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IBM

American multinational technology company

IBM, founded in 1911, is a leading technology company known for its innovations in computer systems and software. With a rich history of technological advancements, IBM has made significant contributions to various fields such as computing, data infrastructure, and artificial intelligence. Despite facing challenges in the PC market, IBM remains a prominent player in the technology industry, with a strong focus on computer services, supercomputers, and scientific research.

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Timeline

Incorporation of IBM

IBM is originally incorporated as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company through a merger involving the International Time Recording Company, Computing Scale Company, and Tabulating Machine Company.

Thomas J. Watson, Senior

In 1914, Thomas J. Watson, Senior, became associated with the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (C-T-R), later transforming it into the International Business Machines Corporation (IBM). Watson's leadership played a significant role in shaping IBM's future success.

Thomas J. Watson, Sr. becomes president of C-T-R

Within 11 months of joining C-T-R, Thomas J. Watson, Sr. was promoted to the position of president. Under his leadership, the company focused on providing large-scale, custom-built tabulating solutions for businesses, leading to significant revenue growth.

Expansion of C-T-R operations globally

During Thomas J. Watson, Sr.'s first four years as president, C-T-R expanded its operations to Europe, South America, Asia, and Australia. This expansion marked a significant milestone in the company's growth and global presence.

IBM Acquires Dehomag

IBM acquires the German company Dehomag, establishing it as a subsidiary with a monopoly in the German market before and during World War II.

Name Change of Computing-Tabulating-Recording Co. (C-T-R) to IBM

In 1924, the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Co. (C-T-R) formally changed its name to International Business Machines Corp. (IBM). This marked a significant milestone in the company's history.

IBM Acquires The Automatic Accounting Scale Company

IBM acquires The Automatic Accounting Scale Company, a manufacturer of automatic counting scales.

IBM secures Accounting Contract With U.S. Government

In 1935, IBM secured a crucial accounting contract with the U.S. Government, solidifying its position in the technology and business sectors.

Development of IBM's First Computer - Mark I

In 1944, IBM collaborated with Harvard University to create the Automated Sequence Controlled Calculator, also known as Mark I, which was utilized by the Navy for calculating gun trajectories.

Introduction of First Digital Storage System by IBM

In 1951, IBM introduced the first digital storage system, marking the shift from calculators to electronic computers and revolutionizing data storage methods.

Introduction of IBM 701

The IBM 701 was introduced in 1952, representing IBM's first independent computer project and production computer. It utilized magnetic tape drive vacuum technology, a significant advancement in data storage.

IBM 650 Magnetic Drum Calculator and IBM 702 built

In 1953, IBM developed the IBM 650 Magnetic Drum Calculator electronic computer and the IBM 702. The IBM 650 became a best seller in the market.

In 1954, IBM introduced the IBM 704 computer, which was the first to incorporate indexing, floating point arithmetic, and a more reliable magnetic core memory.

IBM Employee Programs Computer to Play Checkers

In 1956, an IBM employee successfully programmed a computer to play checkers and learn from its gameplay, a significant milestone in the development of artificial intelligence.

Introduction of IBM 1401 data processing system

In 1959, the IBM 1401 data processing system was introduced, marking the first computer to achieve sales of over 10,000 units. Additionally, the IBM 1403 printer was also developed in the same year.

IBM employs 100,000 people

In 1960, IBM had a workforce of 100,000 employees. During this time, IBM focused on producing and selling large computers to governments and big companies, rather than targeting individual consumers.

Introduction of IBM 7030 Stretch supercomputer

The IBM 7030 Stretch, introduced in 1961, marked IBM's entry into the world of transistorized supercomputers. The delivery of the first unit to Los Alamos National Laboratory was a significant milestone in computing history.

Fractal Geometry Concept by Benoit Mandelbrot

IBM researcher Benoit Mandelbrot conceives fractal geometry, impacting various fields like engineering, economics, art, and computer graphics by describing irregularities in nature at all scales.

IBM's Contribution to Apollo Missions

In 1969, IBM played a crucial role in the Apollo missions by providing the computers and software that facilitated the successful moon landings.

The 1970 IBM System 370 was the first computer to utilize virtual memory.

VM/370 officially announced

On August 2, 1972, IBM officially announced VM/370 for the IBM System/370, marking a significant milestone in the development of virtualization technology.

IBM develops the first portable computer

In 1973, IBM developed the IBM 5100, considered the first portable computer. It weighed around 50 pounds and had a built-in 5-inch CRT display, making it a milestone in computing mobility.

IBM launches the first personal computer

In 1981, IBM launched the IBM 5150, the first personal computer to gain widespread adoption. It set the standard for PC architecture and played a significant role in the growth of the computer industry.

Gerd K. Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer win Nobel Prize in Physics

In 1986, IBM Zurich Research Laboratory fellows Gerd K. Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for their pioneering work in scanning tunneling microscopy. Their development of this powerful microscopy technique enabled scientists to capture highly detailed images of surfaces, revealing individual atoms.

Nobel Prize for IBM Researchers

IBM researchers Georg Bednorz and Karl Alexander Müller are jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for their breakthrough in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials.

IBM Scientists Develop Scanning Tunneling Microscope for Atom Manipulation

In 1990, IBM scientists at the Almaden Research Center in San Jose, California, discovered a technique to move and position individual atoms on a metal surface using a scanning tunneling microscope. They successfully demonstrated the method by creating the world's first structure, the letters 'I-B-M', assembled atom by atom.

IBM Annual Net Losses Record

IBM's annual net losses reach a record US$8 billion, attributed to the company's focus on business clients over personal computer users.

Acquisition of Lotus Development Corporation

IBM acquires Lotus Development Corporation, the developer of Lotus Software.

Deep Blue's Victory Against Garry Kasparov

IBM's Deep Blue chess-playing computer wins its first game against world champion Garry Kasparov.

PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) Consulting Acquisition

On October 2, 2002, IBM acquired PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) Consulting for approximately $3.5 billion. This acquisition marked IBM's entry into global management consulting and technology services.

IBM acquires Rational Software Corporation

On February 20, 2003, IBM acquired Rational Software Corporation, a company specializing in integrated solutions for automating the software development process.

Acquisition of AlphaBlox

IBM acquires Mountain View, California-based AlphaBlox, a software company that integrates analytics into existing business processes.

Cognos Inc. Acquisition by IBM

On January 31, 2008, IBM acquired Cognos Inc., a business intelligence and performance management software company, for $4.9 billion.

IBM acquires Transitive

IBM acquires Transitive, a company specializing in cross-platform virtualization technology.

IBM acquires SPSS

IBM acquires SPSS, a provider of predictive analytics software and solutions.

IBM acquires SoftLayer Technologies Inc.

On July 8, 2013, IBM acquired SoftLayer Technologies Inc., a cloud computing infrastructure company, for an estimated $2 billion.

The IBM company, known for its innovations in technology and computing, was mentioned in an article retrieved on February 24, 2018.

IBM Acquires Intelliden Inc.

IBM acquired Intelliden Inc., a strategic move to enhance its network automation capabilities.

IBM acquires Language Analysis Systems, Inc.

IBM announced the acquisition of Language Analysis Systems, Inc., aiming to enhance its language analysis capabilities.

IBM's acquisition of Red Hat Inc.

IBM acquired Red Hat Inc. for approximately $34 billion, making it the biggest acquisition in IBM's history.

IBM Demonstrates Groundbreaking AI Research

On February 13, 2023, IBM showcased groundbreaking artificial intelligence research using foundational models and generative AI.

End of the Timeline
IBM

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