Intel

Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore left Fairchild to establish Intel in 1968. They were later joined by Andrew Grove and Leslie L. Vadász, bringing with them the MOS Silicon Gate Technology (SGT) developed at Fairchild.

Intel Corporation, also known as Integrated Electronics, was founded on July 18, 1968, by semiconductor pioneers Gordon Moore, Robert Noyce, and investor Arthur Rock. It played a key role in the rise of Silicon Valley and the development of microprocessor chips.

Intel released the 1103 in 1970, which was the first commercially available dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) and became the bestselling semiconductor memory chip in the world by 1972.

Ted Hoff invents the microprocessor in 1970, a crucial development that paves the way for the advancement of technology and computing.

In 1971, Intel introduced the first microprocessor, the 4004, which revolutionized the industry. This innovation paved the way for Intel to dominate the market with faster and more advanced microprocessors.

Intel launches its first microprocessor, the 4004, marking a significant milestone in the history of semiconductor computer circuits.

Intel 8086 Processor was Intel's first commercial 16-bit processor and is considered to be the chip that launched the era of the successful x86 architecture family of processors.

On January 1, 1981, Intel introduced its first 32-bit microprocessor, the 43201, which marked a significant advancement in CPU technology. The new microprocessor featured a multi-chip architecture, a one terabyte virtual address space, and hardware support for fault tolerance.

The Intel 80386DX Processor was released on October 17, 1982. It was Intel's first 32-bit processor with a 32-bit external bus and a 32-bit address bus. In the i386 processor family, the 'DX' stood for 'Double word eXternal' referring to the 32-bit external bus.

In 1984, Intel introduced the 286 processor, created a new division dedicated to pursuing the power of supercomputing, and championed new national legislation to protect innovations in semiconductor design.

Moore approved the decision for Intel to act as the 'sole source' for the Intel 386 microprocessor, a pivotal move that solidified Intel's position in the microprocessor market.

In 1987, Intel surged back into the black as the semiconductor industry finally recovered from a multiyear recession. The 386 processor continued its dominance, and Andy Grove rose to the office of CEO.

The Intel386SX, introduced on June 16, 1988, was the first x86 chip to handle 32-bit data sets. It reworked and expanded memory protection support, including paged virtual memory and virtual-86 mode, which were essential features for operating systems like OS/2, Linux, Windows, and macOS. It was first used by Compaq in the Deskpro 386 and played a crucial role in desktop computing.

The Intel 80486DX Processor, part of the i486 processor family, was released on April 10, 1989. It featured an integrated math coprocessor and had an initial clock speed of 25MHz.

On April 22, 1991, Intel released the 80486SX processor, which was a lower cost variant of the 80486DX with the internal floating point unit (FPU) disabled. The 'SX' designation indicated a 486 processor without an integrated math coprocessor.

The Intel486 DX, with a clock speed of 50 MHz and 41 MIPS, was officially introduced on June 24, 1991. It featured 1.2 million transistors at 1 μm and had a 32-bit bus width. This processor also included a math coprocessor on chip and had a level 1 cache of 8 KB.

Intel released the 80486DX2 Processor with an initial clock speed of 50MHz, 32-bit, single-core design, and 1.2 million transistors, marking a significant advancement in computer processing technology.

Intel Pentium II Processor was released on May 7, 1997, with an initial clock speed of 300MHz and 32-bit, single-core architecture.

On February 26, 1999, the P6-based core with Streaming SIMD Extensions (SSE) was introduced, bringing significant improvements to processing capabilities.

On January 16, 2006, Intel introduced the Pentium D processor, which was a dual-core microprocessor with enabled Hyper-Threading technology. It also featured a 800 MHz front-side bus.

In July 2007, the European Commission accused Intel of engaging in anti-competitive practices, particularly against AMD. The allegations included providing preferential prices to computer makers buying most or all of their chips from Intel, paying computer makers to delay or cancel the launch of products using AMD chips, and providing chips at below standard cost to governments and educational institutions.

