From February to May in the year 1398, an EVD outbreak caused by Zaire ebolavirus was reported in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. There were 12 reported cases with 6 deaths, resulting in a 50% fatality rate.

EVD outbreak in Democratic Republic of the Congo

Ebola virus disease (EVD) was identified in 1976 during outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Sudan. It is a severe disease caused by the Ebola virus, affecting humans and other primates.

Discovery of Ebola Virus Disease

In 1976, an Ebola outbreak occurred in Mongala Province, Zaire (now Democratic Republic of the Congo), resulting in 318 cases and 280 deaths with a case fatality rate of 88%.

Ebola Outbreak in Democratic Republic of the Congo

In 1976, South Sudan experienced an Ebola outbreak in Western Equatoria State and Central Equatoria State, with 284 cases and 151 deaths, yielding a case fatality rate of 53%.

Ebola Outbreak in South Sudan

The Ebola virus was first discovered in 1976 after two outbreaks of a mysterious illness in Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is a highly infectious and often fatal virus that can be transmitted through direct contact with bodily fluids.

Discovery of Ebola Virus

In 1976, a laboratory-acquired Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) infection was reported in England due to insufficient infection control measures.

Laboratory-acquired EVD infection in England

In 1976, the first known outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) occurred in Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The disease is highly infectious and can lead to severe hemorrhagic fever.

Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) Outbreak

In the management of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) and other viral hemorrhagic fevers, strict infection control measures are crucial. This includes isolation of patients, barrier nursing techniques, and proper disinfection of non-disposable protective equipment.

Infection Control Measures for EVD

The bodies of individuals who have died from Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) remain highly infectious. Therefore, prompt and safe burial or cremation of the deceased is essential to prevent further transmission of the disease.

Safe Burial Practices for EVD Victims

In 1976, the United Kingdom reported its first case of Ebola, caused by the Zaire ebolavirus. The case did not result in any deaths.

First Reported Ebola Case in the United Kingdom

The Ebola Zaire virus was discovered in 1976. It was a significant event in the history of infectious diseases.

Discovery of Ebola Zaire Virus

In 1976, the first recognition of Ebola Virus Disease occurred in the Équateur province of Sudan. The outbreak was linked to the Yambuku Mission Hospital, where the index case was treated with an injection for possible malaria, leading to subsequent transmission through contaminated needles and close personal contact.

First Recognition of Ebola Virus Disease

In 1976, an Ebola outbreak occurred in Zaire (now Democratic Republic of the Congo), caused by the Zaire ebolavirus. The outbreak resulted in 318 reported cases with a high fatality rate of 88%. The index case was linked to the Yambuku Mission Hospital, highlighting the importance of infection control measures.

Ebola Outbreak in Zaire

The 1976 outbreak in Tandala, Zaire was the first recognition of Ebola Virus Disease. It occurred in the Équateur province, with most cases linked to Yambuku village. The index case was treated at the Yambuku Mission Hospital with an injection for possible malaria, leading to subsequent transmission through contaminated needles and syringes.

In 1976, an outbreak of Ebola haemorrhagic fever occurred in Sudan. The World Health Organization conducted a study on this outbreak and published a report in 1978.

Ebola Haemorrhagic Fever Outbreak in Sudan

The Ebola virus was first discovered in 1976 near the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is a deadly virus that causes Ebola virus disease (EVD).

Ebola virus was first discovered in 1976 during outbreaks in remote villages in Central Africa near tropical rainforests. It was initially known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever.

Ebola virus was first discovered in 1976 near the Ebola River in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

The first Ebola outbreak occurred in 1976 near the Ebola River in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

First Ebola Outbreak

The Ebola virus was first discovered in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks in Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Ebola virus disease was first identified in humans in 1976 in South Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo (formerly Zaire). Since then, several outbreaks have occurred in central and western Africa.

Discovery of Ebola virus disease in South Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo

The first reported case of Ebola in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1977 was noted retrospectively in the village of Tandala, with no known connection to the original Ebola outbreak in 1976, indicating the virus may be enzootic in the area.

First Reported Ebola Case in Democratic Republic of the Congo

A case of Ebola virus infection was reported in 1977, marking an early instance of the virus affecting humans.

Ebola Virus Infection Case

In 1977, a retrospective Ebola case was noted in the village of Tandala, with no known connection to the original 1976 Ebola outbreak. This case indicated that the Ebola virus may be enzootic in the area.

