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French Revolution

Period of political change in France

The French Revolution, from 1789 to 1799, was a transformative period in France's history. It began with the Estates General and ended with the coup of 18 Brumaire, leading to the formation of the French Consulate. The Revolution's causes were a mix of social, political, and economic factors, resulting in the overthrow of the monarchy, radical reforms, and the Reign of Terror. It ultimately ended with the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte and the establishment of the French Consulate.

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Timeline

87
French Revolution
The French Revolution began in 1789. It was a period of radical social and political change in France that had a lasting impact on the country and the world.
1789
French Revolution
The French Revolution was a period of radical social and political change in France that had a profound impact on the country and the world. It was influenced by Enlightenment ideals and the opposition between the monarchy and Enlightenment thinkers.
1789-05-04
Robespierre attends the opening of the Estates-General
Robespierre attends the opening of the Estates-General of 1789, marking the beginning of the French Revolution.
1789-05-05
Opening of the Estates-General of 1789
Robespierre attends the opening of the Estates-General of 1789, which marks the beginning of the French Revolution.
1789-06-17
Formation of the National Assembly
On June 17, the deputies of the Third Estate declare themselves the National Assembly following Sieyès' proposal. They decree that taxes need only be paid while the Assembly is in session to gain popular support.
1789-06-20
Collapse of Estates-General
The Estates-General in France collapses as the Third Estate forms the National Assembly to advocate for constitutional reform, posing a direct challenge to the authority of the King. This event marks the beginning of the French Revolution.
1789-06-20
Tennis Court Oath
On June 20, the meeting hall of the Third Estate is closed, leading deputies to gather in the indoor tennis court. They pledge not to disband until a new Constitution is established, known as the Tennis Court Oath.
1789-07-14
Siege and Surrender of the Bastille
The historic event of the Siege and Surrender of the Bastille takes place, marking a significant turning point in the French Revolution.
1789-07-14
Siege and Surrender of the Bastille
The iconic event of the French Revolution, the Siege and Surrender of the Bastille, occurs on July 14, 1789, symbolizing the people's uprising against the monarchy and tyranny.
1789-07-16
King reinstates Necker as finance minister and destruction of the Bastille voted
The King reinstates Necker as the finance minister and withdraws royal troops from Paris. The Paris assembly votes for the destruction of the Bastille fortress.
1789-08-26
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, adopted on August 26, 1789, was a fundamental document of the French Revolution. It proclaimed the principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity, and became a cornerstone of modern human rights law.
1789-08-26
French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen
The Declaration proclaimed that all men are born free and equal in rights, inspired by the principles of the Magna Carta.
1789-08-27
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
On August 27, 1789, the Assembly adopted the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, primarily drafted by Lafayette, marking a significant moment in the French Revolution.
1789-10-05
Storming of the Bastille
The Storming of the Bastille, a symbol of royal tyranny, marks a pivotal moment in the French Revolution as the people seize weapons and ammunition, challenging the authority of the monarchy.
1792
French Revolution
The French Revolution was a period of radical social and political change in France that resulted in the decline of the monarchy and the rise of the republic. It was marked by violence, including the Reign of Terror, and led to significant societal transformation.
1792-04-25
First singing of La Marseillaise
La Marseillaise, composed by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle, is sung for the first time in Strasbourg, becoming an iconic revolutionary anthem that symbolizes the spirit and aspirations of the French Revolution.
1792-06-13
First use of guillotine
The guillotine, a symbol of the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution, was first used for an execution, marking a brutal and significant turning point in the revolution.
1792-08-10
Louis XVI Stripped of Powers
The Legislative Assembly stripped Louis XVI of his powers and declared him a prisoner of the nation. It also decreed the formation of a new assembly called the Convention, which would write a new constitution to replace that of 1791.
1792-08-10
Storming of the Tuileries Palace
On 10 August 1792, a crowd of Parisians stormed the Tuileries Palace due to fear of the foreign army's threat. This event led to the official arrest of Louis XVI three days later.
1792-08-13