In September 2007, South Korean regulators accused Intel of breaking antitrust law, leading to a fine of US$25.5 million for taking advantage of its dominant position to offer incentives to major Korean PC manufacturers on the condition of not buying products from AMD.

On November 17, 2008, Intel released several variants of the Core i7 processor, including the 975 (extreme edition), 965 (extreme edition), 960, 950, 940, 930, and 920. These processors offered varying clock speeds and Turbo Boost capabilities.

On November 4, 2009, New York's attorney general filed an antitrust lawsuit against Intel Corp, alleging that the company used illegal threats and collusion to dominate the market for computer microprocessors.

On November 12, 2009, AMD agreed to drop the antitrust lawsuit against Intel in exchange for $1.25 billion, leading to an agreement that ended the legal disputes between the two companies.

On March 16, 2010, Intel introduced the Intel Core i7 Mobile processor family, featuring variants such as 990X Extreme Edition, 980X Extreme Edition, and 970. These processors were built on 45 nm process technology and included features like 4 physical cores, Hyper-Threading, and Intel Turbo Boost Technology.

In June 2014, the General Court rejected Intel's appeal against the European Commission's verdict, upholding the €1.06 billion fine imposed on Intel for anti-competitive practices.

In August 2016, Indian officials of the Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) parked garbage trucks on Intel's campus and threatened to dump them for evading payment of property taxes between 2007 and 2008, to the tune of ₹340 million (US$4.3 million). Intel had reportedly been paying taxes as a non-air-conditioned office, when the campus in fact had central air conditioning. Other factors, such as land acquisition and construction improvements, added to the tax burden. Previously, Intel had appealed the demand in the Karnataka high court in July, during which the court ordered Intel to pay BBMP half the owed amount of ₹170 million (US$2.1 million) plus arrears by August 28 of that year.

In December 2016, Maxine Fesberg announced her resignation as the CEO of Intel Israel, which marked a significant leadership change within the company's Israeli operations.

In January 2017, Yaniv Gerti assumed the position of chief executive officer (CEO) of Intel Israel, succeeding Maxine Fesberg, signifying a new leadership era for Intel's operations in Israel.

The Intel Core i9 Processor was released in May 2017. It introduced advanced features and performance improvements compared to its predecessors.

In early January 2018, it was reported that all Intel processors made since 1995 have been subject to two security flaws dubbed Meltdown and Spectre, leading to performance impact and the need for software patches.

On January 18, 2019, Intel disclosed three new vulnerabilities affecting all Intel CPUs, named 'Fallout', 'RIDL', and 'ZombieLoad', allowing a program to read sensitive information and leak data from other processes and virtual machines.

On March 5, 2020, computer security experts reported another Intel chip security flaw, with the systematic name CVE-2019-0090, affecting nearly all Intel chips released in the past five years.

During Apple's annual WWDC, Tim Cook announced the transition of the company's entire Mac line from Intel CPUs to custom Apple-designed processors based on the Arm architecture over the course of the next two years.

CEO Pat Gelsinger laid out new plans for Intel, including a new strategy called IDM 2.0, investments in manufacturing facilities, and the launch of Intel Foundry Services. Plans also included a partnership with IBM and the announcement of a new event for developers and engineers called 'Intel ON'.

On March 30, 2021, Intel released the 11th-generation Core desktop processors (codenamed 'Rocket Lake'), fabricated using Intel's 14 nm process and based on the Cypress Cove microarchitecture.

Intel selected New Albany, Ohio, as the site for a major new manufacturing facility, with plans to begin producing chips by 2025. The company also chose Magdeburg, Germany, as a site for two new chip mega factories, creating 10,000 new jobs.

Intel signed a $30 billion partnership with Brookfield Asset Management to fund its recent factory expansions, with Intel funding 51% of the cost of building new chip-making facilities in Chandler.

On October 17, 2023, Intel launched the iterative refresh of Raptor Lake-S desktop processors, known as the 14th generation of Intel Core. These CPUs feature ECC memory support only when paired with a motherboard based on the W680 chipset.

Intel plans to introduce a 1nm process (10A) in 2027, and also aims for fully AI-automated factories with 'Cobots'.