On March 21, 1900, Nikola Tesla was granted a patent for increasing the intensity of electrical oscillations by lowering the temperature, which was caused by lowered resistance.

In 1901, Albert Einstein applied to be an assistant to Heike Kamerlingh Onnes but was rejected. This event is significant as it showcases Einstein's early career struggles and highlights the competitive nature of scientific research during that time.

On July 10, 1908, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, a Professor of Experimental Physics at the University of Leiden, successfully liquefied helium for the first time. He was able to determine the boiling point of helium at 4.3 K and further lower the temperature to 1.7 K by reducing the pressure of the helium bath.

Heike Kamerlingh Onnes discovered superconductivity in mercury at a temperature of 4.19 K, where the resistivity abruptly disappeared. He later coined the term 'superconductivity' and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1913 for his research.

A study conducted in Leiden in May 1911 observed the disappearance of resistivity in mercury.

In December 1912, a scientist discovered that tin and lead, metals that could be easily made into wires at room temperature, could exhibit superconductivity at low temperatures.

On December 11, 1913, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes delivered his Nobel Lecture on 'Investigations into the properties of substances at low temperatures', which included the preparation of liquid helium. His work laid the foundation for superconductivity research.

In 1914, a study in Leiden discussed the imitation of an ampere molecular current or a permanent magnet using a supraconductor.

In 1916, Francis Silsbee of the National Bureau of Standards in America analyzed the Leiden data and demonstrated the interdependence of critical current and critical field, a significant advancement in the understanding of superconductors.

In 1924, Wander Johannes de Haas and Willem Hendrik Keesom discovered that a solid solution of 4% bismuth in gold exhibited superconductivity at 1.9 K, even though neither bismuth nor gold were superconducting at ambient pressure.

In 1929, W. Meissner observed the superconductivity of copper sulfide by conducting measurements with the help of liquid helium.

In 1930, W. Meissner and H. Franz conducted measurements using liquid helium and discovered the superconductivity of niobium.

Walther Meissner and Robert Ochsenfeld discovered the Meissner effect in 1933, where superconductors expelled applied magnetic fields. This phenomenon became crucial in understanding the behavior of superconducting materials.

Fritz and Heinz London proposed the London constitutive equations in 1935, explaining the Meissner effect in superconductors. These equations describe the magnetic field distribution inside a superconductor.

G. Aschermann, E. Freiderich, E. Justi, and J. Kramer reported the discovery of superconducting compounds with high transition temperatures in Physik. Zeit. in 1941.

Shubnikov, a key figure in the development of Type II superconductors, died in prison in 1945 as a victim of Stalin's purges. His contributions were not fully acknowledged until his posthumous exoneration.

On May 15, 1950, Reynolds, Serin, Wright, and Nesbitt investigated the superconductivity of isotopes of mercury.

In 1953, Bern Matthias at Bell Laboratories raised the critical temperature ceiling for superconductors to 17.86 K using NbN-NbC.

In 1954, the first successful superconducting magnet was created by George Yntema at the University of Illinois. This marked the beginning of engineering superconductivity, using Nb wire which had a higher critical field compared to other superconductors.

G. B. Yntema successfully constructed a small iron-core electromagnet with superconducting niobium wire windings in 1955.

In 1956, John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, and Robert Schrieffer proposed the BCS theory of superconductivity. The theory explains how electrons can form pairs and move through a conductor without resistance at low temperatures.

The BCS theory of superconductivity was proposed by Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer in December 1957.

In 1958, N. N. Bogolyubov showed that the BCS wavefunction could be obtained using a canonical transformation of the electronic Hamiltonian, providing further support for the BCS theory of superconductivity.

In 1959, Lev Gor'kov demonstrated that the BCS theory reduced to the Ginzburg–Landau theory near the critical temperature, enhancing the understanding of superconductivity.

In August 1960, Stan Autler at MIT Lincoln Laboratory achieved a 2.5 T magnetic field at 4.2 K using Niobium (Nb). This marked a significant advancement in superconductivity research.

In 1961, J. E. Kunzler, E. Buehler, F. S. L. Hsu, and J. H. Wernick found that a niobium-tin compound could support high current densities in magnetic fields, leading to the development of supermagnets.

In 1962, Little and Parks observed quantum periodicity in the transition temperature of a superconducting cylinder, as published in Physical Review Letters. This discovery marked a significant advancement in the understanding of superconductivity.

In 1964, Bill Little of Stanford University suggested the possibility of organic (carbon-based) superconductors. The first theoretical organic superconductors were successfully synthesized, opening up new possibilities in the field of superconductivity.

Lev Gorkov developed a theory in 1965 that focused on superconductivity at high magnetic fields. His work emphasized the variation in the energy gap parameter with position, providing valuable insights into superconducting behavior.

In 1968, Neil Ashcroft proposed the idea that modifying hydrogen into metal could lead to high-temperature superconductivity.

A book titled 'Introduction to Superconductivity' was published in 1969 by A. C. Rose-Innes and F. H. Rhoderick, providing an excellent introduction to the phenomenon of superconductivity.

The BCS theory, formulated by John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, and Robert Schrieffer, described superconductivity and placed a limit on the critical temperature. The creators of the theory were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1972.

Josephson was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1973 for his work on the Josephson effect.

