American Civil War

The Battle of Gettysburg took place from July 1st to 3rd in 1863, marking a turning point in the American Civil War with a Union victory.

The Kansas-Nebraska Act effectively repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820, which had prohibited slavery north of the latitude of 36 degrees 30 minutes in the former Louisiana Territory. This repeal opened the possibility of Kansas and Nebraska becoming slave states, leading to significant controversy and contributing to the tensions that led to the American Civil War.

Abraham Lincoln was elected as the 16th President of the United States in 1860, which played a significant role in escalating tensions between the North and South, ultimately leading to the Civil War.

In 1860, South Carolina seceded from the Union, a pivotal event that triggered the start of the American Civil War. This marked a significant turning point in American history.

Abraham Lincoln, an anti-slavery Republican, was elected as president on November 6, 1860, which led to the first round of state secession in the United States.

South Carolina becomes the first state to secede from the Union by adopting an Ordinance of Secession, leading to the formation of the Confederate States of America.

The Civil War commences in 1861, with Rockefeller and other northern businessmen hiring substitutes to avoid military service. Despite initial disruptions, the war ultimately spurs economic growth in the North, aiding Rockefeller's rapid rise.

On February 4, 1861, the southern states that had seceded assembled delegates at Montgomery, Alabama to organize the Confederate States of America, marking a pivotal moment in the lead-up to the American Civil War.

Abraham Lincoln is inaugurated as the sixteenth president of the United States in Washington, DC.

The Civil War begins, leading to the halt of all trade activities along the Mississippi River. This event marks the end of Mark Twain's career as a riverboat pilot.

Confederate forces fire upon Fort Sumter, South Carolina, marking the formal beginning of the Civil War.

Confederate rebels initiated the attack on Fort Sumpter, marking the beginning of the Civil War.

President Lincoln issues a public declaration calling for 75,000 militia to stop the rebellion, leading to the secession of Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee from the Union.

The Battle of Philippi occurred on June 30, 1861. It was an early engagement of the American Civil War, resulting in casualties for both the Union and the Confederacy.

The Battle of Bull Run (or First Manassas) is fought near Manassas, Virginia. The Union Army initially succeeds but faces reverses after the arrival of Confederate troops under General Joseph E. Johnston.

The Battle of Antietam, also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg, was a crucial engagement during the American Civil War. It took place on September 17, 1862, and is considered the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with significant casualties on both sides.

A significant battle occurring on February 11, 1862, which led to a high number of casualties totaling 17,398, with 2,331 from the Union and 15,067 from the Confederate forces.

The Battle of Hampton Roads, fought on March 8, 1862, was a historic naval clash between the ironclad warships USS Monitor and CSS Virginia. It revolutionized naval warfare and had a profound impact on future naval designs.

The Battle of Shiloh, fought on April 6-7, 1862, was a major engagement in the Western Theater of the Civil War. It resulted in heavy casualties and highlighted the brutal nature of the conflict.

The Battle of Antietam, also known as Sharpsburg, took place in Maryland and was the bloodiest single day of the Civil War. It resulted in the end of Confederate General Lee's first invasion of the North.

Following the US victory at Antietam, President Lincoln introduced the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, announcing his intention to declare all enslaved people free on January 1, 1863 if those places remained in rebellion at that time.

After the Union victory at Antietam, President Abraham Lincoln issued a preliminary Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, 1862. This proclamation declared that all slaves in the rebellious states would be free as of January 1, 1863, marking a significant turning point in the Civil War and the fight for human freedom.

The Battle of Fredericksburg took place on December 13, 1862, resulting in casualties of 17,929, including 13,353 Union soldiers and 4,576 Confederate soldiers.

The Battle of Stones River in Tennessee, fought between the US Army of the Cumberland and the Confederate Army of Tennessee, resulted in a costly Federal victory that freed middle Tennessee from Confederate control and boosted Northern morale.

The Emancipation Proclamation, a war measure that declared enslaved people in rebelling states to be free and authorized the enlistment of black troops, went into effect. It was a crucial turning point in the United States' war and marked a shift towards building a better Union without slavery.

On January 1, 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation issued by President Abraham Lincoln went into effect, officially declaring all slaves in the rebellious states to be free. Although it did not immediately free all slaves, it was a crucial step towards ending slavery and transforming the Civil War into a battle for human freedom.

The Battle of Chancellorsville in Virginia resulted in US General Joseph Hooker's failed plan to flank Lee, leading to Union forces' retreat. The battle was marred by high casualties, including the mortal wounding of 'Stonewall' Jackson, who died on May 10. This event led to Lee's request to invade the North and take the war out of Virginia.

Union General Grant won several victories around Vicksburg, Mississippi, the fortified city considered essential to the Union's plans to regain control of the Mississippi River. After six weeks, Confederate General John Pemberton surrendered, giving up the city and 30,000 men. The capture of Port Hudson, Louisiana, shortly thereafter placed the entire Mississippi River in Union hands. The Confederacy was split in two.

The Battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, commences and becomes the bloodiest battle of the Civil War, shattering Robert E. Lee's aspirations for a successful invasion of the North.

The week-long Draft Riot in New York City, triggered by the passage of America's first federal Conscription Act, saw more than 15,000 angry men, mainly Irish immigrants, causing widespread destruction and targeting the rich, powerful, and black population.

Vicksburg, Mississippi, surrenders to the US Army under Grant, granting the United States complete control of the Mississippi River, a crucial supply line for the Confederate states in the west. Meanwhile, at Gettysburg, Lee begins his retreat to Virginia.

President Lincoln dedicated a portion of the Gettysburg battlefield as a national cemetery and delivered his memorable 'Gettysburg Address,' which emphasized the principles of equality and democracy.

During the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House in the American Civil War, an unidentified Confederate sniper shot Major General John Sedgwick from a distance of at least 730 meters, causing delays in the Union's attack and leading to a Confederate victory.

Abraham Lincoln was reelected as the president of the United States.

On March 4, 1865, President Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated for his second term as president in Washington, DC.

Abraham Lincoln is fatally shot approximately six weeks after his second inauguration, leading to Vice-President Andrew Johnson assuming the presidency.

Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrenders to Union General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House, effectively ending the American Civil War.

The American Civil War comes to an end, signifying a crucial moment in American history and the resolution of the conflict between the Union and the Confederacy.

President Abraham Lincoln is assassinated by actor John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theater in Washington, DC. On the same day, Fort Sumter, South Carolina is re-occupied by US troops.

The final surrender of Confederate troops on the western periphery came in Galveston, Texas, on June 2, 1865, signifying the end of significant military resistance in the American Civil War.

The Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is ratified in December, effectively abolishing slavery throughout the United States.