Retrospective Ebola Case in Tandala

An outbreak of Sudan ebolavirus occurred in the towns of Nzara and Yambio, with 34 reported cases and 22 deaths (65% fatality rate). The index patient worked at a textile factory, which was initially suspected as the source but later ruled out.

Sudan ebolavirus outbreak in Nzara and Yambio

In 1979, an outbreak of Sudan ebolavirus occurred in Sudan, with 34 reported cases and 22 deaths.

Sudan Ebola Virus Outbreak

The study discusses the hospital dissemination and intrafamilial spread of Ebola virus disease in southern Sudan in 1983.

Ebola Virus Disease in Southern Sudan

Reston ebolavirus (RESTV) was first detected in 1989 in Reston, Virginia, US, in a colony of monkeys imported from the Philippines. It caused severe illness in non-human primates but not in humans.

Discovery of Reston ebolavirus (RESTV)

In 1989, Reston ebolavirus, which does not cause illness in people, was reported in the Philippines.

Reston Ebolavirus in the Philippines

In 1989, Ebola-Reston virus was introduced into primate-holding facilities in Reston, Virginia; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Alice, Texas by monkeys imported from the Philippines. Four people developed antibodies but did not show any symptoms of Ebola virus disease.

Introduction of Ebola-Reston virus into primate-holding facilities in the US

Ebola-Reston virus was introduced into primate-holding facilities in Reston, Virginia; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Alice, Texas by monkeys imported from the Philippines. Four people developed antibodies but never experienced symptoms of Ebola virus disease.

Introduction of Ebola-Reston virus into primate-holding facilities in the USA

In 1990, the Centers for Disease Control reported an update on Filovirus infection in animal handlers in the Morbidity Mortality Weekly Report.

Filovirus Infection Update in Animal Handlers

A study was conducted to investigate the presence of filovirus related to Ebola in the Philippines. Three workers in the animal facility developed antibodies but did not show symptoms of Ebola Virus Disease.

Seroepidemiological study of filovirus related to Ebola in the Philippines

In 1992, the Ebola-Reston virus was introduced into quarantine facilities in Sienna, Italy by monkeys imported from the Philippines. Fortunately, no human infections were reported.

Introduction of Ebola-Reston Virus in Italy

High mortality among Cynomolgus macaques was discovered in a primate facility in the Philippines. The outbreak was caused by an Ebola-related filovirus.

Outbreak of fatal illness among captive macaques in the Philippines

Ebola-Reston virus was introduced into quarantine facilities in Sienna through monkeys imported from the Philippines. This virus does not cause illness in humans, and no infections were reported in people despite the introduction of the virus.

Introduction of Ebola-Reston virus into quarantine facilities in Sienna

Since 1994, outbreaks of Ebola virus disease have been recognized with increasing frequency. This marked a resurgence in the occurrence of the disease after a period of dormancy.

Resurgence of Ebola Outbreaks

In 1994, a single case of Ebola was reported in Cote d'Ivoire caused by the Taï Forest ebolavirus. Fortunately, there were no reported deaths in this isolated case.

Ebola Case in Cote d'Ivoire

In 1994, a new strain of Ebola virus was discovered in the Taï Forest of Cote d'Ivoire after a scientist conducting an autopsy on a wild chimpanzee became ill. The patient was treated in Switzerland and recovered.

Taï Forest Ebola Outbreak in Cote d'Ivoire

An outbreak of Ebola hemorrhagic fever occurred in several gold mining villages deep in the rainforest around Makakou in Gabon. Initially mistaken for yellow fever, researchers later found out that Ebola virus was involved in the outbreak.

Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Outbreak in Gabon

In the spring of 1994, an outbreak of Ebola occurred in the village of Mayibout 2 near the Ivindo River in Gabon. The outbreak was linked to the consumption of a dead chimpanzee found in the forest by hunters, resulting in illness among those involved in butchering the animal.

Consumption of Dead Chimpanzee Leads to Ebola Outbreak

In 1995, an Ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreak occurred in the village of Mayibout 2, Gabon. The outbreak was linked to the consumption of a dead chimpanzee found in the forest by hunters, resulting in 31 reported cases and 21 deaths (68% fatality rate).

In 1995, an Ebola outbreak occurred in Kikwit and surrounding areas of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The outbreak started with a charcoal maker in the forested regions near the city and spread through families and hospitals. Proper protective measures in healthcare settings helped halt transmission.

