Wars of the Roses

Henry V of England revived old dynastic claims to the French throne and invaded France in 1415, leading to the Battle of Agincourt where the English achieved a significant victory. This campaign solidified the legitimacy of the Lancastrian monarchy.

The First Battle of St. Albans occurred on May 22, 1455, marking the first significant battle of the Wars of the Roses. It resulted in a victory for the Yorkist faction and escalated the conflict between the Houses of Lancaster and York.

On 23 September 1459, the Yorkist army under Salisbury was ambushed by a larger Lancastrian force at Blore Heath. The Lancastrians were defeated, and Baron Audley was killed in the battle.

The Battle of Ludford Bridge took place on October 12-13, 1459, between the forces of the House of Lancaster and the House of York, resulting in a retreat by the Yorkists.

The Battle of Northampton in 1460 ended in a Yorkist victory with King Henry VI being captured. The Earl of Warwick ordered the massacre of prisoners, and the Queen fled to Wales.

The Battle of Wakefield on December 30, 1460, was a significant engagement in the Wars of the Roses, resulting in the death of Richard, Duke of York, a key figure in the Yorkist faction.

The Battle of Mortimer's Cross took place on February 2, 1461, where the Yorkists under Edward, Earl of March, achieved a decisive victory over the Lancastrians.

The Second Battle of St. Albans occurred on February 17, 1461, during the Wars of the Roses, resulting in a Lancastrian victory and the capture of King Henry VI by the Yorkists.

Edward of York, also known as Edward IV, was declared king in London.

The Battle of Towton was a significant Yorkist victory led by The Earl of Warwick. It resulted in the flight of King Henry, Queen Margaret, and the Prince of Wales to Scotland.

Edward of York emerges victorious in the brutal Battle of Towton, a significant conflict during the Wars of the Roses. This battle solidifies Edward's claim to the English throne.

Edward IV was formally crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey, solidifying his position as the uncontested ruler of England after his victory at the Battle of Towton.

Warwick successfully negotiated a truce with Scotland and led Yorkist forces to decisively defeat the Lancastrians in Ireland, securing his position as the most powerful noble in England.

The Battle of Hedgeley Moor took place on April 25, 1464, between the Yorkists and the Lancastrians, with the Yorkists emerging victorious in this conflict during the Wars of the Roses.

On 1st May 1464, Edward IV secretly married Elizabeth Woodville, a commoner. This marriage caused political turmoil and was a key event during the Wars of the Roses.

A Yorkist force under John Neville destroyed the main Lancastrian army at Hexham, capturing and executing key Lancastrian commanders, leading to the collapse of effective resistance to Edward's rule.

Henry VI was captured and imprisoned in the Tower of London in 1465.

On 24th July 1465, Henry VI, the Lancastrian king, was captured by the Yorkists. This event further solidified the Yorkist control during the Wars of the Roses.

Philip the Good, the Duke of Burgundy, passed away on June 15, 1467.

The surrender of Harlech Castle in August 1468 marked the end of the longest siege in British history.

The Battle of Nibley Green took place on March 20, 1469.

During the Battle of Edgcote, royal troops were defeated by rebels led by Redesdale. This event resulted in the capture and execution of key figures close to King Edward IV, leading to a significant shift in power dynamics.

After quarrelling with Edward IV, Warwick the Kingmaker fled to France where he joined forces with Queen Margaret. They returned to England and restored the Lancastrian Henry VI to the throne on 13th October.

In 1471, the Yorkist King Edward fled to France with a small army.

Edward IV of England emerges victorious in the Battle of Barnet, resulting in the death of the Earl of Warwick.

The Battle of Barnet took place on April 14, 1471, resulting in a victory for Edward's Yorkist army and the death of Warwick the Kingmaker.

On May 4, 1471, the Battle of Tewkesbury occurred, where the Lancastrian army, led by Queen Margaret and the Prince of Wales, suffered a defeat. The Prince of Wales was killed, and the queen was captured.

The Siege of London took place from the 10th to the 14th of May in 1471. It was a significant military conflict during the Wars of the Roses.

Henry VI of England is killed in the Tower of London following his imprisonment by Edward IV of England.

On April 9, 1483, King Edward IV passed away, marking the end of his reign and leading to a period of uncertainty and power struggles.

On May 19, 1483, Edward V entered the Tower of London to prepare for his coronation, a significant step in the political transition following his father's death.

Richard III is crowned as the King of England in Westminster Abbey.

Henry Tudor, supported by the Duke of Buckingham, launched a rebellion against Richard III on October 18, 1483, aiming to install Henry as king. The rebellion was ultimately defeated by Richard.

On 23rd January 1484, the Titulus Regius was passed, which declared the marriage of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville invalid and their children illegitimate.

On August 7, 1485, Henry Tudor, the last Lancastrian claimant, landed at Milford Haven in Wales, marking the beginning of the Tudor challenge to Richard III's reign.

The Battle of Bosworth on August 22, 1485, saw the defeat of King Richard III and the victory of Henry Tudor, who became King Henry VII, ending the Plantagenet dynasty.

On 3rd September 1485, Henry Tudor made his triumphant entry into London as King Henry VII.

Henry VII of England is crowned in Westminster Abbey, solidifying his position as the new monarch after his victory at the Battle of Bosworth Field.

Henry VII of England marries Elizabeth of York, the daughter of Edward IV of England, in a union that symbolizes the reconciliation of the warring factions of the Wars of the Roses.

Perkin Warbeck, who claimed to be Richard IV, was captured, imprisoned, and hanged on November 23, 1499.

An overview discussing the reasons behind the Wars of the Roses, a series of civil wars in England during the 15th century. This source provides insights into the factors that led to the conflicts.