Fabiola Gianotti during the 178th session of the CERN Council.

On September 5, 2016, Romania officially became the twenty-second Member State of CERN, as marked by the raising of the Romanian flag in front of the organization for the first time.

On December 16, 2016, Slovenia completed its internal approval procedures and joined Cyprus and Serbia as an Associate Member State of CERN.

In a Nature paper published on December 19, 2016, the ALPHA collaboration made history by reporting the first-ever measurement of the optical spectrum of an antimatter atom.

On January 16, 2017, India officially ratified the Association Agreement with CERN, solidifying its collaboration and partnership with the organization.

On April 28, 2017, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) resumed circulating beams of protons after a 17-week technical stop, aiming to achieve an integrated luminosity of 45 fb-1 and beyond for the year.

At the EPS Conference on High Energy Physics in Venice on July 6, 2017, the LHCb experiment at CERN reported the observation of the Ξcc++ (Xicc++) particle, which contains two charm quarks and one up quark.

LHC accelerated and collided Xenon nuclei for eight hours, allowing large experiments like ATLAS, ALICE, CMS, and LHCb to record xenon collisions for the first time.

CERN data centre collected 12.3 petabytes of data in October 2017, breaking its own record for data storage over a single month.

CERN was officially notified that Lithuania's internal procedures have been approved, following the Agreement signed in June 2017.

CERN's newest accelerator, Linac4, after two decades of design and construction, is on its way to join the LHC injection chain.

ATLAS and CMS presented new measurements of the properties of the Higgs boson at the Moriond Conference in Italy.

The ALPHA collaboration reported the most precise direct measurement of antimatter ever made, revealing the spectral structure of the antihydrogen atom.

The 2018 physics run at the LHC began on April 17 and continued until December 3, including various collision experiments.

The annual report at CERN was released on June 20, 2018, providing insights into the organization's activities and achievements over the past year.

On July 25, 2018, operators injected lead atoms containing a single electron into the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) for the first time. This marked a significant milestone in testing the Gamma Factory concept as part of CERN's Physics Beyond Colliders project.

On September 28, 2018, CERN unveiled its new official address, Esplanade des Particules, in collaboration with the État de Genève and the Ville de Meyrin, marking a significant milestone for the research facility.

On October 24, 2018, protons completed their final lap in the LHC before the accelerator complex's shutdown for renovation until 2021. The beams from fill number 7334 were ejected towards the beam dumps, concluding the LHC's proton operations for the next few years.

Long Shutdown 2 (LS2) at CERN started on December 10, 2018, aiming to implement the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) project.

Croatia was approved for admission as an Associate Member state on 28 February 2019.

The agreement for Croatia's admission as an Associate Member was ratified on 10 October 2019.

Starting from May 18, 2020, CERN began a cautious 16-week plan to gradually resume on-site activities with COVID-19 safety measures. The primary focus remained on safeguarding the health of individuals both on-site and working remotely.

Estonia was approved for admission as an Associate Member in the pre-stage to membership state on 19 June 2020.

The agreement for Estonia's admission as an Associate Member was ratified on 1 February 2021.

Latvia and CERN signed an associate membership agreement on 14 April 2021.

Latvia was formally admitted as an Associate Member on 2 August 2021.

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) became operational again on April 22, 2022, with a new maximum beam energy of 6.8 TeV (13.6 TeV collision energy). This upgrade allowed for higher luminosity and paved the way for new discoveries in particle physics.

On May 10, 2022, resources related to various topics including accelerators, computing, engineering, experiments, and physics were made available for knowledge sharing.

The international LHCb collaboration at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) observed three never-before-seen particles, including a new kind of pentaquark and the first-ever pair of tetraquarks, which includes a new type of tetraquark. These findings were presented at a CERN seminar, adding three new exotic members to the list of new hadrons found at the LHC.

The Microcosm museum, which hosted exhibitions on particle physics and CERN history, closed permanently on 18 September 2022 to prepare for new exhibitions in the Science Gateway.

On December 20, 2022, the LHCb Collaboration announced that the analysis of Run 1 and Run 2 data confirmed the Universality Principle of the leptonic 'flavour', fulfilling expectations set in March 2021.

The collaboration between CERN and IUPAP led to the establishment of the IUPAP Women in Physics working group, which has made significant progress over the years.

On August 21, 2023, FLOTUS visited a location where atmospheric vapors were observed.

On September 27, 2023, an opinion was expressed at CERN. The event highlighted a particular viewpoint or perspective within the CERN community.

On September 28, 2023, the search for the black boson in the North zone is conducted at the Centre de contrôle du C...

The campaign for lead ion collisions begins on October 5, 2023 at the Centre de contrôle du C...

On October 25, 2023, LHCb presents a gift to PANDA at the Centre de contrôle du C...

On November 23, 2023, CERN made an announcement with a few words from their first official guide. This event marked a significant moment in the history of CERN.

On January 1, 2024, High-Luminosity LHC images were featured in the CERN Courier for the Mar/Apr 2024 edition.

Celebration of the 70th anniversary of CERN, marking its significant contribution to European science.

CERN marks its 70th anniversary with the event CERN70, highlighting its foundational role in European science.

Franco Bonaudi, a pioneer of CERN's accelerators, reflects on the early years of the Laboratory when everything was yet to be invented.

A robot dog created by the CERN, showcasing advancements in engineering and technology.

On February 14, 2024, CERN celebrates its 70th anniversary with a significant first discovery.

CERN is celebrating the 100th birthday of former Director-General Herwig Schopper. The event is a tribute to his contributions and achievements during his time at CERN.

In 2024, CERN celebrates its 70th anniversary with an event showcasing the importance of its accelerator chain in scientific research.

Brazil became the first associate member of the Americas on 13 March 2024, after signing the associate membership agreement in March 2022.

A special event titled 'CERN70: The dark side of the muon' took place at CERN on March 14, 2024, focusing on the mysterious aspects of the muon particle.

CERN made official communications and news announcements on March 22, 2024, regarding the latest developments in science, experiments, and technology. This event highlighted the significant role of CERN in advancing scientific knowledge.

Brazil's accession as an Associate Member State of CERN strengthens international collaboration in scientific research and accelerates advancements in particle physics.

An event at CERN called CERN70 focused on tracing particles for research purposes.

On March 27, 2024, Brazil officially joined CERN as an Associate Member State.

In April 2024, the arrival of spring at CERN was captured in photos.

CERN and the Swiss Arts Council announce a collaborative project, showcasing the intersection of science and art for public engagement and creativity.

CERN Council decides to conclude cooperation with Belarus in 2024, with the cooperation ending on 27 June 2024.

CERN will celebrate its 70th anniversary on September 29, 2024. A rich celebration program will be organized for the public to commemorate CERN's history and look forward to its future.

CERN Council also decides to conclude cooperation with Russia in 2024, with the cooperation ending on 30 November 2024.

The High-Luminosity LHC is a planned upgrade to the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, expected to start operation in 2027 to increase the collision rates of particles.