On 9 November 1918, following the end of World War I and the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II, the Weimar Republic was proclaimed in Germany, marking the establishment of a constitutional federal republic for the first time in the country's history.

The Executive Council of the Workers' and Soldiers' Councils introduced the Provisional Act for Agricultural Labour, which set regulations for working conditions in the agricultural sector, including notice periods, breaks for female and child workers, and the establishment of workers' committees.

On November 30, 1918, the Council of People's Deputies announced elections for a constituent national assembly to write a constitution for the new republic.

The National Congress of Councils took place from 16 to 21 December 1918, where elections for a provisional National Assembly were scheduled.

A mutiny by the Volksmarinedivision on 23/24 December 1918 led to street fighting and a rift between the MSPD and USPD within the Council of the People's Deputies.

The fighting between the socialist revolutionary Volksmarinedivision and the German army during the Christmas crisis on December 24, 1918, resulted in 67 deaths.

During Ebert's time as chairman of the 'Council of the People's Deputies', he served alongside the Independent Social Democrat Hugo Haase until December 29, 1918.

The Communist Party of Germany (KPD) was founded in Berlin on December 31, 1918.

The Weimar Constitution was established in 1919 in Germany, replacing the previous imperial constitution. It laid the foundation for the Weimar Republic, introducing key democratic principles and structures.

Between January 5-12, 1919, the Spartacist uprising between far-left groups and forces of the Council of the People's Deputies, with support from Freikorps units, broke out in Berlin and was defeated.

In January 1919, the Spartacus League attempted to establish a communist government in Berlin, leading to the Spartacist uprising and the subsequent killing of Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht.

The elections for the National Assembly in Germany were held, marking the first time women could vote in a national German election. The top 3 parties were the Social Democrats (SPD), the Independent Social Democrats, and the German National People's Party.

A decree issued on February 3, 1919, established workers' rights such as collective bargaining, removal of employer exemptions for certain workers, and regulations on working hours and rest periods.

The Weimar Republic was officially established in Germany following the end of World War I.

The Weimar Republic was established on February 6, 1919, in the town of Weimar, Germany, by the National Assembly after Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated, following the end of World War I.

The Weimar National Assembly elected Friedrich Ebert of the SPD as the president of Germany.

President Friedrich Ebert appointed Philipp Scheidemann of the SPD as the minister president, similar to a chancellor.

Bavarian minister president Kurt Eisner was murdered in Munich by right-wing student Anton Arco-Valley.

The Bavarian Soviet Republic was proclaimed in Munich on April 7, 1919, lasting until May 1, 1919.

The Social Democratic Party (SPD) emerges with the highest percentage of votes in the inaugural election to the new Reichstag, signaling early political dynamics in post-World War I Germany.

Minister President Philipp Scheidemann resigns after refusing to accept the Treaty of Versailles, leading to Gustav Bauer taking his place.

The Weimar National Assembly approves the Treaty of Versailles without any conditions after facing an Allied ultimatum.

The Versailles Treaty imposed harsh conditions on Germany, including reducing its military strength and placing full blame for World War I on the country. This contributed to the association of the Weimar Republic with the humiliation and hardships of the war.

The democratic Weimar Republic is officially established, replacing the socialist interim German government.

The Weimar National Assembly votes to approve the Weimar Constitution by a significant margin, shaping the governance of the newly established republic.

The Weimar Constitution was adopted by the Weimar National Assembly in Weimar from 6 February to 11 August 1919. This constitution laid the foundation for the Weimar Republic, although the name 'Weimar Republic' only gained widespread usage after 1933.

On August 12, 1919, the Weimar Constitution was officially announced in Germany.

The Weimar Constitution, signed by President Friedrich Ebert, becomes effective, establishing the legal framework for the Weimar Republic.

The Kapp Putsch took place from March 13 to 17, 1920, when right-wing forces attempted to overthrow the Weimar Republic. The coup ultimately failed.

On May 10, 1920, Dr. Joseph Wirth and Walter Rathenau announced the 'Policy of Fulfillment,' which was met with resistance from nationalist groups.

Constantin Fehrenbach, a member of the Centre Party, assumes the role of Chancellor following the collapse of the Hermann Müller government.

In the East Prussian plebiscite, voters in parts of West Prussia and East Prussia overwhelmingly choose to remain with Germany instead of becoming part of Poland.

The Second Silesian Uprising erupts among the dissatisfied Polish population in Upper Silesia, a region with a mix of German and Polish inhabitants.

Germany completes its withdrawal from the demilitarized zone 50 kilometers east of the Rhine as mandated by the Treaty of Versailles.

The official formation of the Reichswehr, limited to 100,000 men as per the Treaty of Versailles, took place on 1 January 1921, with soldiers taking an oath to the Weimar Constitution.