In 1995, a scientist conducting an autopsy on a wild chimpanzee in the Taï Forest became ill, leading to the discovery of a new strain of Ebola virus. The high mortality in the chimpanzee population raised concerns about a potential outbreak.

Discovery of a new strain of Ebola virus in Taï Forest chimpanzees

In 1995, an Ebola outbreak occurred in several gold mining villages deep in the rainforest around Makakou, Gabon. Initially mistaken for yellow fever, researchers later identified the outbreak as caused by the Zaire ebolavirus.

Ebola outbreak in Gabon

In 1995, an outbreak of Zaire ebolavirus occurred, with 315 reported cases and 254 deaths (81% fatality rate). The situation was critical and required significant public health interventions.

Ebola Outbreak in 1995

In 1995, an Ebola outbreak occurred in Kikwit and surrounding areas, starting with a charcoal maker in the forested areas near the city. The epidemic spread through families and hospitals, but transmission in healthcare settings was halted with the implementation of proper protective measures.

Ebola Outbreak in Kikwit and Surrounding Areas

In 1996, a laboratory-acquired Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) infection was reported in Russia due to insufficient infection control measures.

Laboratory-acquired EVD infection in Russia

In 1996, a Russian laboratory worker was infected with the Ebola virus while working on an experimental treatment for Ebola. The incident highlighted the risks associated with handling dangerous pathogens.

Ebola Infection in Russian Laboratory Worker

Ebola-Reston virus was discovered in a monkey export facility in the Philippines in 1996. No human infections were reported.

Identification of Ebola-Reston virus in a monkey export facility in the Philippines

In 1996, a medical professional who traveled from Gabon to Johannesburg, South Africa, after treating Ebola-infected patients, was hospitalized and recovered. A nurse treating him became infected and unfortunately died.

Ebola Outbreak in South Africa

In 1996, an Ebola outbreak occurred in Booué, Gabon, with 60 reported cases and 45 deaths (75% fatality rate). The outbreak started with a hunter in a logging camp who spread the virus to others, including reports of dead chimpanzees in the area.

Ebola Outbreak in Gabon

In 1996, an Ebola outbreak occurred in Booué, Gabon during the fall season. The index patient was a hunter residing in a logging camp, and the virus spread through close contact with infected individuals. Several dead chimpanzees were found in the area, and testing confirmed that one of them was infected with the Ebola virus.

Ebola Outbreak in Booué, Gabon

In 1996, the first known occurrence of Ebola-Reston in pigs was reported. The strain was similar to earlier strains, and six workers from a pig farm and slaughterhouse developed antibodies without experiencing symptoms of Ebola Virus Disease.

First known occurrence of Ebola-Reston in pigs

In 1996, the Ebola-Reston virus was identified in a monkey export facility in the Philippines. Fortunately, no human infections were reported.

Identification of Ebola-Reston virus in a monkey export facility

In 1996, a Russian laboratory worker was infected with the Ebola virus while working on an experimental treatment for Ebola.

Infection of Zaire ebolavirus during Experimental Treatment

In 1996, the Zaire ebolavirus species was identified in South Africa, adding to the understanding of the different strains of the Ebola virus and their geographical distribution.

Discovery of Zaire ebolavirus in South Africa

A medical professional traveled from Gabon to Johannesburg, South Africa, after being exposed to the virus while treating Ebola-infected patients. He recovered after being hospitalized, but a nurse who treated him became infected and died.

Reston ebolavirus, a species that does not cause illness in people, was reported in 1996. There were no reported cases or deaths related to this virus.

Reston Ebolavirus

In 1996, an outbreak of Ebola occurred in Gabon, which was contained to one village. Dr. Pierre Rollin, a world expert on Ebola, discussed this outbreak during the epidemic.

Ebola-Reston virus was introduced into a quarantine facility in Texas by monkeys imported from the Philippines in 1999. No human infections were identified.

Introduction of Ebola-Reston virus into a quarantine facility in Texas

In 2000, an outbreak of Ebola occurred in Yambio County, South Sudan, coinciding with a measles outbreak in the same area. Some suspected cases of Ebola were later identified as measles cases.

