A major outbreak of plague occurred in Constantinople in the year 573.

A major outbreak of plague occurred in Constantinople in the year 600.

In the year 664, a devastating plague outbreak affected Ireland.

Major outbreaks of plague occurred in Iraq, Egypt, and Syria in the year 669.

In 682, a plague outbreak in England was named the Plague of Cadwaladyr’s Time after a Welsh king who survived the disease.

Major outbreaks of plague occurred in Iraq, Egypt, and Syria in the year 683.

A major outbreak of plague occurred in Mesopotamia in the year 686.

A major outbreak of plague occurred in Constantinople in the year 698.

A major outbreak of plague occurred in Mesopotamia in the year 704.

Major outbreaks of plague occurred in Iraq, Egypt, and Syria in the year 713.

Major outbreaks of plague occurred in Iraq, Egypt, and Syria in the year 732.

A major outbreak of plague occurred in Constantinople in the year 747.

Major outbreaks of plague occurred in Iraq, Egypt, and Syria in the year 750.

By late summer 1348, the plague reached Cairo, the capital of the Mamluk Sultanate, leading to the death of more than a third of the 600,000 residents. Despite having a medieval hospital, the city was overwhelmed with corpses, and the plague recurred multiple times over the following centuries.

In April 1348, Tunis was infected by the plague brought by a ship from Sicily. The city was under attack by an army from Morocco, which dispersed in 1348, spreading the contagion to Morocco and possibly seeded from the Islamic city of Almería in al-Andalus.

During 1349, the city of Mosul suffered a massive epidemic, while Baghdad experienced a second round of the disease. These outbreaks added to the devastation caused by the plague in the region.

In 1350, Eastern Europe was affected by a devastating plague, causing widespread death and suffering in regions that were not well-documented or explored.

Plague spread to northwestern Russia in 1351. It was less common in parts of Europe with less-established trade relations.

In 1358, the Italian writer Boccaccio described the terrible symptoms of the Black Death in the preface to his Decameron. His vivid account, along with other contemporary writers, highlighted the gruesome nature of the disease that ravaged Europe.

The plague resurged in 1362-1363, leading to outbreaks of the deadly disease and impacting the population.

In 1369, another outbreak of the plague occurred, causing fear and death among the people.

In 1374, during another outbreak of the Black Death in Europe, Venice implemented public health measures such as isolating infected individuals and preventing diseased ships from docking at port.

In 1377, the first quarantine was established at the Adriatic port of Ragussa. This marked a significant shift towards new empiricism in medicine and disease control.

In 1378, riots erupted in Florence due to the changing dynamics post-Black Death, where the laborers sought better working conditions and rights, signaling the shift away from serfdom.

The year 1381 saw riots in London following the Black Death, reflecting the growing discontent among the peasants for improved wages and freedom, leading to the downfall of feudalism.

The Black Plague made a resurgence in Europe in 1382, with Ireland being particularly hard hit by the deadly disease, leading to a significant loss of life.

In 1390, the plague struck again, causing distress and hardship for the people.

In 1403, Venice extended the quarantine period to forty days for travelers from the Levant, leading to the term 'quarantine'. This change may have been influenced by biblical and historical references.

In 1466, Paris experienced a severe outbreak of the plague, causing widespread illness and death among its population.

The city of Amsterdam faced a plague outbreak in 1559, resulting in a significant number of cases and deaths within the community.

The painting 'The Triumph of Death' by Pieter Breughel the Elder in 1562 depicted armies of skeletons killing people of all social orders in a variety of macabre ways, reflecting the preoccupation with death during the plague.

The Great Plague of Seville occurred in 1647, leading to a devastating impact on the population of the Spanish city with widespread illness and death.

The major outbreak of plague in London in 1665 was a result of a breakdown in the quarantine barrier. The disease spread rapidly, causing a significant number of deaths in the city.