The Upper Silesia plebiscite is conducted to determine the region's affiliation, with 60 percent of the vote opting for Germany over Poland.

The Communist Party of Germany attempts to initiate a general rebellion in central Germany, but the uprising is violently suppressed by the Reichswehr.

Polish irregulars rebel against the outcome of the Upper Silesia plebiscite, seeking union with Poland. The League of Nations intervenes and divides the region between Germany and Poland.

Constantin Fehrenbach's cabinet resigns due to the London ultimatum on reparations, leading to Joseph Wirth of the Centre Party taking over as the new leader.

The London Schedule of Payments reduces Germany's total reparations to 132 billion gold marks, a decision ratified by the Reichstag on 11 May.

Adolf Hitler assumes the position of chairman within the Nazi Party (NSDAP), marking a significant step in his political career.

Matthias Erzberger, a former German finance minister and one of the signatories of the Armistice of November 11, is assassinated by members of the extreme right-wing group Organisation Consul.

Germany and Russia sign a treaty that renounces territorial and financial claims and normalizes relations between the two countries.

Walther Rathenau, Germany's Jewish foreign minister, is assassinated in Berlin by members of the extreme right-wing Organisation Consul.

The Reichstag approves the Law for the Protection of the Republic in response to the assassination of Walther Rathenau. The law allows the banning of anti-republican printed material, gatherings, and associations.

The Nazi Party is banned in Prussia, followed by similar bans in Thuringia, Saxony, and Hamburg.

Wilhelm Cuno forms a new government, replacing Joseph Wirth's cabinet.

In a sign of growing inflation, it costs 7,525 marks to buy one U.S. dollar.

The Occupation of the Ruhr by French and Belgian troops begins after Germany is declared to be in default on its reparations payments. The German government reacts with a call for passive resistance.

It costs 160,400 marks to buy one U.S. dollar, indicating severe hyperinflation in Germany.

The Cuno government resigns due to the Ruhr occupation crisis, leading to a change in leadership in Germany.

On August 13, 1923, Gustav Stresemann assumed the positions of Chancellor and Foreign Minister in Germany.

The German government decides to end passive resistance, marking a shift in their approach.

Gustav Ritter von Kahr is given executive power as General State Commissioner for Bavaria, leading to a state of emergency declaration in Berlin.

The Küstrin Putsch, a failed coup attempt by the Black Reichswehr against the Weimar Republic, occurs in Küstrin.

The proclamation of the Rhenish Republic on October 21, 1923, sparked a short-lived secessionist movement in Germany. This event contributed to political unrest and radicalization in certain regions.

The Berlin government orders the replacement of the state governments of Saxony and Thuringia after the Communist Party of Germany joins their ruling coalitions.

On November 8, 1923, Adolf Hitler and Erich Ludendorff attempted a coup known as the Beer Hall Putsch in Munich, declaring the deposition of the Weimar government. The coup was unsuccessful, leading to Hitler's arrest and imprisonment.

In an effort to stabilize the economy amidst hyperinflation, the German government introduces a new currency called the Rentenmark, equivalent to one billion old imperial marks. This measure helps bring relative prosperity to Germans in the following years.

After the hyperinflation crisis, Gustav Stresemann introduced a new currency, the Rentenmark, which was backed by Germany's agricultural and industrial resources.

The Stresemann government falls after a vote of no confidence, leading to Wilhelm Marx becoming the new chancellor.

President Friedrich Ebert lifts the state of emergency declared in September 1923, but it remains in effect only in Bavaria.

In the first of two 1924 Reichstag elections, the Social Democratic Party, the German National People's Party, and the Catholic Centre Party emerge as the top three vote getters.

The Dawes Plan, a report on German reparations for World War I drafted by a committee of experts led by American financier Charles G. Dawes, was accepted by the Allies and Germany on August 16, 1924, during the Weimar Republic.

The Dawes Plan, aimed at reducing and restructuring Germany's reparations payments, goes into effect.

The Reichsmark is introduced to replace the temporary Rentenmark, which was implemented in November 1923.

The second Reichstag election of 1924 concludes with the same top three parties as the May vote.

Adolf Hitler was released from prison on December 20, 1924, after serving less than eight months of his five-year sentence for high treason.

Hans Luther, an independent figure, assumes the position of German chancellor following the fall of Wilhelm Marx's government.

President Friedrich Ebert passes away on February 28, 1925.

Paul von Hindenburg is elected as the President of Germany on April 26, 1925.

The Treaty of Locarno, which guaranteed Germany's western border but allowed for negotiations on the eastern border, is formally ratified on December 1, 1925.

Germany and the Soviet Union sign the Treaty of Berlin on April 24, 1926, guaranteeing Germany's neutrality in any war between the Soviet Union and a third country.

The Luther government falls on May 12, 1926, due to its support for a modified imperial flag for use at the Republic's foreign missions. Wilhelm Marx of the Centre Party becomes chancellor again.

