Ludwig Wittgenstein

Ludwig Wittgenstein was born in Vienna on April 26, 1889, to Karl and Leopoldine Wittgenstein. He was the youngest of eight children, born into one of the most prominent and wealthy families in the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

Wittgenstein arrived unannounced at Russell's rooms in Trinity College to study under Bertrand Russell after being suggested by Frege. Russell initially found him irritating but soon came to believe that Wittgenstein was a genius.

At the outbreak of World War I, Wittgenstein volunteered for the Austro-Hungarian Army despite being eligible for exemption. He served in various capacities, displaying exceptional courage and winning several medals for bravery.

In June 1915, Wittgenstein wrote in his notebook that the meaning of life can be equated to God, and praying is contemplating the meaning of life. He also reflected on the belief in God as understanding that life has a deeper significance beyond worldly facts.

In 1916, he was sent as a member of a howitzer regiment to the Russian front where he gained many distinctions for bravery.

Kurt Wittgenstein, an officer and company director, committed suicide on 27 October 1918 during World War I. His troops refused to obey his orders, leading to his tragic decision.

Ludwig Wittgenstein's major work, the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, was published in 1921 during his lifetime. He was never satisfied with his writings and believed that his ideas were difficult to understand.

The Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, the only book published by Wittgenstein during his lifetime, was eventually published in English in 1922 with the help of Russell.

On September 17, 1923, Frank P. Ramsey visited Ludwig Wittgenstein in Puchberg to discuss the Tractatus. Ramsey described Wittgenstein's frugal living conditions and the campaign to persuade him to return to Cambridge.

In April 1926, an incident occurred in Trattenbach where an 11-year-old boy collapsed after being struck on the head by Wittgenstein, leading to bitter disagreements with the boy's parents and ultimately resulting in Wittgenstein's resignation as a school teacher.

After working in various professions, Wittgenstein returned to Cambridge in 1929. He was awarded a Ph.D. for the Tractatus and developed a new philosophical method leading to his posthumously published work, the Philosophical Investigations.

In 'Culture and Value', Wittgenstein discusses the concept of rules of life being depicted in pictures and emphasizes that these pictures can only describe actions, not justify them. He highlights the importance of conduct based on understanding rather than justification.

In 1933, Wittgenstein challenged traditional theories of meaning in philosophy by questioning the idea that meaning comes from something external to the proposition. He introduced the concept that the life of a sign is its essence.

In 1945, Ludwig Wittgenstein prepared the final manuscript of the Philosophical Investigations but withdrew it from publication at the last minute, only authorizing its posthumous publication.

A meeting took place at Richard Braithwaite's rooms in King's College, Cambridge, where Karl Popper and Ludwig Wittgenstein engaged in a heated debate. Wittgenstein famously waved a hot poker and demanded an example of a moral rule from Popper.

Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein passed away on April 29, 1951 in Cambridge, England. He was a highly influential philosopher of the twentieth century, particularly in the analytic school.

In 1953, the book 'Philosophical Investigations' by Ludwig Wittgenstein was posthumously published. It is considered one of the most important books of 20th-century philosophy.

The Blue and Brown Books were published in 1958 in Oxford. These books are a collection of philosophical writings by Ludwig Wittgenstein.

In 1961, 'Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus' by Ludwig Wittgenstein was published, translated by D. F. Pears and B. F. McGuinness, making it more accessible to English-speaking audiences.

Philosophical Investigations is considered one of Wittgenstein's main works from his late period in analytic philosophy.

Harper Perennial published a new edition of Ludwig Wittgenstein's 'The Blue and Brown Books' in 1965.

A collection of letters written by Ludwig Wittgenstein, along with a memoir, was published in 1967. These letters provide insights into Wittgenstein's thoughts and personal life.

Wittgenstein's 'On Certainty' explores the relationship between knowledge and certainty, which has had a significant impact on the philosophy of action.

Lectures on the foundations of mathematics by Ludwig Wittgenstein, edited by C. Diamond and published in 1976 by Cornell University Press.

On Certainty was compiled posthumously from Wittgenstein's notes and reflects his thoughts from the last year and a half of his life.

In 1980, Oxford philosophers G.P. Baker and P.M.S. Hacker released the first volume of an analytical commentary on Ludwig Wittgenstein's 'Investigations'. This project aimed to provide a detailed analysis and interpretation of Wittgenstein's work.

The Last Writings on the Philosophy of Psychology were published in two volumes, vol. 1 in 1982 and vol. 2 in 1992, in Oxford by G. H. von Wright and H. Nyman. These writings delve into the philosophical aspects of psychology.

A new edition of 'On Certainty' edited by G.E.M. Anscombe and George Henrik von Wright was published by Blackwell Publishing Professional in 1991.

In 1994, a book focusing on Wittgenstein's philosophy of mathematics was published. It delves into his unique perspective on the nature of mathematics and its relation to philosophy.

In 1999, a survey among American university and college teachers ranked the Philosophical Investigations as the most important book of 20th-century philosophy. It was considered a crossover masterpiece appealing across diverse philosophical orientations.

The Bergen Electronic Edition of Wittgenstein's Nachlass was published in 2000 by Oxford University Press. It is a comprehensive electronic edition of Ludwig Wittgenstein's unpublished writings and notes.

The entry on Ludwig Wittgenstein was first published on November 8, 2002 in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. It provides an in-depth analysis of the philosopher's work and contributions.

In 2008, Michael Morris published the 'Routledge Philosophy Guidebook'.

In 2009, the book 'Elucidating the Tractatus' was published by Oxford University Press.

The book 'Wittgenstein’s Metaphilosophy' by Paul Horwich was published in 2012. It delves into the philosophical ideas and perspectives of Ludwig Wittgenstein.

The second revised edition of Wittgenstein and the Philosophical Investigations was published by Routledge in 2013.

Thomas McNally's book 'Wittgenstein and the Philosophy of Language: The Legacy of the Philosophical Investigations' was published in 2017 by Cambridge University Press.

In 2018, M. Burley published a book focusing on the relationship between Wittgenstein's philosophy and topics of religion and ethics.

The book 'Wittgenstein’s Heirs and Editors' was published in 2020 by C. Erbacher, focusing on the successors and editors of Ludwig Wittgenstein's work.

On October 20, 2021, the entry on Ludwig Wittgenstein in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy underwent a substantive revision. This update likely included new insights and interpretations of Wittgenstein's philosophy.

In 2022, the impact of Ludwig Wittgenstein, a prominent philosopher known for his work in logic, continues to shape the field of philosophy and logic.