The Great Fire of London in 1666, which destroyed a large part of the city, led to the subsequent rebuilding of houses with brick and tile, disturbing the rats' habitat and contributing to the end of the pneumonic plague epidemic.

In 1679, Central Europe was struck by a plague outbreak, with a smaller outbreak also occurring in England, causing illness and death in both regions.

Between 1710 and 1711, Sweden and Finland experienced a significant outbreak of the plague, leading to widespread suffering and loss of life in the affected regions.

The city of Marseilles faced a plague epidemic in 1720, causing a high number of cases and fatalities among its population.

The major outbreak of plague in Marseille in 1721 was depicted in Michel Serre's painting. It was a result of a breakdown in the quarantine barrier, leading to a devastating impact on the city.

In 1722, Daniel Defoe published 'A Journal of the Plague Year,' a fictionalized account of the 1665 plague outbreak in London, providing insights into the impact of the epidemic on society and individuals.

The plague outbreak occurred in the Balkans in 1770 and lasted for about 2 years. While the epidemic spread through most of Western Europe, not all areas were equally affected. Regions with limited trade experienced less impact compared to major ports.

The plague re-emerged in the remote Chinese province of Yunnan in 1855, spreading along trade routes and reaching various locations in subsequent years.

An old English nursery rhyme published in Kate Greenaway's book Mother Goose in 1881 described the symptoms of the plague, including a red blistery rash, fragrant herbs and flowers to ward off the 'miasmas', and the sneeze and cough heralding pneumonia.

The Third Pandemic of 1894 marked the resurgence of the plague, although it did not reach the virulence and mortality of the 14th century European Black Death.

Four years after the discovery of Yersinia pestis, Paul-Louis Simond, a successor of Alexandre Yersin, identified the primary vectors for the transmission of the disease from rats to humans.

In 1900, the plague reached Australia with the first major outbreak occurring in Sydney, causing 100 deaths and confirming rats as the source and fleas as the vectors.

Zeigler P.'s book 'The Black Death' provides insights into the infamous Black Death pandemic that ravaged Europe in the 14th century, leading to catastrophic consequences.

A book titled 'The Black Death' by Gottfried RS delves into the devastating pandemic that swept through Europe in the 14th century, causing widespread death and societal upheaval.

In 1997, Perry RD and Fetherston JD identified Yersinia pestis as the causative agent of the plague in their publication in Clinical Microbiology Reviews.

Research by Achtman et al. in 1999 revealed that Yersinia pestis, the cause of plague, is a recently emerged clone of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis.

Marriott's book 'Plague', published in 2003, delves into the topic of plague and its impact.

Gage and Kosoy's research in 2005 provides insights into the natural history of plague, drawing from over a century of research.

In 2007, Echenberg published 'Plague Ports', a book exploring the historical significance of ports in the spread of plague.

In 2010, Haensch et al. published a study confirming the role of Yersinia pestis in the Black Death by assessing DNA/RNA from human skeletons associated with the epidemic, ending the debate about the cause of the plague that devastated Europe during the Middle Ages.

In 2011, genetic evidence from Black Death victims in England further confirmed that the Black Death was caused by a variant of Yersinia pestis, with the strain ancestral to most modern strains of the bacterium.

In 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO) released a report on Zoonotic Infections focusing on the plague, highlighting its zoonotic nature and impact.

DNA evidence from skeletons in 14th century London showed that the plague strain is almost identical to that which hit Madagascar in 2013, tracing the source of Yersinia pestis to the Tian Shan mountains in Kyrgyzstan.

In 2014, Public Health England conducted an examination of 25 bodies exhumed in the Clerkenwell area of London, as well as wills registered in London during the period, to support the pneumonic hypothesis of the plague's spread.

In October 2017, Madagascar experienced the deadliest outbreak of the plague in modern times, resulting in 170 deaths and infecting thousands, raising concerns about the disease's resurgence.

In 2018, researchers proposed an alternative model suggesting that the Black Death was spread from human fleas and body lice to other people, challenging the traditional rat-flea-human hypothesis.