A popular referendum to expropriate the property of the former German princes without compensation fails on June 20, 1926, due to low voter turnout.

Germany is admitted to the League of Nations on September 10, 1926, with a permanent seat on its council.

Foreign Minister Gustav Stresemann and his French counterpart Aristide Briand receive the Nobel Peace Prize on December 10, 1926, for their work on the Locarno Treaties.

In 1927, the Weimar Republic introduced unemployment insurance as part of its social welfare system, marking a significant step in social protection for workers.

The Kellogg-Briand Pact proposed the outlaw of warfare, and the Young Plan aimed to reduce Germany's reparation payments, payable over 58 years.

Adolf Hitler mentioned the term 'Republik von Weimar' during a speech at a Nazi Party rally in Munich on 24 February 1929, marking the first recorded use of the term.

Gustav Stresemann, the former Chancellor and Foreign Minister known for his efforts in helping the Weimar Republic recover, passes away due to a stroke.

A sudden stock market crash in the United States triggers the Great Depression, severely impacting Germany's economy. One third of the German workforce becomes unemployed, leading to political unrest and providing opportunities for right-wing parties like the Nazis.

A popular referendum against the Young Plan, supported by German National People's Party and the Nazi Party, fails on December 22, 1929, due to low voter turnout.

The Young Plan is ratified by the Reichstag on March 12, 1930.

On March 27, 1930, the Müller government falls and is replaced by the first presidential cabinet led by Heinrich Brüning of the Centre Party.

After the Reichstag rejects Chancellor Brüning's budget bill, he enacts it by emergency decree on July 16-18, 1930, then dissolves the Reichstag when they vote to rescind his decree.

In the Reichstag election on September 14, 1930, a radical shift among voters puts the Nazi Party and the Communist Party of Germany second and third behind the Social Democratic Party.

Paul von Hindenburg wins a second term as president of Germany in the election, with Adolf Hitler finishing second.

The Nazi Sturmabteilung (SA) and Schutzstaffel (SS) are prohibited by the German government.

The Brüning government steps down, and Franz von Papen becomes the new chancellor, forming a presidential cabinet.

The ban on the Nazi Sturmabteilung (SA) is lifted in Germany.

President Hindenburg appoints Chancellor Papen Reich commissar of Prussia, leading to the ousting of the democratically elected Prussian government led by the Social Democrats.

In a significant political development, the Nazis emerge as the largest party in the Reichstag on July 31, 1932.

The German National People's Party, Nazi Party, and Stahlhelm veterans group unite to create the Harzburg Front with the aim of toppling the Brüning government.

After the elections on November 6, 1932, Kurt von Schleicher succeeded Franz von Papen as chancellor. Schleicher attempted to build a majority in the Reichstag by uniting trade unionist left wings of various parties, including the Nazis, but his efforts were unsuccessful.

The Papen cabinet resigns, leading to the appointment of Kurt von Schleicher as the new chancellor on 3 December.

Chancellor Kurt von Schleicher resigns from his position.

On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler was appointed as the Chancellor of Germany by President Hindenburg.

At Hitler's request, President Hindenburg dissolves the Reichstag.

A devastating fire broke out in the Reichstag building on February 27, 1933. Dutch Communist Van der Lubbe was arrested and later executed for allegedly starting the fire.

Following the Reichstag Fire, the Reichstag Fire Decree was issued on February 28, 1933.

The Nazis win 44% of the vote in the Reichstag election, falling short of an absolute majority. Social Democrats and Communists also see a decrease in their votes.

On March 15, 1933, the first cabinet meeting aimed to achieve the complete counter-revolution through the Enabling Act, granting Hitler dictatorial powers.

The Enabling Act of 1933 is passed, granting the chancellor and cabinet the authority to create and enforce laws without Reichstag or presidential involvement, effectively signaling the end of the Weimar Republic.

The Enabling Act of 1933 allowed Hitler's cabinet to pass laws without the approval of the Reichstag or the President, leading to the consolidation of power and the beginning of the Nazi era.

The Reichsrat, the other chamber of the German parliament, was officially abolished in clear violation of the Enabling Act, further consolidating Nazi power.

Hindenburg's death removed the last obstacle to Nazi dominance, allowing Hitler to consolidate power as the new 'Führer and Reich Chancellor' with complete control over the Reich.

In 1935, two years after Adolf Hitler's rise to power, the Reichswehr was renamed Wehrmacht, becoming the unified armed forces of the Nazi regime.

At the end of World War II, the Allies dissolved most of the remaining German states that had existed during the Weimar Republic era. These states were reorganized into the modern states of Germany.

In 1949, the modern German Bundestag introduced a 5% threshold limit for a party to gain parliamentary representation, aiming to counter the issue of many small parties, including extremist ones, causing instability in forming coalition governments.