Imprisonment of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
The family of Louis XVI of France and Marie Antoinette are imprisoned in the Tower of the Temple in 1792 during the French Revolution.
1792-09-20
French Victory at Valmy and Debut of the Convention
The French army under Generals Dumouriez and Kellermann defeat the Prussians at the Battle of Valmy. The newly elected National Convention also holds its first session and proclaims the abolition of royalty, marking the beginning of the First French Republic.
1792-09-20
Battle of Valmy
On September 20, 1792, the French achieved a significant victory over the Prussian forces at the Battle of Valmy. This battle boosted French morale and marked a turning point in the early stages of the French Revolution.
1792-09-21
Abolition of French Monarchy
The National Convention abolishes the French Monarchy on September 21, 1792, during the French Revolution.
1792-09-21
Abolition of the Monarchy and Proclamation of the First French Republic
The monarchy in France was officially abolished, and the First French Republic was declared on 21 September 1792. Louis XVI was suspended and arrested during the Insurrection of 10 August 1792.
1792-12-11
Trial of Louis XVI
Louis XVI was brought before the National Convention on 11 December to face charges of high treason and crimes against the state. The trial marked a significant moment in the Revolution's struggle against the monarchy.
1793-01-18
Condemnation of Louis XVI
Louis XVI was condemned to death by the National Convention on January 18, 1793, with a vote of 387 to 334. Despite some support for postponing the execution, the final decision on January 19 led to his condemnation to death.
1793-01-21
Execution of King Louis XVI
King Louis XVI of France, now known as Citizen Louis Capet, is executed by guillotine on January 21, 1793.
1793-01-21
Execution of Louis XVI
Louis XVI was found guilty of high treason by the National Convention and was executed by guillotine on 21 January 1793. His death marked the end of more than a thousand years of continuous French monarchy.
1793-06-01
Execution of Louis Capet (King Louis XVI)
Louis XVI, also known as Louis Capet, was executed by guillotine.
1793-09-05
The Reign of Terror Begins
Robespierre, the leader of the Committee of Public Safety, initiates the Reign of Terror by declaring that terror will be the 'order of the day' for the revolutionary government.
1793-09-05
Start of the Reign of Terror
On September 5th, 1793, the Reign of Terror officially began under the leadership of Maximilien Robespierre during the French Revolution. Robespierre established the Committee of Public Safety and initiated a period of violence and executions to eliminate opposition to the Revolution.
1793-10-16
Execution of Marie Antoinette
Marie Antoinette, after being put on trial for treason, theft, and disturbing charges including sexual abuse to her own son, was sent to the guillotine and executed.
1793-10-16
Marie Antoinette Executed
On October 16, 1793, Marie Antoinette, the Queen of France, was executed during the Reign of Terror, marking the culmination of the revolutionary fervor against the monarchy.
1794-06-10
Law of 22 Prairial intensifies the Reign of Terror
The Law of 22 Prairial intensifies the Reign of Terror, leading to more executions during the French Revolution.
1794-07-26
Arrest and execution of Robespierre
Robespierre gives a violent speech at the convention, demanding the arrest and punishment of 'traitors' in the Committees of Public Safety and General Security. The Convention sends Robespierre's speech to the Committees for further study, without immediate action.
1794-07-27
The Fall of Robespierre
Robespierre and his political allies are charged with crimes against the Republic, condemned, and guillotined within two days, leading to the end of the Reign of Terror.
1794-07-27
End of the Reign of Terror
The Reign of Terror led by Maximilien Robespierre came to an end on July 27th, 1794. Robespierre's desperate attempts to uphold the ideals of the Revolution ultimately led to his downfall.
1794-07-28
Arrest and Execution of Robespierre and Supporters
Soldiers loyal to the Convention take the Hôtel de Ville without a fight and arrest Robespierre and his supporters. They are taken to the Revolutionary Tribunal and guillotined in the evening of July 28.
1794-07-28
End of the Terror
Robespierre is arrested and executed, marking the end of the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution.
1799-11-09
Napoleon stages a coup d'état
Napoleon Bonaparte stages a coup d'état on 9 November 1799, abolishing the Directory and appointing himself France’s ‘first consul’. This event marks the end of the French Revolution and the beginning of the Napoleonic era.
1799-11-09
Coup d'état of 18 Brumaire
French troops loyal to Bonaparte occupy key points in Paris, leading to the beginning of the coup. Lucien Bonaparte warns of a 'terrorist' plot and moves the Councils' meetings to the château of Saint-Cloud for security. Bonaparte is appointed Commander-in-chief of the army in Paris.
End of the Timeline
French Revolution

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