JD.com, formerly known as 360buy, was founded by Liu Qiangdong on June 18, 1998. It started as an online magneto-optical store and later diversified its products.

In 2003, JD.com started its entrepreneurial journey by shifting offline businesses to the online realm.

In January 2004, JD Multimedia (jdblaser.com) was launched, signifying JD.com's formal foray into e-commerce.

In June 2007, JD.com changed its domain name to 360buy.com and was renamed Jingdong Mall.

In October 2008, the company expanded its product offerings and initiated the development of a self-built logistics network to enhance delivery efficiency.

On December 10, 2010, JD.com's founder Liu Qiangdong announced through his Weibo account that every book sold on JD.com would be priced 20 percent cheaper than its competitors, with Dangdang being speculated as the main rival in online book sales. This marked the beginning of a price war between the two companies.

The price war between JD.com and Dangdang officially began on December 14, 2010, with JD.com offering books at lower prices than Dangdang. This led to competitive discount offers from both companies to attract customers.

On December 16, 2010, Dangdang announced an investment of 40 million Chinese yuan to provide discounts to customers in response to JD.com's pricing strategy. JD.com retaliated by launching a second promotion to sell books at even lower prices.

On December 21, 2011, Dangdang launched its electronic book service with over 50,000 e-books available at significantly lower prices compared to physical books. This move intensified the competition in the electronic books market.

On February 20, 2012, JD.com entered the e-book selling business by offering customers a wide selection of electronic books along with discounts. This marked the beginning of a new phase in the price war between JD.com and Dangdang.

On April 17, 2013, Dangdang made most of its e-books available for free download on its website. In response, JD.com priced 50,000 electronic books at 0 yuan to match the offer, leading to criticism from authors like Liu Zhenyou for the impact on book publishers.

In March 2014, JD.com and Tencent joined forces to create a strategic partnership aimed at developing a new model of social e-commerce globally.

In May 2014, JD.com became the first major e-commerce company from China to be listed on NASDAQ, a significant milestone for the company.

In 2015, JD.com expanded its global business by launching a Russian site.

In July 2016, JD.com became the first Chinese internet company to join the prestigious Fortune Global 500 list, highlighting its rapid growth and success in the e-commerce industry.

In February 2017, Walmart increased its investment in JD.com to 289.1 million shares, or 12.1%.

In June 2017, JD.com invested $397 million into Farfetch, a luxury brand marketplace, as part of a strategic partnership.

In July 2017, JD.com and Walmart launched the first annual JD-Walmart shopping festival.

In November 2017, JD.com achieved a sales record of US$19.1 billion on Singles' Day.

In January 2018, JD.com opened its first chain of high-tech supermarkets called 7Fresh.

In February 2018, JD.com invested in France & the UK, and also released its spin-off JD Finance, raising $2.1 billion in a capital raise.

JD.com hosts its annual conference, indicating a move towards a technology-focused business model.

JD Retail is formally established as part of JD.com's business operations.

In November 2019, JD.com removed all items related to Houston Rockets in response to a tweet about Hong Kong.

In April 2020, JD.com confidentially filed for a second listing in Hong Kong.

In June 2020, JD.com successfully completed its secondary listing on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (HKEx), expanding its presence in the financial markets.

In August 2020, JD.com announced an investment of $830 million in its JD Health unit provided by Hillhouse Capital.

On February 17, 2021, JD stock reached its all-time high closing price of 99.91. This marked a significant milestone for the company in terms of stock performance.

In January 2022, JD.com partnered with Shopify to sell Shopify's brands via its cross-border e-commerce site in China.

In 2023, JD.com achieved a significant milestone as its revenues exceeded 1 trillion RMB for the first time, showcasing its strong financial performance.