Benito Mussolini

Benito Mussolini was born on July 29, 1881, in Dovia di Predappio to parents Alessandro and Rosa Mussolini. His father, a devoted socialist, named him after Benito Juarez, the leftist Mexican revolutionary.

Benito Mussolini, the Italian dictator and leader of the National Fascist Party, was born on July 29, 1883.

In 1915, Benito Mussolini re-joined the Italian Army.

Mussolini's military experience included about nine months of active, front-line trench warfare. During this time, he contracted paratyphoid fever. His military exploits ended in February 1917 when he was wounded accidentally by the explosion of a mortar bomb in his trench.

The Fascist Party, led by Benito Mussolini, was founded on May 29, 1919, marking the beginning of the rise of fascism in Italy.

On September 27, 1922, Benito Mussolini and the Blackshirts marched in Rome to persuade the King to make Mussolini Prime Minister.

On September 28, 1922, Benito Mussolini became the 40th Prime Minister of Italy.

On 24 October 1922, Benito Mussolini declared in front of 60,000 militants at a Fascist rally in Naples that their program is simple: they want to rule Italy.

The March on Rome was staged on the night of October 27–28, 1922, where approximately 30,000 armed Fascists marched into Rome, demanding the resignation of Italian Prime Minister Luigi Facta.

The March on Rome was an organized mass demonstration and a coup d'état in October 1922, resulting in Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party ascending to power in the Kingdom of Italy without armed conflict.

On October 28, 1922, Benito Mussolini established his Fascist dictatorship in Italy.

Benito Mussolini becomes the Prime Minister of Italy, leading the Fascist Party and establishing a totalitarian regime, which significantly impacted Italian politics, society, and foreign policy during the interwar period.

The March on Rome was a march by which Italian dictator Benito Mussolini came to power in 1922. It marked the beginning of Mussolini's Fascist regime in Italy.

On 30 October 1922, the King handed power to Mussolini, who was supported by the military, the business class, and the right wing.

On 4 November 1922, Mussolini implemented the March on Rome after learning about Prime Minister Luigi Facta's mission to organize a large demonstration to celebrate the national victory during the war.

Giacomo Matteotti, MP and Unitarian Socialist Party secretary, is killed few days after his famous speech about electoral violations during the elections held on April 6th, 1924. The political assassinations perpetuated by the State begin.

In 1925, Mussolini orchestrated a coup d'etat to establish a personal dictatorship in Italy, effectively ending the democratic system. The coup began with his address to the Chamber of Deputies and was solidified with the 'Decree on Powers of the Head of Government' on December 24, 1925, granting him extensive control and authority.

On September 29, 1925, Benito Mussolini assumed the role of a dictator in Italy, consolidating his power and influence over the country.

Mussolini passed a law that changed his formal title to 'Head of the Government', effectively transforming his government into a de facto legal dictatorship.

Over a period of 2-3 years, Mussolini slowly changed laws, giving himself more and more power. By 1927 he had power to do whatever he pleased, making the nation into a police state.

Mussolini signed a concordat and treaty with the Roman Catholic Church, granting Vatican City independent statehood and recognizing the Catholic religion as Italy's state religion. This led to the Church regaining authority over marriage, teaching of Catholicism in secondary schools, and other privileges.

On September 29, 1929, Benito Mussolini adopted the title Il Duce, which means the Leader in Italian, further solidifying his authoritarian rule in Italy.

During the 'Pacification of Libya', the Fascist regime waged a genocidal campaign against the Libyan population, confining over half the population of Cyrenaica to concentration camps and staging chemical warfare attacks against the Bedouin.

The political assassinations perpetuated by the State begin.

Mussolini invades Abyssinia (Ethiopia).

In 1936, Mussolini invaded Abyssinia, now known as Ethiopia, with the aim of expanding Italian territory and exerting control over the region. This invasion was part of his larger ambition to dominate the Mediterranean Sea.

On October 25, 1936, the Rome-Berlin Axis was formed, bringing Italy and Germany closer together in a political and military alliance.

In May 1938, Adolf Hitler met with Benito Mussolini to discuss the division of Europe, marking a significant event in the lead-up to World War II.

The Pact of Steel was signed, binding together Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany in a full military alliance.

On September 1, 1938, Benito Mussolini's government revoked the citizenship of Jews in Italy, leading to discriminatory policies and persecution.

Il Grand Council of Fascism approves the 'Declaration of Race', a pivotal event in the institutionalization of racial discrimination within the fascist regime.

In February 1939, Italy's Fascist Party, under Mussolini's leadership, banned Jews from joining the party, furthering discriminatory measures against the Jewish population.

The Pact of Steel was a military alliance between Germany (Nazism) and Italy (Fascism), which led to Italy's involvement in World War II.

On June 10, 1940, Italy, under the leadership of Mussolini, joined Hitler in Germany's wars after initially withholding formal allegiance to either side in the battle between Germany and the Allies.

Benito Mussolini is dismissed from office and subsequently arrested. This marks a significant shift in the leadership of Italy during World War II, leading to major political changes.

Mussolini was rescued from his prison at the Hotel Campo Imperatore in the Gran Sasso raid by a special Fallschirmjäger unit and Waffen-SS commandos. This rescue saved Mussolini from being turned over to the Allies in accordance with the armistice.

In September 1943, a new Fascist government under the leadership of Mussolini assumed administration of central and northern Italy, dividing the country into two. The new state was named Repubblica Sociale Italiana (RSI).

Mussolini agreed to set up a new regime, the Italian Social Republic (RSI), informally known as the Salò Republic. The new regime was much reduced in territory and faced territorial losses to Germany.

Benito Mussolini and his mistress Clara Petacci were captured by communist partisans near the village of Dongo and were subsequently executed. Their bodies were later dumped in Piazzale Loreto in Milan and subjected to public abuse.

On April 28, 1945, Benito Mussolini died.

The council of partisan leaders, led by the Communists, secretly decided to execute Mussolini and 15 leading Fascists in retaliation. They were executed on April 29, 1945, and their bodies were hung at an Esso gas station in the Piazzale Loreto in Milan.