Outbreak of Ebola in Yambio County, South Sudan

In 2000, an Ebola outbreak caused by Sudan ebolavirus occurred in Uganda, with 425 reported cases and 224 deaths (53% fatality rate). The outbreak started in Gulu and spread to Masindi and Mbarara districts, highlighting the importance of community action and timely messaging to control the spread.

Ebola Outbreak in Uganda

During the 2000 outbreak in Uganda, there were failed responses to the Ebola virus disease. This led to the establishment of the World Health Organization's Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network.

The first reported outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in the Republic of the Congo occurred in October 2001. The outbreak was linked to hunting and contact with wildlife in the Mbomo and Kéllé districts in the western part of the country.

First EVD Outbreak in Republic of the Congo

In October 2001, an outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) caused by Zaire ebolavirus was reported in Gabon. The outbreak resulted in 65 reported cases with a high fatality rate of 81%.

EVD Outbreak in Gabon

In 2001, an Ebola outbreak occurred in Gabon and the Republic of the Congo, affecting areas like La Zadié, Ivindo, and Mpassa districts. The outbreak was initially observed in nonhuman primates, leading to human cases linked to hunting and wildlife contact.

Ebola Outbreak in Gabon and Republic of the Congo

In 2001, an Ebola outbreak occurred over the border of Gabon and the Republic of the Congo. The affected areas included La Zadié, Ivindo, and Mpassa districts. The outbreak was associated with hunting and contact with wildlife in the surrounding area.

In 2002, an outbreak of Ebola occurred in Uganda, as reported in the Tropical Medicine and International Health journal. The outbreak resulted in multiple cases and deaths.

An outbreak of Ebola occurred in Uganda, starting in Gulu and spreading to Masindi and Mbarara districts. Community action and local government support played a critical role in controlling the outbreak by providing correct and timely messaging to limit the spread of harmful rumors.

In November-December 2003, an Ebola outbreak caused by Zaire ebolavirus occurred in Mbomo district in the Cuvette Ouest Département of the Republic of the Congo. The outbreak resulted in 35 reported cases with 29 deaths (83% fatality rate). Community mobilization efforts targeted women, who are often primary caretakers in families and communities.

Ebola Outbreak in Mbomo District, Republic of the Congo

Between November and December 2003, an Ebola outbreak caused by Zaire ebolavirus was reported. There were 35 cases with 29 deaths, resulting in an 83% fatality rate.

Ebola outbreak

From January to April 2004, another outbreak of Ebola caused by Zaire ebolavirus occurred in the Republic of the Congo. Specific community meetings were held for women in local villages to address their role as primary caretakers during outbreaks.

Ebola Outbreak in Republic of the Congo

Two hunters died in Etoumbi Medical Center in April 2005, leading to the rapid deployment of a response team by the Ministry of Health. The majority of cases were among hunters, patient caretakers, and funeral attendees.

Ebola Outbreak in Etoumbi, Republic of the Congo

In April 2005, two hunters died in Etoumbi Medical Center, leading to an Ebola outbreak. The Ministry of Health sent a response team to the site, where most cases were among hunters, patient caretakers, and funeral attendees. The outbreak was declared over by WHO on July 8, 2005.

Ebola outbreak in Etoumbi, Republic of Congo

In 2006, a Russian laboratory worker was infected with the Ebola virus while working on research related to hemorrhagic fevers. The incident raised concerns about laboratory safety protocols.

Russian Laboratory Worker Infected with Ebola Virus

An outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Luebo and Mweke health zones in the Kasai Occidental Province was declared over on November 20, 2007. Radio broadcasts were utilized to inform the local population about the spread and prevention of EVD.

Ebola Outbreak Declared Over in Kasai Occidental Province

In 2008, RESTV was isolated from sick pigs in the Philippines. Several animal facility workers developed antibodies to the virus, but none of them reported any symptoms.

Isolation of RESTV from sick pigs in the Philippines

In 2008, there were 6 reported cases of Reston ebolavirus in the Philippines. This strain does not cause illness in people, with all reported cases being asymptomatic and no deaths recorded.

Reston ebolavirus cases in the Philippines

The World Health Organization declared the end of the Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which occurred in the Mweka and Luebo health zones in the Kasai Occidental province. Several international partners were involved in the response.

End of the Ebola Outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

A patient with suspected Ebola died on May 6, 2011, in the Luwero district. The outbreak was contained due to early suspicion of hemorrhagic fever, proper use of protective equipment, and rapid confirmation of Ebola virus through local laboratory testing.

