Raphael

Tradition suggests that Raphael was apprenticed to the painter Pietro Vannucci, also known as Perugino, during the Early Italian Renaissance period.

Raphael, born on March 28, 1483 in Urbino, Italy, was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance known for his clarity of form and visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur.

Raphael, the renowned Italian painter and architect, was born in Urbino, Italy.

On April 16, 1483, the talented artist Raphael was born, known for his contributions to the High Renaissance art movement.

Mágia di Battista di Nicola Ciarla, Raphael's mother, passes away due to a fever in 1491.

Raphael's childhood is deeply affected by the death of his mother, Mágia, due to puerperal fever on October 7. This event marks a significant loss in his early life.

Tragically, an unnamed infant girl, believed to be Raphael's sister, passes away on October 25. This further adds to the sorrow in Raphael's childhood.

Giovanni Santi, Raphael's father, passed away in 1494.

Raphael becomes an orphan following the death of his father in 1494.

On July 27, Giovanni Santi signs a will naming his son Raphael, who has recently turned 11, as his only heir.

Giovanni Santi passes away on August 1, supposedly due to malaria. Before his death, he prepares and signs a will on July 27, naming his 11-year-old son Raphael as his sole heir.

Raphael became an apprentice to the renowned artist Perugino in 1495, where he learned most of his techniques and acquired professional instruction in painting. This experience greatly influenced his artistic style.

In 1495, Raphael starts his apprenticeship under the guidance of Perugino, which lasts for a decade.

Raphael embarks on a journey to Perugia in 1495.

Raphael began working as an assistant to Pietro Perugino around 1500. The influence of Perugino on Raphael's early work was significant, with many art historians noting the similarities in their techniques and styles.

In 1504, Raphael travels to Siena for artistic purposes.

On May 22, 1504, an artwork titled 'The Marriage of the Virgin' was painted.

In 1505, Raphael continued to expand his artistic skills and knowledge by learning new styles and techniques. This period of professional growth further solidified his reputation as a talented artist.

A painting by Raphael showing the Virgin Mary with the infant Jesus and John the Baptist, with the latter holding a goldfinch bird. It represents the Holy Family.

Raphael was commissioned to create the painting 'Deposition of Christ' in 1507.

Raphael received a call from the Pope to relocate to Rome, a significant event that marked a new chapter in his artistic career.

On May 16, 1508, Raphael was called to Rome by the Pope.

A painting by Raphael showing the Virgin Mary with the infant Jesus and John the Baptist, set against a landscape background. It is named after its former owner, the Alba family.

On May 22, 1511, Raphael painted 'The Triumph of Galatea'.

In 1512, the renowned Italian Renaissance artist Raphael created the masterpiece known as the Sistine Madonna.

In approximately 1513, Raphael painted the Galatea fresco in the Villa Farnesina in Rome. This fresco is known for its grand scale and artistic brilliance.

On May 5, 1514, Raphael was appointed as the chief architect at St. Peter's Basilica.

On May 22, 1516, Raphael was appointed as the first Superintendent of Antiquities in Rome, a significant position in the preservation and study of ancient artifacts.

In 1518, Raphael designed the sumptuous Villa Madama located just north of the Vatican, demonstrating his architectural prowess and contribution to the Roman architectural landscape.

In 1519, Raphael proposed to move an obelisk from the Mausoleum of Augustus to St. Peter's Square for a sum of 90,000 ducats. Unfortunately, his untimely death prevented him from completing this project, which aimed to create an archaeological map of ancient Rome.

Raphael passed away on April 6, 1520, in Rome at the age of 37. Despite his early death, he left behind a large body of work and was considered one of the great masters of the High Renaissance period.

Baldassare Castiglione's classic work, The Book of the Courtier, was published in 1528, depicting the virtues of the Italian humanist court. It set the model for courtly behavior and etiquette.

In 1550, Giorgio Vasari wrote an extensive biography of Raphael as part of his 'Lives of the Artists'. This biography provided valuable insights into Raphael's life and artistic contributions.

By the year 1900, Raphael's popularity was surpassed by Michelangelo and Leonardo, possibly as a reaction against the diluted Raphaelism of 19th-century academic artists like Bouguereau.

Giorgio Vasari's famous work, Lives of the Painters, Sculptors and Architects, was translated by Gaston du C. de Vere and published in 1912.

Art historian Bernard Berenson in 1952 described Raphael as the 'most famous and most loved' master of the High Renaissance, highlighting his significant impact on art history.

James Beck's work, Raphael before Rome, was published in 1986, exploring Raphael's early life and artistic development.

A publication titled Raphael in the Early Modern Sources, edited by John Shearman, was released in 2003, shedding light on Raphael's influence and legacy.

In 2004, a publication titled Raphael: From Urbino to Rome, edited by Hugo Chapman, Tom Henry, and Carol Plazzotta, delved into Raphael's journey from Urbino to Rome.

In 2005, The Cambridge Companion to Raphael, edited by Marcia B. Hall, offered a comprehensive look at the artist's life and works.

Christian Kleinbub's work, Vision and the Visionary in Raphael, was published in 2011, exploring the themes of vision and imagination in Raphael's art.