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Last Updated:
2024-09-22 08:20:01

Chipko Movement

Forest conservation movement in India
Forest conservation movement in India

The Chipko movement, also known as the 'hugging movement', was a protest against deforestation and commercial logging in India during the 1970s. It has evolved into an ecofeminist movement, with women playing a crucial role in advocating for the conservation and sustainable use of natural resources.

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1730
First Chipko Andolan by Bishnoi Community

In the 18th century, the Bishnoi ethnic group in Rajasthan initiated the first Chipko Andolan to protect trees from being cut down. Led by Amrita Devi, the locals risked their lives to save the trees on the property of the King of Jodhpur, leading to a decree banning tree cutting in Bishnoi settlements.

1964
Formation of Dasholi Gram Swarajya Sangh

In 1964, Dasholi Gram Swarajya Sangh was established by Chandi Prasad Bhatt in Chamoli Gopeshwar, aiming to set up small industries using forest resources, leading to the foundation of the Chipko movement.

1970
Alaknanda River floods

Devastating floods occurred in July 1970 in the Garhwal Himalayas due to reckless deforestation, leading to a major landslide blocking the Alaknanda River and affecting a vast area downstream.

1973-04-24
First Confrontation of Chipko Movement at Village Mandal

In April 1973, about a hundred villagers and workers confronted lumbermen at village Mandal by beating drums and shouting slogans, forcing the contractors to retreat. This marked the first confrontation of the Chipko Movement.

1973-10-25
Sunderlal Bahuguna leads protest

Sunderlal Bahuguna led a protest similar to the Chipko Movement on October 25, 1973 in the Himalayan regions.

1974-03-25
Chipko Movement Begins in Reni Village

On March 25, 1974, in Reni village, Gaura Devi and 27 village women hugged trees to prevent them from being felled by loggers. This act of non-violent resistance marked the beginning of the Chipko Movement, a significant environmental protest in India.

1974-03-26
Chipko Movement

The Chipko movement was a socio-ecological revolution where activists in the Kumaon region of India protested against deforestation and won control of forest resources from bureaucratic control. It inspired similar movements in other states and led to the conservation of trees in various regions.

1974-06-20
Successful Stand-off in Phata Forest

In June 1974, due to local opposition, contractors retreated from Phata forest after a stand-off that lasted a few days. Villagers formed a vigil group to protect the trees, leading to a successful outcome.

1975
Chipko Movement in Reni Village

In 1975, government officials tried to clear forests in Reni village by arranging meetings and compensation for male villagers, but the women, led by Gauradevi, resisted by hugging the trees. The Chipko movement successfully preserved forests in the region through women-led actions and international support.

1977
Rakhi Tying Protest in Another Area

In 1977, women in another area tied sacred threads, called Rakhi, around trees marked for felling, symbolizing a bond to protect the trees. This protest showcased the deep connection between environmental conservation and cultural traditions.

1978
Chipko Movement led by Dhoom Singh Negi

In 1978, Dhoom Singh Negi led the Chipko Movement in Tehri Garhwal district to protest the auctioning of the forest. Local women tied sacred threads around the trees and read Bhagavadgita to protect them.

1980
Success of Chipko Movement led by Sunderlal Bahuguna

In 1980, Sunderlal Bahuguna achieved a major success by appealing to Indira Gandhi to stop felling trees, leading to a 15-year ban on commercial cutting of trees in Uttarakhand Himalayas.

1982
Ramon Magsaysay Award for Chandi Prasad Bhatt

In 1982, Chandi Prasad Bhatt, a key figure in the Chipko movement, was honored with the Ramon Magsaysay Award for his significant contributions to environmental activism and conservation.

1983-09
Appiko Movement

Inspired by the Chipko movement, the Appiko movement in Karnataka state of India successfully halted tree felling in the Western Ghats and Vindhyas regions. It showcased the power of grassroots activism in environmental conservation.

1984-10-13
Women's Role in the Chipko Movement in Uttar Pradesh

Study conducted by Jain, Shobita focusing on the involvement of women in the Chipko Movement in Uttar Pradesh.

1986-05
Evolution, Structure, and Impact of the Chipko Movement

Research by Shiva, Vandana and J. Bandyopadhyay discussing the development, organization, and consequences of the Chipko Movement.

1987
Chapter 4 – 'Hug the Trees'

A chapter in the book 'Gandhi Today' by Mark Shepard discussing the act of tree hugging and its connection to Mahatma Gandhi's legacy.

1988
Hugging the trees: the story of the Chipko movement

A book by Thomas Weber narrating the story of the Chipko movement and its significance.

1991
Chapter 4 – 'The Chipko movement'

A chapter in Vandana Shiva's book 'Ecology and the Politics of Survival' focusing on the Chipko movement and conflicts over natural resources in India.

1994
Chipko Tree Huggers of the Himalayas

In 1994, Pamela Singh captured the essence of the Chipko Movement through a photograph titled 'Chipko Tree Huggers of the Himalayas.'

2000
Of Myths and movements: rewriting Chipko into Himalayan history

A book by Haripriya Rangan exploring the Chipko movement's significance in Himalayan history and mythology.

2001
Formation of Uttarakhand State

The Chipko movement in the Kumaon region of India took on a radical tone by aligning with the movement for a separate Uttarakhand state. This eventually led to the creation of Uttarakhand as a separate state in 2001.

2004
Resumption of Chipko Protests in Himachal Pradesh

In 2004, Chipko protests were reignited in response to the lifting of the logging ban in Himachal Pradesh, although the efforts were unsuccessful in reinstating the ban.

2009
Padma Vibhushan for Sunderlal Bahuguna

In 2009, Sunderlal Bahuguna, another influential leader of the Chipko movement, was conferred with the Padma Vibhushan, one of India's highest civilian awards, in recognition of his lifelong dedication to environmental protection and social activism.

2017
Jessore Road Tree Conservation Campaign

Following the legacy of the Chipko movement, a conservation initiative was sparked in North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, to save century-old trees from rapid deforestation. The campaign aimed to protect the environment and preserve the green cover in the region.

2018-03-26
Google Doodle for Chipko Movement

On the 45th anniversary of the Chipko movement, Google commemorated the conservation initiative with a special Google Doodle. This highlighted the global impact and significance of the movement in promoting environmental awareness and activism.

2021
Chipko (Hug the Trees) Movement

Essay by Mallick, Krishna included in the book 'Environmental Movements of India' which covers the Chipko Movement along with other environmental movements.

End of the Timeline
Chipko Movement
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