Suspected Ebola Death in Luwero District

In June 2012, an Ebola outbreak occurred in the Kibaale District of Uganda. The outbreak was caused by the Sudan ebolavirus, with 11 reported cases and 4 deaths (36% fatality rate). Laboratory tests were conducted by the Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI) and CDC.

Ebola Outbreak in Kibaale District, Uganda

In December 2013, a one or two-year-old boy named Emile Ouamouno, who later became the index case of the Western African Ebola epidemic, died in Guinea. The spread of the virus was linked to bats, and the disease initially went unrecognized before being identified as Ebola.

Index case of Western African Ebola epidemic identified

The index case of the Ebola outbreak in Meliandou, Guinea is suspected to have occurred after a child had contact with an insectivorous bat from a colony of Angolan free-tailed bats near the village, leading to a chain of events involving fruit bats and land mammals.

Initial Zoonotic Transmission Event in Meliandou, Guinea

In December 2013, the initial case of the Ebola virus was reported in Guinea, with an 18-month-old boy believed to have been infected by bats. This marked the beginning of the Ebola outbreak in West Africa.

Index Patient Reported in Guinea

On January 24, 2014, an official medical alert was issued in Guinea after five additional cases of fatal diarrhea occurred in a small village. This alert was directed to district health officials to address the emerging health crisis.

Official Medical Alert Issued in Guinea

By March 13, 2014, the Ebola virus had spread to Guinea's capital city of Conakry, prompting the Ministry of Health to issue an alert for an unidentified illness. This marked a significant escalation in the outbreak.

Ebola Spreads to Conakry, Guinea

The West African Ebola epidemic began with cases of EVD in southeastern Guinea in March 23, 2014. It later spread to Liberia and Sierra Leone, causing devastation due to weak surveillance and fragile public health infrastructure.

Start of West African Ebola Epidemic

The West African Ebola epidemic, the largest in history, began with cases in southeastern Guinea and later spread to Liberia and Sierra Leone. Weak surveillance and fragile public health infrastructure made it challenging to identify cases, while poor infection control measures and strained healthcare systems worsened the outbreak.

The West African Ebola epidemic, the largest in history, began with cases in southeastern Guinea and later spread to Liberia and Sierra Leone. Weak surveillance and fragile public health infrastructure made it challenging to identify cases, while poor infection control measures and strained health care systems worsened the outbreak.

On March 23, 2014, with 49 confirmed cases and 29 deaths, the World Health Organization officially declared an outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD). This declaration highlighted the severity and urgency of the situation.

WHO Declares Ebola Outbreak

The Ebola outbreak in Guinea started on March 23, 2014.

Ebola Outbreak in Guinea

On March 25, 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) indicated that Guinea had reported an outbreak of Ebola virus disease, with cases also being investigated in Liberia and Sierra Leone, marking the early stages of the epidemic.

Guinea reports outbreak of Ebola virus disease

Patrick Sawyer, the index case for Nigeria, died on 24 July 2014 due to Ebola.

Death of Patrick Sawyer

Sierra Leonean doctor Sheik Umar Khan died on 29 July 2014 after contracting Ebola.

Death of Sheik Umar Khan

On July 29, 2014, Sierra Leone's 'hero' doctor passed away during the 2014-2016 Ebola epidemic. The doctor's death was a significant event during the outbreak.

Death of Sierra Leone's 'Hero' Doctor

On July 31, 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) along with regional leaders initiated an intensified response plan to combat the Ebola outbreak.

WHO and regional leaders launch intensified Ebola outbreak response plan

On August 1, 2014, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released guidelines for infection prevention and control specifically tailored for hospitalized patients with known or suspected Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever in U.S. hospitals.

CDC issues Ebola guidelines for infection prevention and control

On August 1, 2014, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued guidelines for the evaluation of U.S. patients suspected of having Ebola Virus Disease.

CDC issues guidelines for evaluation of US patients suspected of having Ebola Virus Disease

On August 5, 2014, Brother Miguel Pajares, a volunteer in Liberia, was confirmed to have Ebola. He was evacuated to Spain but unfortunately died. Spain also faced cases of Ebola transmission within the country.

Ebola cases in Spain

Ebola virus outbreaks in various countries since 1996. The 2013-2016 epidemic in West Africa was the most widespread. First discovered in 1976 near the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

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