In 1974, John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, and Bob Schrieffer received honorary degrees from the University of Illinois, recognizing their significant contributions to the field of superconductivity.

The book 'Foundations of Applied Superconductivity' was published by T. P. Orlando and K. A. Delin in 1975.

In 1980, Danish researcher Klaus Bechgaard from the University of Copenhagen, along with 3 French team members, discovered that (TMTSF)2PF6 could superconduct at an incredibly cold temperature of 1.2K under high pressure. This discovery showcased the potential of 'designer' molecules that could be engineered to exhibit specific properties.

In March 1983, the first superconducting accelerator ring was finished at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. It consisted of 774 6m long dipole magnets and 210 quadrupole magnets, showcasing significant progress in superconducting technology.

In April 1986, Müller and Bednorz synthesized a lanthanum, barium, copper, and oxygen compound that exhibited unique behavior, leading to the discovery of the first superconducting copper-oxides. This groundbreaking discovery was published in Zeitschrift für Physik Condensed Matter.

In January of 1987, a research team at the University of Alabama-Huntsville substituted yttrium for lanthanum in the Müller and Bednorz molecule, achieving a superconducting material with a transition temperature of 92 K, known today as YBCO.

J. Georg Bednorz and K. Alex Müller discovered superconductivity in a brittle ceramic compound (BaxLa5−xCu5O5(3−y)) at 30 Kelvin, a breakthrough in the field.

Illinois Superconductor, later known as ISCO International, was established in 1989 as the first company to commercialize high-temperature superconductors, marking a significant milestone in the field.

In 1992, the largest superconducting magnet for the DELPHI project at CERN was fabricated, measuring 7.4 meters in length, 6.2 meters in diameter, and weighing 84 tonnes. It survived a 1600 km journey to CERN through road, ship, and barge.

Superconductivity above 130 K was discovered in a material containing HgBa2Ca2Cu3O1+x and HgBa2CaCu2O6+x. This marked a significant advancement in the field of superconductivity.

In 1994, a new record for superconducting transition temperature (Tc) was set at 164K under 30GPa of pressure for the material HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+x.

In 1995, Peter J. Lee published a work on Applied Superconductivity Terms & Definitions, providing a comprehensive guide in the field.

In 1997, researchers discovered that an alloy of gold and indium exhibited superconducting and natural magnet properties at a temperature very close to absolute zero, defying conventional beliefs.

In the year 2000, the first high-temperature superconductor that does not contain any copper was discovered. This marked a significant advancement in the field of superconductivity.

In March 2001, superconductivity was found in magnesium diboride (MgB2) with a critical temperature (Tc) of 39 K.

In 2003, Alexei A. Abrikosov, Vitaly L. Ginzburg, and Anthony J. Leggett were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for their groundbreaking contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids.

In 2005, Superconductors.ORG found that increasing the weight ratios of alternating planes within layered perovskites can significantly increase the transition temperature (Tc) of superconductors. Subsequent discoveries using high dielectric constant alloys led to the identification of over 140 new high-temperature superconductors, potentially breaking world records.

On August 17, 2006, a physicist made a significant discovery in the field of superconductivity, uncovering exotic properties that could potentially revolutionize the understanding of this phenomenon.

In 2007, a study was published in the Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, focusing on the spatial structure of the Cooper pair.

In February 2008, Hideo Hosono and colleagues discovered lanthanum oxygen fluorine iron arsenide (LaO1−xFxFeAs), an oxypnictide superconductor with a critical temperature below 26 K. Subsequent research led to the identification of samarium-doped variants with superconducting properties up to 55 K.

A detailed account of the events surrounding the discovery of Type II Superconductivity can be found in A. G. Shepelev's work 'The Discovery of Type II Superconductors (Shubnikov Phase)' published in August 2010.

The book '100 Years of Superconductivity', edited by Horst Rogalla and Peter Kes, was presented to attendees of EUCAS-ISEC-ICMC 2011. It contains detailed articles covering the history of superconductivity, including the Leiden discoveries.

In 2013, room-temperature superconductivity was briefly achieved in YBCO using short pulses of infrared laser light to deform the material's crystal structure.

As of 2015, the highest critical temperature found for a conventional superconductor is 203 K for H2S, achieved under high pressures of approximately 90 gigapascals.

In 2017, Dias & Silvera observed the transition of hydrogen to a metallic state under extreme pressures, crucial for superconductivity experiments.

In 2018, a research team from the Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, found superconductivity in bilayer graphene twisted at an angle of approximately 1.1 degrees, creating 'skyrmions' between the layers.

In 2019, Drozdov et al. discovered superconductivity at 250 Kelvin in lanthanum hydride (H3S) under high pressures.

In 2020, a room-temperature superconductor with a critical temperature of 288 K was developed using hydrogen, carbon, and sulfur under high pressures. The research paper was later retracted due to concerns about background subtraction procedures.

In 2022, a breakthrough was made in understanding high-temperature superconductivity, marking a significant advancement in the field and shedding light on previously elusive concepts.

On December 31, 2023, a study titled 'Global Room-Temperature Superconductivity in Graphite' was published, demonstrating superconductivity at room temperature and ambient pressure in Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite with dense arrays of nearly parallel line defects.