Mexican Revolution

The Mexican Revolution started in 1910, leading to a decade-long conflict that resulted in significant political and social upheaval in Mexico, ultimately leading to the establishment of a new government.

The Mexican Revolution of 1910 was a major armed struggle that resulted in the overthrow of the long-standing dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz and the establishment of a more democratic government.

On September 27, 1910, Diaz is named Mexican president for an eighth term, setting the stage for further political unrest in Mexico.

On October 11, 1910, Francisco Madero escapes from prison to Texas, initiating his efforts to rebel against Diaz's regime.

On November 19, 1910, during his travel to Mexico, Madero encounters Mexican bandit Doroteo Arango, also known as Pancho Villa, a significant event in the lead-up to the Mexican Revolution.

The Mexican Revolution began with the armed uprising against the regime of President Porfirio Díaz, initiated by Francisco I. Madero's Plan of San Luis Potosí.

In May 7, 1911, battles erupted throughout Mexico as part of the Mexican Revolution. President Diaz offered his resignation amidst the ongoing conflicts.

On May 10, 1911, Emiliano Zapata takes the lead in an uprising of villagers in Morelos, fighting for their land and water rights. This marks the beginning of a series of armed revolts across Mexico.

In May 13, 1911, Orzoco and Villa demanded the execution of federal officers. This led to a split from Madero after his refusal, marking a significant event in the Mexican Revolution.

On May 21, 1911, Madero signed the Treaty of Ciudad with Diaz, a pivotal moment in the Mexican Revolution.

Riots erupted in Mexico City leading to the resignation of President Porfirio Diaz. Francisco Leon de la Barra assumed the role of Mexico's interim president.

A meeting between President Porfirio Diaz and Francisco I. Madero Jr. in Medford, Oregon, as reported in the Medford Mail Tribune on May 26, 1911.

Victoriano Huerta arrived in Cuernavaca with a sizable force to compel the demobilization of Emiliano Zapata and his army, intensifying the conflict during the Mexican Revolution.

Madero emerges victorious in the Mexican presidential election and subsequently takes the oath of office.

Orozoco launches an attack on a train carrying federal soldiers as a move against Madero.

Felix Diaz, along with generals Mondragon and Ruiz, leads a 10-day mutiny against Madero.

On February 18, 1913, General Victoriano Huerta led a coup against President Francisco Madero, resulting in Madero's deposition, arrest, and imprisonment.

Victoriano Huerta assumed the presidency of Mexico after the Pact of the Embassy, following the arrest and subsequent shooting of President Madero and his vice president, José María Pino Suárez.

Victoriano Huerta orders the murders of President Francisco Madero and Vice President José María Pino Suárez, seizing power in Mexico.

Venustiano Carranza leads a rebellion against Victoriano Huerta's regime in Mexico.

Pancho Villa escapes imprisonment and organizes an uprising against Victoriano Huerta in Mexico.

Venustiano Carranza issues the Plan de Guadalupe, officially refusing recognition of Victoriano Huerta as president of Mexico.

Emiliano Zapata officially declares war on Victoriano Huerta's regime in Mexico.

On October 26, 1913, Victoriano Huerta closed the Mexican legislature, having the army surround its building and arresting congressmen perceived to be hostile to his regime. This marked the end of civilian political activity in Mexico and further consolidated Huerta's power.

Victoriano Huerta bombarded Mexico City and had President Madero arrested. President Madero, and Vice President José María Pino Suárez, were both assassinated outside the Lecumberri Palace Prison.

Venustiano Carranza, governor of Coahuila, was declared as the First Chief in the fight against Huerta, with the support of both Villa and Zapata, marking a significant development in the Mexican Revolution.

In June 1914, Victoriano Huerta resigned as the President of Mexico and fled to Europe on a German ship following the pressure from the United States and the internal opposition.

In mid-July 1914, Huerta's position continued to deteriorate, leading to his resignation and fleeing to the Gulf Coast port of Puerto México. Seeking to escape Mexico, he turned to the German government for support and eventually went into exile, marking the end of an era in the Mexican Revolution.

The rival armies of Villa and Obregón clashed in April 1915 in the Battle of Celaya, which lasted from the sixth to the 15th. The victory of the Constitutionalists was complete, and Carranza emerged as the political leader of Mexico with a victorious army to keep him in that position.

On October 19, 1915, the United States officially recognized Venustiano Carranza as the provisional President of Mexico, signaling a shift in international relations during the Mexican Revolution.

The 1917 Constitution of Mexico brought about significant reforms including empowering the state to expropriate resources, major labor reforms, and restrictions on the Catholic Church. It also played a role in the Cristero War and was later amended to roll back some of its provisions.

On February 17, 1917, the constitutional convention organized by Carranza approves the Mexican constitution, which includes provisions for freedom of religion, prohibition of child labor, and equal pay for men and women.

On May 1, 1917, Carranza is officially elected as the president of Mexico.

Emiliano Zapata, a key figure in the Mexican Revolution, was assassinated by agents of President Venustiano Carranza. His death marked the end of his leadership in the movement for land reform and restoration of community rights in Morelos.

Obregón publicly declared his candidacy for the presidency of Mexico, marking a significant step in the country's political landscape.

Carranza is murdered, marking a significant event in the power struggle during the Mexican Revolution.

Obregón is elected as the President of Mexico, signifying the end of the Revolution.

The Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) was established in 1929 as a way to manage political power and succession without resorting to violence. It held the presidency for a significant period and played a key role in Mexican politics.

The 1917 Constitution empowered the government to expropriate holdings of foreign companies, leading to the significant event of the 1938 expropriation of oil in Mexico.

In 1940, President Cárdenas left office at the age of 45, marking the end of the social revolution in Mexico and ushering in a period of relative stability. His departure revealed the illusory hopes of a democratic succession and the electoral endorsement of the regime.

The centennial of the Mexican Revolution in 2010 provided an opportunity to reflect on the historical significance of the events and leaders of the Revolution.