Nicolás Maduro

On October 12, 2012, the individual was chosen by Chavez to serve as the vice president.

On December 9, 2012, facing his fourth cancer surgery, Chavez publicly supported Maduro as his successor.

After the death of President Hugo Chávez on March 5, 2013, Nicolás Maduro assumed the presidency of Venezuela. A special presidential election was held in 2013, where Maduro was declared the winner with 50.62% of the vote.

On March 8, 2013, following the death of Chavez, the individual was sworn in as the interim president.

Nicolás Maduro was elected as the President of Venezuela on 14 April 2013, narrowly defeating opposition candidate Henrique Capriles with a small margin. Capriles demanded a recount as he did not recognize the outcome.

On September 30, 2013, Nicolás Maduro announced on state-run TV that he was expelling three US diplomats, accusing them of being involved in a widespread power outage earlier in the month. He demanded them to leave Venezuela, expressing his frustration with alleged US interference.

Opposition leaders Leopoldo López and María Corina Machado initiated a campaign on January 23 to oust President Maduro due to high violence levels, food shortages, and scarcity of basic goods in Venezuela.

On February 20, 2014, Venezuela revoked press credentials for CNN journalists in the country and denied entry to other CNN journalists. This action was in response to President Maduro's threat to expel CNN if they did not change their coverage of anti-government protests.

Maduro declares a constitutional state of emergency, expanding on the economic emergency he declared in January.

On October 21, 2016, the National Electoral Council suspended the referendum only days before preliminary signature-gatherings were to be held, citing alleged voter fraud as the reason for the cancellation.

On October 28, 2016, the Supreme Tribunal of Justice issued a ruling confirming Nicolás Maduro's birth in Caracas, Venezuela, and dismissing claims of his Colombian nationality based on lack of evidence.

Maduro announces signing an executive order that will lead to changes in the constitution, reshaping the legislature and redefining his executive powers.

On July 30, 2017, an election was held in Venezuela to replace the National Assembly with a new pro-Maduro legislative body called the National Constituent Assembly. The election was marred by clashes between police and protestors, resulting in the deaths of at least six people. Despite Maduro claiming victory, opposition leaders denounced the vote as fraudulent.

On January 11, 2018, the Supreme Tribunal of Justice of Venezuela in exile declared the nullity of the 2013 presidential elections due to evidence presented questioning Nicolás Maduro's eligibility and Colombian nationality claims.

On May 20, 2018, Nicolás Maduro wins another six-year term in an election criticized by opposition leaders and the international community. The voter turnout drops significantly to 46% compared to 80% in 2013. The Lima Group, consisting of 14 Latin American nations and Canada, declares the election as illegitimate.

On August 4, 2018, several drones armed with explosives were flown towards Nicolás Maduro during a military parade, in an apparent assassination attempt. Fortunately, Maduro was not injured. The incident led to the arrest of six individuals connected to the attack.

On August 5, 2018, Interior Minister Néstor Reverol announced that six individuals had been arrested in connection with the assassination attempt on Nicolás Maduro. The arrests were made following the incident involving drones armed with explosives.

Maduro was sentenced to 18 years and 3 months in prison on 15 August 2018 by the Supreme Tribunal of Justice of Venezuela in exile for corruption and legitimation of capital.

The New York Times reveals secret meetings between US officials and Venezuelan military officers to plan a coup against President Maduro. CNN corroborates the report, detailing a series of meetings held over a year.

On September 25, 2018, the United States imposed sanctions on Nicolás Maduro's wife and three other members of his inner circle in an effort to diminish his control over power.

On September 26, 2018, Nicolás Maduro addressed the UN General Assembly, dismissing the humanitarian crisis in Venezuela as a 'fabrication' and accusing the United States and its Latin American allies of interference in his country.

On January 10, 2019, Nicolás Maduro declared himself as the president of Venezuela in an illegal manner, disregarding the international criticism of a fraudulent election. Maduro manipulated the electoral process by intimidating voters, disenfranchising them, and banning popular political parties and candidates.

During a speech at the Miraflores Palace in Caracas, Nicolás Maduro displayed a document declaring the termination of diplomatic relations with the United States due to what he described as invasive policies. He criticized the administration of President Donald Trump and emphasized Venezuela's sovereignty.

On January 24, 2019, the United States and 15 other OAS member states officially recognized Juan Guaidó as the interim President of Venezuela. This move was part of a global effort to restore democracy in Venezuela and hold Nicolás Maduro and his supporters accountable for the ongoing crises.

On January 25, 2019, Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro held a news conference in Caracas where he accused opposition leader Juan Guaido and the United States of attempting to orchestrate a coup against his government.

On January 30, Maduro flashed a 'V for victory' hand gesture after arriving at the Fort Tiuna military base in Caracas.

On February 8, 2019, Maduro prevented the entry of humanitarian aid from the U.S. at the Venezuela-Colombia border.

On February 21, Maduro closed the border Venezuela shares with Brazil to prevent aid from entering the country.

At least two civilians were killed and many injured as Venezuelan security forces opened fire on protesters near the Brazilian border.

On February 23, Maduro waved the national flag during a pro-government march in Caracas. He announced the breaking of diplomatic relations with Colombia and called for its ambassadors and consuls to leave Venezuela. This event took place after Maduro began a second term following a controversial 2018 election.

The U.S. Department of State released a fact sheet on April 15, 2019, highlighting the corruption and chaos under Nicolás Maduro's regime in Venezuela.

On April 30, 2019, during a live televised address, Nicolás Maduro stated that troops loyal to him successfully thwarted a coup attempt allegedly orchestrated by Donald Trump and national security adviser John Bolton.

The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights releases a report criticizing the Maduro regime based on research conducted from January 2018 to May 2019, highlighting various human rights violations.

On September 23, 2019, the United States, along with 15 other countries, invoked the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (TIAR), also known as the Río Treaty, to support the Venezuelan people and take action against the Maduro regime. This included imposing travel restrictions on 29 individuals associated with the regime. This marked the first time the treaty was invoked since September 11, 2001.

On March 26, 2020, the United States Department of Justice charged Nicolás Maduro and other Venezuelan officials, along with Colombian former FARC members, for narco-terrorism. The charges accused them of shipping cocaine to the US and organizing drug trafficking activities, leading to a reward for information on Maduro's arrest.

Nicolás Maduro announces on state television that two American 'mercenaries' have been captured after a failed coup attempt to overthrow him. The captured individuals, Luke Denman and Airan Berry, are identified along with their alleged affiliations with a Florida-based security services company.

On October 1, 2020, the United Nations rebuked Nicolás Maduro for human rights abuses and violations in Venezuela.

In an interview with Venezuela’s state-run television, President Maduro expresses his willingness to start negotiations with the Venezuelan opposition in August.

The report released by the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Venezuela in September 2021 highlighted the erosion of the independence of the Venezuelan justice system under Nicolás Maduro. It pointed out frequent due process violations, including the use of pre-trial detention as a routine measure and judges sustaining detentions based on manipulated evidence. The report also mentioned external interference in decision-making at all levels.

Venezuela halts ongoing talks with the opposition after the extradition of Colombian businessman Alex Saab to the United States on money laundering charges. Saab is alleged to be a financier for President Maduro.

A new UN report released on September 20, 2022, details the crimes against humanity, including acts of torture, committed by Venezuelan security forces. The report implicates Nicolás Maduro and other high-level officials for giving orders for these crimes.